Juvenile Call-ins

Focused deterrence, also known as a "call-in," is a strategy in which community stakeholder groups deliver a nonviolence message to community members who are most likely to commit violence. Call-ins have been associated with substantial reductions in gun violence in Boston and Indianapolis (McGarrell, Chermak, Wilson, & Corsaro, 2006), and have become a widely used strategy for gang violence intervention throughout the country. As call-in strategies are implemented in more cities throughout the country, some cities are interested in applying focused deterrence to a new target population: high risk juveniles.This California Cities Gang Prevention network bulletin draws on academic literature and the experiences of Network cities like Oxnard and Salinas, and other cities including Union City, California; Boston Massachusetts; and Winston-Salem, North Carolina to provide information about juvenile call-ins. Also, to advise effective implementation of juvenile call-ins, this bulletin provides examples from cities that apply call-ins to juveniles, discusses how call-ins may differ for juveniles and adults, and discusses key elements of effective call-ins

A modified Parametric Forcing Approach for modelling of roughness

Surface roughness in turbulent channel flow is effectively modelled using a modified version of the Parametric Forcing Approach introduced by Busse and Sandham (2012). In this modified approach, the model functions are determined based on the surface geometry and two model constants, whose value can be fine tuned. In addition to a quadratic forcing term, accounting for the effect of form drag due to roughness, a linear forcing term, analogous to the Darcy term in the context of porous media, is employed in order to represent the viscous drag. Comparison of the results with full-geometry resolved Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) data for the case of dense roughness (frontal solidity ≅0.4) shows a satisfactory prediction of mean velocity profile, and hence the friction factor, by the model. The model is found to be able to reproduce the trends of friction factor with morphological properties of surface such as skewness of the surface height probability density function and coefficient of variation of the peak heights

A lumpy back: extensive cutaneous collagenomas

A widespread form of eruptive collagenomas in a 12-year-old man is presented for the impressive iconography, challenging differential diagnosis, and histopathological considerations associated with such rare connective tissue disorders. Syndromic forms should be carefully investigated for the different course and prognosis. Treatment is a major unsolved issue as aesthetic concerns are significant, especially in young adults

La teoria economica dell'associazionismo tra enti locali

La gestione associata di servizi locali riguarda tutte quelle forme di cooperazione tra enti locali che comportano una gestione unitaria di uno o piu' servizi ed e' anche uno degli strumenti principali per affrontare e cercare di risolvere il problema della polverizzazione dei piccoli comuni e della ripartizione delle competenze tra piu' livelli di governo. Infatti, la costruzione di un efficiente sistema di governo decentrato richiede la presenza di attori locali adeguati e quindi, data la prevalenza nel nostro paese di comuni di piccole dimensioni, la via della gestione unitaria dei servizi per piu' enti locali sembra essere quella da perseguire. Tra le forme associative previste dal Testo unico delle leggi sull'ordinamento degli enti locali per la gestione associata di servizi si annoverano le convenzioni, i consorzi, le unioni di comuni, l'esercizio associato di funzioni e gli accordi di programma. In questo lavoro l'analisi e' focalizzata sull'unione, che sembra essere considerata dalla maggior parte degli studiosi lo strumento piu' adeguato a rivitalizzare i comuni di minori dimensioni. Inoltre, all'interno del concetto piu' ampio di aggregazione abbiamo tenuta separata la fusione, da intendersi tra giurisdizioni dello stesso livello, e la cooperazione, che puo' essere orizzontale o verticale. Nel discutere di questi temi le questioni economiche che abbiamo considerato riguardano le economie di scala, le economie di varieta' , l'equivalenza fiscale e gli effetti di traboccamento, a cui si puo' aggiungere la problematica connessa con la semplificazione amministrativa e con i costi di adempimento che la pubblica amministrazione, nel suo complesso, impone agli operatori.

Anomalous vascularization in a Wnt medulloblastoma: A case report

BACKGROUND: Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. To date only few cases of medulloblastoma with hemorrhages have been reported in the literature. Although some studies speculate on the pathogenesis of this anomalous increased vascularization in medulloblastoma, the specific mechanism is still far from clearly understood. A correlation between molecular medulloblastoma subgroups and hemorrhagic features has not been reported, although recent preliminary studies described that WNT-subtype tumors display increased vascularization and hemorrhaging. CASE PRESENTATION: Herein, we describe a child with a Wnt-medulloblastoma presenting as cerebellar-vermian hemorrhagic lesion. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed the presence of a midline posterior fossa mass with a cystic hemorrhagic component. The differential diagnosis based on imaging included cavernous hemangioma, arteriovenous malformation and traumatic lesion. At surgery, the tumor appeared richly vascularized as documented by the preoperative angiography. CONCLUSIONS: The case we present showed that Wnt medulloblastoma may be associated with anomalous vascularization. Further studies are needed to elucidate if there is a link between the hypervascularization and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation and if this abnormal vasculature might influence drug penetration contributing to good prognosis of this medulloblastoma subgroup

Numb Isoforms Deregulation in Medulloblastoma and Role of p66 Isoform in Cancer and Neural Stem Cells

Numb is an intracellular protein with multiple functions. The two prevalent isoforms, Numb p66 and Numb p72, are regulators of differentiation and proliferation in neuronal development. Additionally, Numb functions as cell fate determinant of stem cells and cancer stem cells and its abnormal expression has been described in several types of cancer. Involvement of deregulated Numb expression has been described in the malignant childhood brain tumor medulloblastoma, while Numb isoforms in these tumors and in cancer stem-like cells derived from them, have not been studied to date. Here we show that medulloblastoma stem-like cells and cerebellar neuronal stem cells (NSCs) express Numb p66 where its expression tampers stemness features. Furthermore, medulloblastoma samples evaluated in this study express decreased levels of Numb p66 while overexpressed Numb p72 compared with normal tissues. Our results uncover different roles for the two major Numb isoforms examined in medulloblastoma and a critical role for Numb p66 in regulating stem-like cells and NSCs maintenance

Constraints on the symmetry energy and on neutron skins from the pygmy resonances in 68Ni and 132Sn

Correlations between the behavior of the nuclear symmetry energy, the neutron skins, and the percentage of energy-weighted sum rule (EWSR) exhausted by the Pygmy Dipole Resonance (PDR) in 68Ni and 132Sn have been investigated by using different Random Phase Approximation (RPA) models for the dipole response, based on a representative set of Skyrme effective forces plus meson-exchange effective Lagrangians. A comparison with the experimental data has allowed us to constrain the value of the derivative of the symmetry energy at saturation. The neutron skin radius is deduced under this constraint.Comment: Accepted for publication in PRC Rapid Comminicatio

El teorema fundamental del cálculo en la fundamentación del análisis y sus implicaciones pedagógicas

En el presente trabajo se investiga la evolución histórica del Teorema Fundamental del Cálculo (TFC), desde sus orígenes en el siglo XVII hasta su presentación en los siglos XX y XXI en los textos de cálculo. Se exponen las teorias de integración de Cauchy, Riemann y Lebesque y se estudia la importancia del TFC en estas tres teorias. Posteriormente se determinan las propiedades que debe satisfacer una función para que su derivada sea integrable, y se pueda aplicar el TFC. También se demuestran algunas generalizaciones del TFC. Finalmente se diseña una propuesta para la enseñanza de la derivada de las funciones trigonométricas inversas y las funciones trigonométricas basadas en el TFC, la geometría del círculo y la relación que existe entre una función y su inversa