Colorimetric analysis of outdoor illumination across varieties of atmospheric conditions

© 2016 [year] Optical Society of America.]. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modifications of the content of this paper are prohibited.Solar illumination at ground level is subject to a good deal of change in spectral and colorimetric properties. With an aim of understanding the influence of atmospheric components and phases of daylight on colorimetric specifications of downward radiation, more than 5,600,000 spectral irradiance functions of daylight, sunlight, and skylight were simulated by the radiative transfer code, SBDART [Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 79, 2101 (1998).], under the atmospheric conditions of clear sky without aerosol particles, clear sky with aerosol particles, and overcast sky. The interquartile range of the correlated color temperatures (CCT) for daylight indicated values from 5712 to 7757 K among the three atmospheric conditions. A minimum CCT of ∼3600 K was found for daylight when aerosol particles are present in the atmosphere. Our analysis indicated that hemispheric day-light with CCT less than 3600 K may be observed in rare conditions in which the level of aerosol is high in the atmosphere. In an atmosphere with aerosol particles, we also found that the chromaticity of daylight may shift along the green–purple direction of the Planckian locus, with a magnitude depending on the spectral extinction by aerosol particles and the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere. The data analysis showed that an extremely high value of CCT, in an atmosphere without aerosol particles, for daylight and skylight at low sun, is mainly due to the effect of Chappuis absorption band of ozone at ∼600 nm. In this paper, we compare our data with well-known observations from previous research, including the ones used by the CIE to define natural daylight illuminants.Andalusian Regional Government (P12-RNM-2409); Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology (CGL2013-45410-R); EU via the ACTRIS project (EU INFRA-2010-1.1.16-262254); Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (DPI2011-23202)

Combining transverse field detectors and color filter arrays to improve multispectral imaging systems

This work focuses on the improvement of a multispectral imaging sensor based on transverse field detectors (TFDs). We aimed to achieve a higher color and spectral accuracy in the estimation of spectral reflectances from sensor responses. Such an improvement was done by combining these recently developed silicon-based sensors with color filter arrays (CFAs). Consequently, we sacrificed the filter-less full spatial resolution property of TFDs to narrow down the spectrally broad sensitivities of these sensors.We designed and performed several experiments to test the influence of different design features on the estimation quality (type of sensor, tunability, interleaved polarization, use of CFAs, type of CFAs, number of shots), some of which are exclusive to TFDs.We compared systems that use a TFD with systems that use normal monochrome sensors, both combined with multispectral CFAs as well as common RGB filters present in commercial digital color cameras. Results showed that a system that combines TFDs and CFAs performs better than systems with the same type of multispectral CFA and other sensors, or even the same TFDs combined with different kinds of filters used in common imaging systems. We propose CFA+TFD-based systems with one or two shots, depending on the possibility of using longer capturing times or not. Improved TFD systems thus emerge as an interesting possibility for multispectral acquisition, which overcomes the limited accuracy found in previous studies.Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the research project DPI2011-2320

Band selection pipeline for maturity stage classification in bell peppers: From full spectrum to simulated camera data

This paper describes a workflow for classifying the maturity of bell peppers using hyperspectral imaging and machine learning. The approach involves using spectral reflectance to determine the number of maturity stages, followed by a classification task using the optimal bands for accurate classification. The study explores a realistic scenario using simulated camera responses and investigates the use of real sensors with their spectral sensitivities and noise. Four classifier algorithms (RBFNN, PLS-DA, SVM, and LDA) were employed to predict the maturity stage based on spectral reflectance. The best results were achieved with the LDA algorithm, which was used in the optimization process for band selection. The optimized bands in the VISNIR range (400–1000 nm) were found to be [783.5, 844.1, and 905.4] nm, with an accuracy of 90.67% for spectral data. For camera responses with intermediate-level noise, the best bands were [760, 820, and 900 nm], achieving an accuracy of 81%. Overall, using three bands yielded satisfactory and practical results for real-world implementation.Universidad de Granada/CBU

Total domination in plane triangulations

Preprin

Central regional de autobuses interurbanos con localización en la ciudad de Matamoros, Puebla

"Contribuir al descongestionamiento vehicular de transporte y reducir la contaminación auditiva, visual y ambiental, proporcionando seguridad y tranquilidad al peatón en la zona centro de Izúcar de Matamoros a través de un proyecto arquitectónico denominado Centro Regional de Autobuses Interurbanos de Izúcar de Matamoros, localizándolo fuera del área centro e integrando las lineas de transporte publico foráneo, de una manera sustentable. Diseñar un espacio de calidad para el servicio de transporte al municipio en base a los reglamentos respectivos proponiendo instalaciones con sistemas ecotécnicos como paneles solares que aporten al ahorro de energía. Proponer una ubicación adecuada y centralizar las lenas de autobuses foráneas mediante el análisis de la estructura urbana y vial del municipio, así como las características socioeconómicas de la población.

Dimensión métrica y dimensión métrica tolerante en grafos MOP.

En este trabajo estudiamos la dimensión métrica y la dimensión métrica tolerante en grafos periplanos maximales. Concretamente, damos cotas ajustadas de ambos parámetros y caracterizamos los grafos que alcanzan las cotas inferiores.Postprint (author's final draft

Administración de servicios para la solución de necesidades en GNU/Linux con Zentyal server 6.2

Este artículo contiene los aspectos fundamentales ejecutados en el desarrollo del paso 8 del curso Diplomado de profundización en Linux, se ejecuta la instalación del sistema operativo Zentyal Server y a través de este se administran los servicios de DHCP, DNS, Controlador de Dominio, Proxy no transparente, cortafuegos, File Server, Print Server y VPN. Las temáticas se abordaron de manera individual con la instalación por parte de cada estudiante de una máquina virtual sobre la cual se desarrollaron las respectivas configuraciones y administración de servicios, para las pruebas con equipos clientes se utilizaron máquinas virtuales con el sistema operativo Ubuntu, se lograron abordar las 5 temáticas utilizando las herramientas propuestas y se documentaron todos los procesos.This article contains the fundamental aspects executed in the development of step 8 of the Linux Deepening Diploma course, the installation of the Zentyal Server operating system is executed and through this the services of DHCP, DNS, Domain Controller, non-transparent Proxy are managed. , Firewall, File Server, Print Server and VPN. The topics were addressed individually with the installation by each student of a virtual machine on which the specific configurations and service management were developed, for the tests with client computers, virtual machines with the Ubuntu operating system were used, address the 5 themes using the proposed tools and all processes were documented

Seedling competition between Pennisetum setaceum (Poaceae) and three native weeds of La Primavera wood, Guadalajara, Jalisco (México)

Pennisetum setaceum (Forssk.) Chiov., 1923 is an exotic grass from the Arabian Peninsula that has been very successful as an ornamental plant worldwide in recent years. Unfortunately, it has proved to be a very competitive invader, causing ecological problems in several regions of the world. We don't know exactly how this species interacts with native weeds in Mexico. Our study aims to show the interactions of Pennisetum with three species of native weeds in the surroundings of the metropolitan area of Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico: Aeschynomene villosa var. longifolia (Micheli) Rudd, Desmodium aparines (Link) DC. and Paspalum notatum (Flüggé). The seeds of Pennisetum were tested in monospecific groups (competing against itself) and in association with each of the native species mentioned and with a treatment together with all the compound of the species mentioned, thus simulating what could happen in natural conditions upon the arrival of the seeds of P. setaceum in a degraded soil of Guadalajara. The results show how the biomass produced and the speed of growth of Pennisetum can be a real alarm for the conservation of local germplasm

Amphiphilic-like carbon dots as antitumoral drug vehicles and phototherapeutical agents

The work was financially supported by the Spanish institutions Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (PGC2018-098770-B-I00 and CTQ2017-86125-P) and Junta de Andalucia (ProgramaOperativo FEDER 2014-2020, grants B-FQM-141-UGR18, A1-FQM-341-UGR-18, C-FQM-497-UGR18).Water-insoluble carbon dots are recognized as promising materials, although their applications in nanomedicine are rarely explored, despite their lipophilic character and foreseen compatibility with biological membranes. In this article, we exploit the anhydride functionalization of carbon dots obtained by thermolysis of citric acid to synthesize amphiphilic-like carbon dots (LCDs) by reaction with alkyl amines. A differential feature of this approach is that the hydrophobicity of LCDs is a balance between the ionization of the carboxylic groups resulting from the reaction and the hydrophobicity from the grafted amines. The alkyl chains allow LCDs to entrap hydrophobic molecules and the ionization of the carboxylic groups increases the hydrosolubility, permitting the transfer between organic and aqueous phases. The biomedical interest of these features is illustrated by analyzing the application of LCDs as carriers of the drug campothecin and their evaluation on a battery of cancer cell lines, as well as the transformation of LCDs into a phototherapeutic agent by the formation of a complex with IR780 dye. Results demonstrate that LCDs behave as nanocarriers in a manner that resembles other supramolecular hosts with two differential features: (i) the length of the alkyl chains determines the size of the hosted guest, and (ii) the hydrosolubility of the complex can be modulated by pH.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades PGC2018-098770-B-I00 CTQ2017-86125-PJunta de Andalucia B-FQM-141-UGR18 A1-FQM-341-UGR-18 C-FQM-497-UGR1