Exploring the motivations and expectations in the amateur football referee

The purpose of this study was to understand the differences between male and female motivations and experiences of being football referee. A semi-structure qualitative interview was made to eighth football referees (4 male and 4 female) with ages between 19 and 27 years (23.4±3.10). The participants were refereeing regional and national Portuguese football matches. In the content analysis emerged two components (Experiences and Motivations) and for each component six and four categories respectively. Results demonstrated that female referees are perceived as capable of the same achievement than men. In the first stages of refereeing career, female and male presents similar motivations regarding the development of different capabilities (focus; decision-making; leading with pressure; conflict management) and the most important relevant being passion for the game. However, the sexism is still felt by women which have to lead with more stereotypes and phycological abuse of a men dominant sports. Consequently the feeling that have to work harder than men to achieve their goals.9E1A-F9DD-3EB8 | Filipe Manuel ClementeN/

Anesthetic effect of clove oil on lambari

Para avaliar o efeito anestésico do óleo de cravo em lambaris (Astyanax altiparanae), cinco grupos de 30 alevinos (0,6±0,1g) foram expostos às concentrações de 50, 75, 100, 125 e 150mg L-1, medindo-se, respectivamente: tempo de indução à anestesia profunda (caracterizada pela perda de equilíbrio, pela ausência de natação, pela redução dos movimentos operculares e pelas respostas apenas a estímulos táteis mais intensos), tempo de recuperação e taxa de mortalidade após a exposição. Em uma segunda etapa (10 peixes/tratamento), registraram-se, para cada concentração, os tempos de indução e de recuperação após anestesia cirúrgica (movimentos operculares lentos e irregulares e perda de reações a estímulos), anotando-se a mortalidade após seis minutos de exposição. Observou-se redução linear no tempo de indução à anestesia (0,01min mg-1 de anestésico acrescido) e aumento quadrático do tempo de recuperação com a elevação da concentração (resposta máxima estimada em 7,1 minutos). A anestesia profunda foi alcançada em tempo inferior a 1,5 minuto para todas as concentrações, com recuperação mais rápida e sem mortalidade para 50mg L-1. Para indução à anestesia cirúrgica, foram registrados menores tempos nas concentrações 75 e 100mg L-1; porém, com mortalidade de 80% e 100%, respectivamente. A concentração 50mg L-1 promoveu anestesia cirúrgica e recuperação em 3,29±0,71 e 4,97±0,63 minutos, respectivamente, sem mortalidade. Concluiu-se que o óleo de cravo possui efeito anestésico para alevinos de lambari, sendo 50mg L-1 a concentração eficiente e segura para indução à anestesia profunda em até 1,5 minuto e de anestesia cirúrgica em até 3,3 minutos de exposição.The anesthetic effect of clove oil on lambari (Astyanax altiparanae) was evaluated by exposing five groups of 30 fry (0.6±0.1g) to concentrations of 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150mg L-1 and measuring the induction time to deep anesthesia (characterized by loss of equilibrium, absence of swimming, reduction of opercular movements, and responses only to intense tactile stimuli), recovery time, and mortality rate after exposure. Another phase of the experiment (10 fish/treatment) involved recording the induction time and recovering after surgical anesthesia (slow irregular opercular movements and loss of reaction to stimuli), and mortality rates after six minutes of exposure to each concentration of clove oil. Induction time decreased linearly (0.01 minute for each mg of additional anesthetic) and recovery time increased quadratically as the concentration increased (maximum estimated response in 7.1 minutes). Deep anesthesia occurred in less than 1.5 minute at all the concentrations, with faster recovery and zero mortality at 50mg L-1. The fastest induction to deep anesthesia occurred at concentrations of 75 and 100mg L-1, but resulted in mortality rates of 80% and 100%, respectively. The 50mg L-1 concentration resulted in surgical anesthesia in 3.29±0.71 minutes and recovery in 4.97±0.63 minutes, without mortality. It was concluded that clove oil has an anesthetic effect on lambari and that 50mg L-1 is an efficient and safe concentration for inducing deep anesthesia in up to 1.5 minute and surgical anesthesia in up to 3,3 minutes of exposure

Oil blends with sesame oil in fish diets: oxidative stress status and fatty acid profiles of lambari

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to evaluate the growth performance, oxidative stress, and fatty acid profiles of lambari (Astyanax altiparanae) fed diets containing different lipid sources: soybean oil, linseed oil, and freshwater fish residue oil combined or otherwise with sesame oil (SEO). The fish (mean weight 0.95±0.46 g; mean length 4.21±2.77 cm) were distributed into 24 cages (cage capacity: 0.70 m3; fish density: 276 individuals m−3) in six treatments and four replicates. After 80 days of feeding, they were weighed, and samples were collected for assay of catalase, glutathione reductase (GR), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme activities in muscle and analysis of the fatty acid profiles of polar and neutral fractions of whole eviscerated fish. The addition of SEO reduced docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3, DHA) levels but increased the percentage of highly unsaturated n-3 fatty acids and the DHA: eiocosapentaenoic acid ratio, while reduced GR and LDH enzyme activities in muscle. Thus, certain blends of oils added to fish diets can improve the lipid profile of lambari and protect consumers against reactive oxygen species

an analysis based on tactical individual performance and team’s final position in the national championship

Our aim in this study was to analyze: (i) the presence of the relative age effect (RAE) on the Brazilian elite female futsal athletes according to their team’s final position in the National Championship, and (ii) the relationship between the presence of the RAE and the athletes’ tactical individual performance. Participants were 77 female Brazilian elite futsal athletes that competed in the 2021 National Championship. Data included their dates of birth aggrupation by quartiles (Q1-Q4), their team’s final position in the National Championship, and their tactical individual performance indicators (time played, goals scored, assists, steals, shots on goal, unbalanced passes, and challenges won in 1vs1). Analyses of the overall sample indicated that RAE was not prevalent in this context since the observed birthdate distribution was not different from the expected one (p=.796). When the final placement in the championship was considered, the birthdate distributions were also not different from the expected for both the top-ranked (p=.572) and low-ranked (p=.679) team athletes. Regarding athletes’ tactical individual performance, no differences were found between the athletes with early and late birthdates for any of the variables analysed (p>.05). Our results suggest that RAE has no impact on this specific sport context, which should be interpreted as a positive factor since female futsal athletes seem to have the same chance of achieving the elite level in Brazil, regardless of their birthdates.9E1A-F9DD-3EB8 | Filipe Manuel ClementeN/

Catalase and lactate dehydrogenase activity in tilapia subjected to contention stress: effect of the background color

Avaliaram-se os efeitos da cor do ambiente sobre o crescimento e a atividade da enzima antioxidante catalase (CAT) e da lactato desidrogenase (LDH) em tilápias do Nilo (n=24; 36,2±3,6g). Oito exemplares foram mortos para determinação da atividade basal das enzimas e os demais permaneceram isolados durante 14 dias sob espectro de luz branca ou azul (n=8 peixes/tratamento). A seguir os peixes foram submetidos a um estresse diário de confinamento de 90 minutos (15° ao 28° dia) e pesados semanalmente para cálculo da taxa de crescimento específico (TCE). A TCE negativa confirmou que o confinamento provocou estresse nos peixes, independentemente da cor do ambiente. O aumento da atividade da LDH no músculo vermelho dos peixes mantidos sob luz branca ou azul indicou mudança do metabolismo aeróbio para anaeróbio. O estresse reduziu a atividade da CAT no músculo branco dos peixes mantidos sob a luz branca ou azul. Na musculatura vermelha, esta redução ocorreu apenas nos animais mantidos sob a luz branca. O confinamento aumenta os processos metabólicos anaeróbios e é adequado para estudos sobre os efeitos do estresse. O espectro de luz azul não evita a redução do crescimento e a demanda energética anaeróbia em situações de estresse, mas preserva a atividade da CAT, contribuindo para o bem-estar da tilápia.We assess the effects of the background color on the growth and antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in Nile tilapia (n=24; 36.2 +/- 3.6g). Eight fish were killed for assessment of basal activity of the enzymes and the others remained isolated for 14 days under white or blue light spectrum (n=8 fish/treatment). Then each animal were subjected to a daily stress of confinement of 90 minutes (15th to 28th day) and weighed to calculate the specific growth rate (SGR). The negative SGR confirmed that the confinement stressed in fish, regardless of the background color. The increased activity of LDH in red muscle of fish kept under white or blue light indicated replacement of aerobic metabolism to anaerobic. Stress reduced the CAT activity in white muscle of fish kept under white or light blue. In red muscle this reduction occurred only in animals kept under white light. Restraint causes increase in anaerobic metabolic processes and is suitable for studies on the effects of stress in tilapia. Confinement increases the anaerobic metabolic processes and is suitable for studies on the effects of stress. The blue spectrum of light does not prevent the reduction of growth and the anaerobic energetic demand in stressful situations, but preserves the CAT activity, contributing to the tilapia welfare

Femoral anteversion and the neck-shaft angle: relationship with hip osteoarthritis

OBJECTIVE: To compare the existence of agreement between measurements of anteversion of the femoral neck and the degrees of osteoarthritis and abnormality of the neck-shaft angle in patients with unilateral idiopathic hip osteoarthritis, among three evaluators. METHODS: Forty- two patients with unilateral hip osteoarthritis were evaluated by means of simple radiography and computed tomography. RESULTS: It was observed that there was no significant variation in femoral anteversion between the diseased and healthy hips. There was strongest agreement between observers 1 and 2 in relation to both the diseased hips (cases) and the healthy hips (controls). Moreover, no significant agreement was found between observers 1 and 3 (p = 0.13) and between observers 2 and 3 (p = 0.12), in relation to the neck-shaft angle of the control hips. CONCLUSION: Although there was no relationship between femoral anteversion and the neck-shaft angle in the patients with unilateral hip osteoarthritis, the present study showed that there was also no relationship with these angular deviations.OBJETIVO: Comparar, entre três avaliadores, a existência de concordância das medidas da anteversão do colo femoral com o grau da osteoartrite e a alteração do ângulo cervicodiafisário em pacientes com osteoartrite idiopática unilateral do quadril. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 42 pacientes com osteoartrite unilateral do quadril por meio de radiografia simples e tomografia computadorizada. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que não ocorreu variação significativa na anteversão femoral entre o quadril doente e o sadio. Houve uma concordância mais forte entre os observadores 1 e 2, tanto em relação ao quadril doente (caso) quanto ao sadio (controle). Além disso, não foi verificada concordância significativa entre os observadores 1 e 3 (p = 0,13) e entre 2 e 3 (p = 0,12) em relação ao ângulo cervicodiafisário do quadril controle. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar de não ter ocorrido relação entre a anteversão femoral e o ângulo cervicodiafisário nos pacientes com osteoartrite unilateral do quadril, este estudo demonstrou não haver relação com estes desvios angulares.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaHospital Santa Teresa Serviço de Ortopedia e TraumatologiaHospital Santa Teresa Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia Grupo de QuadrilUFRJ Faculdade de MedicinaINTOINTO Grupo de Pelve e AcetábuloUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Estabelecimento de uma tabela normativa para a classificação do percentual de gordura corporal em adolescentes

Introduction: The prevalence of obesity in adolescents has increased worldwide, which is closely related to comorbidities in adulthood. Despite the severity of this pathology and its significant impacts on the health system, there is no international consensus on the cut-off point for the percentage of body fat for Brazilian children and adolescents, making it difficult to make an accurate and early diagnosis addition to assertive treatment. Objective: This study aimed to establish cut-off points for body fat percentage in male and female adolescents aged 16 to 19 years using bioelectrical impedance (InBody 570®). Methods: Gender-specific tables were proposed based on the percentiles 3, 5, 10, 15, 25, 50, 75, 85, 95, and 97. A total of 546 adolescents were included. Results: The body fat percentage cut-off points for the male group were: P3 = 6.0-7.0%; P5 = 7.1-8.9%; P10 = 9.0-9.8%; P15 = 9.9-11.7%; P25 = 11.8-15.5%; P50 = 15.6-21.9%; P75 = 22.0-27.8%; P85 = 27.9-36.0%; P95 = 36.1-38.0% and P97 ≥ 38.1%. For females, the cut-off points were: P3 = 9.5-10.0%; P5 = 10.1-11.0%; P10 = 11.1-11.8%; P15 = 11.9-14.0%; P25 = 14.1-19.0%; P50 = 19.1-27.1%; P75 = 27.2-29.0%; P85 = 29.1-39.9%; P95 = 40.0-51.0% and P97 ≥ 51.0%. Conclusion: The establishment of cut-off points for body fat percentage may improve the clinical assessment and management of overweight and obese adolescents.Introdução: A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) recomenda o uso do índice de massa corporal (IMC) como método custo-efetivo nível 1 para avaliar o estado nutricional na população. O aumento do IMC está associado a um maior risco de outras doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT), particularmente a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS), diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2), dislipidemias e alguns tipos de cânceres. A prevalência da obesidade tem aumentado em todo o mundo e essa condição tem afetado dramaticamente crianças e adolescentes. A obesidade em jovens, por sua vez, aumenta as chances de obesidade grave e suas complicações em adultos. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo estabelecer pontos de corte para o percentual de gordura corporal em adolescentes do sexo masculino e feminino de 16 a 18 anos, utilizando a bioimpedância elétrica (InBody 570®). Método: Tabelas específicas para o sexo masculino e feminino foram propostas, com base nos percentis 3, 5, 10, 15, 25, 50, 75, 85, 95 e 97. Foram incluídos 546 adolescentes. Resultados: Os pontos de corte do percentual de gordura corporal para o grupo masculino foram: P3 = 6,0-7,0%; P5 = 7,1-8,9%; P10 = 9,0-9,8%; P15 = 9,9-11,7%; P25 = 11,8-15,5%; P50 = 15,6-21,9%; P75 = 22,0-27,8%; P85 = 27,9-36,0%; P95 = 36,1-38,0% and P97 ≥ 38,1%. Para as mulheres, os pontos de corte foram: P3 = 9,5-10,0%; P5 = 10,1-11,0%; P10 = 11,1-11,8%; P15 = 11,9-14,0%; P25 = 14,1-19,0%; P50 = 19,1-27,1%; P75 = 27,2-29,0%; P85 = 29,1-39,9%; P95 = 40,0-51,0% e P97 ≥ 51,0%. Conclusão: O estabelecimento de pontos de corte para percentual de gordura corporal pode propiciar parâmetros para a melhoria da avaliação clínica, bem como para o tratamento da obesidade em adolescentes

a study from ecological theory and social network analysis perspective

The objective of the present study was to analyze and compare the setter's decision-making (DM) in the offensive construction of the side-out (attack from the reception) in high-level men's volleyball. The sample consisted of the analysis of 132 games of the Brazilian men's volleyball Super-League 2021/2022, with 22 games for each team. The results showed that the eigenvector values were higher for setting to position 3, central attacker next to the setter, simple block, and obtaining the attack point. In addition, the setter's DM was similar between teams, suggesting that the game strategies aim to provide subsidies for the setter to make the decisions according to the game context in a flexible way and generate benefits for the attackers about the number of blockers, being that under ideal conditions and due to the lifter's correct choices in distribution, central blockers avoid anticipating the setting, and this fact allows the conditions of a single block or double-broken blocks in most cases. As a practical application, setting for the central attacker in position 3 becomes an interesting option for point acquisition and is capable of influencing the number of blockers, as well as the optimal blocking condition. Another application would be for the central attacker to position themselves close to the setter, a strategy that would enable the use of the "pipe" attack in other areas of the court with lower defensive blocking power.9E1A-F9DD-3EB8 | Filipe Manuel ClementeN/

Unilateral versus Bilateral Landing after Spike Jumps in Male and Female Volleyball: A Systematic Review

Background: The spike is a key action in volleyball, and the landing technique and its asymmetries are commonly associated with an increased risk of injury. Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to assess how male and female volleyball players land (i.e., unilaterally, or bilaterally) after spike jumps in matches and analytical settings (field or laboratory). Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines were followed, with eligibility criteria defined according to participants, interventions, comparators, study design (PICOS): (p) healthy indoor volleyball players of any sex, age group, or competitive level; (i) exposure to landing after spike actions during official matches AND/OR simulated 6 vs. 6 games AND/OR analytical training conditions AND/OR laboratorial experiments; (c) not mandatory; (o) data on landing mechanics after spike actions, including reporting of whether the landing was unilateral or bilateral; (s) no restrictions imposed on study design. Searches were performed in seven electronic databases (Cochrane Library, EBSCO, PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) on 23 April 2021. Results: Automated searches provided 420 results. Removal of 119 duplicates resulted in 301 records being screened for titles and abstracts. A total of 25 studies were eligible for full-text analysis. Of these, eight studies were deemed eligible for inclusion in the review. Studies showed that (i) attackers landed asymmetrically 68% of the times (61% left leg, 7% right leg); (ii) bilateral asymmetries were observed for the hip, knee, and ankle joints; (iii) bilateral asymmetries were observed even when players were instructed to land evenly on two feet; (iv) landing contact of the leg opposite to the hitting arm preceded the contact of the homolateral leg. One match analysis study showed that men landed more often on the left (31.5%) or right foot (8.5%) than women (23.7% and 1.6%). Conclusions: Studies analyzing spike landing showed a prevalence of unilateral landings (mostly the left leg first, for right-handed players) in men and women but more prevalently in men. Registration INPLASY202140104, DOI: 10.37766/inplasy2021.4.010

Adenoma pleomórfico da glândula submandibular: Pleomorphic adenoma of the submandibular gland

Introdução: O Adenoma Pleomórfico é o mais comum dentre os tumores benignos, desenvolvendo-se em áreas de tecido glandular, apesar de ser uma importante patologia glandular salivar, o acometimento da glândula submandibular não é o mais prevalente, e sim o da glândula parótida, o que acaba por negligenciar tal manifestação. Apresentação do Caso: Paciente com 38 anos, sexo feminino, melanoderma, procurou o serviço de otorrinolaringologia devido aparecimento de nódulo em região cervical há cerca de 04 anos, associado à limitação de movimento, com prejuízo estético há 02 meses. Nega dor. Ao exame físico local, evidenciou-se lesão nodular de consistência firme, unilocular.  À análise histológica, evidenciou ausência de sinais de malignidade. Discussão: O Adenoma Pleomórfico tem crescimento lento, normalmente, perceptível previamente à consulta médica, de anos a meses, apresentando-se de forma muito semelhante a uma linfonodomegalia cervical, indolor e de consistência firme, podendo se manifestar em todas as idades, com predominância entre os 40 e 50 anos, sendo a excisão cirúrgica com margem de segurança seu tratamento de referência, na maioria das vezes, com um excelente prognóstico e baixo índice de recidivas. Conclusão: A evolução lenta é determinante para a percepção atrasada da lesão em questão, e consequentemente, para a necessidade de excisão cirúrgica, para que se tenha um bom prognóstico, além do aumento nas chances de malignização do tumor, o que torna necessário que haja uma maior exploração do tema ao longo da graduação médica, a fim de repercutir na otimização do diagnóstico e tratamento em níveis de saúde menos avançados e mais acessíveis à população em geral