Impactos Arizona SB 1070 sobre o Stress, de Fixação e de Escola Graus de Estudantes Americanos Mexicanos

Understanding the impacts of immigration legislation on Mexican ethnic students who are citizens of the United States is needed. This study investigates how passage of Arizona’s anti-immigration law, SB 1070, in 2010 bears upon the schooling experiences of Mexican American high school students. Applying Meyer’s Minority Stress Model as the theoretical foundation for this work, the authors ultimately explore, 1) whether perceived discrimination along with acculturation, racial phenotype, familiarity and stress associated with SB 1070 influence school grades, and 2) the effects of SB 1070 stress on the school attachment of Mexican American high school students. The authors find that perceived discrimination and skin color are both negatively related to grades, whereas maintaining Spanish is positively related to grades, and SB 1070 stress and its effects are dependent upon levels of perceived discrimination. Likewise, while the authors find no relation of SB 1070 stress to school attachment, they do find that this relationship is moderated by perceived discrimination such that school attachment decreases as stress associated with SB 1070 increases for individuals with lower perceived discrimination. For individuals with high levels of perceived discrimination, there is a positive association between school attachment and SB 1070 stress. By impacting their acculturative stress, Arizona’s SB 1070 has further upset an already precarious schooling experience for Mexican American students. Son necesarios estudios que comprendan los impactos de las leyes de inmigración sobre los estudiantes mexicanos que son ciudadanos de los Estados Unidos. Este estudio investiga cómo la ley anti-inmigrante de Arizona, SB 1070, en 2010 influye sobre las experiencias escolares de los estudiantes mexicanos de secundaria en los EEUU. Utilizando el Modelo de Estrés de Minorías de Meyer como el fundamento teórico de este trabajo, los autores exploran, 1) si la percepción de discriminación junto con la aculturación, fenotipo racial, familiaridad y el estrés asociado con la SB 1070 afectan las notas escolares y 2) los efectos de la ley SB 1070 en el apego hacia la escuela de los estudiantes mexicanos de secundaria estadounidenses. Los autores encuentran que la discriminación percibida y color de la piel se relacionan negativamente con las notas, mientras que el mantenimiento de Español está positivamente relacionada con los notas, y el estrés y los efectos de la SB 1070 dependen de los niveles de discriminación percibida. Del mismo modo, mientras que los autores no encuentran relación entre estrés de la SB 1070 y el apego a la escuela, encuentran que esta relación es moderada por la discriminación percibida y que el apego escolar disminuye a medida que el estrés asociado con la SB 1070 aumenta para los individuos con menor percepción de discriminación. Para las personas con altos niveles de discriminación, hay una asociación positiva entre el apego escolar y SB 1070 estrés. Impactando el estrés por aculturación, SB 1070 de Arizona genera una experiencia escolar aún más incomoda a la ya precaria experiencia de los estudiantes mexicoamericanos.São necessários estudos para entender os impactos das leis de imigração sobre os estudantes mexicanos que são cidadãos dos Estados Unidos. Este estudo investiga como a lei anti-imigrante Arizona SB 1070 de 2010 influenciou as experiências escolares dos alunos do ensino médio mexicanos dos EUA. Usando o Modelo Estresse de Minorias do Meyer como  fundamentação teórica, os autores exploram 1) se a percepção de discriminação, aculturação, fenótipo racial, familiaridade e estresse associado com a SB 1070 afeta as notas escolares e 2) os efeitos da SB 1070 sobre o apego à escola de estudantes mexicanos do ensino médio americano. Os autores descobriram que a discriminação percebida e cor da pele se relacionam negativamente com as notas, manter o espanhol se relaciona positivamente com as notas, e estresse e os efeitos da SB 1070 dependerá dos níveis de discriminação percebida. Da mesma forma, enquanto os autores não encontraram nenhuma relação entre o estresse do SB 1070 e apego à escola, eles acham que essa relação é moderada por a percepção de discriminação e o apego escolar diminui à medida que o estresse associado com a SB 1070 aumenta para os indivíduos com menor percepção de discriminação. Para as pessoas com altos níveis de discriminação, há uma associação positiva entre o apego escolar e o stress da SB 1070. Impactando os níveis de estresse e aculturação, a lei Arizona SB 1070 cria uma experiência escolar ainda mais desconfortável para a já precária experiência dos estudantes americanos mexicanos

IAA : Información y actualidad astronómica (49)

Sumario : El método Doppler y la estrella Próxima Centauri.-- Las estrellas ¡laten!.-- Dinámica de los sistemas planetarios.-- FRBs: fuentes transitorias sin un origen claro.-- DECONSTRUCCIÓN Y otros ENSAYOS. El proyecto CALIFA.-- CIENCIA EN HISTORIAS...Maria Assumpció Catalá i Poch.-- EL “MOBY DICK” DE... Emilio J. Alfaro (IAA).-- ACTUALIDAD.-- ENTRE BASTIDORES...Brexit, ¿ejemplo de incultura científica?.-- SALA LIMPIA.-- CIENCIA: PILARES E INCERTIDUMBRES. Puntos brillantes en la superficie del Sol.La página web de esta revista ha sido financiada por la Sociedad Española de Astronomía (SEA).N

A distinctive requirement for p53 in the genome protective Topoisomerase 2a-dependent G2 arrest in hTERT positive cancer cells

Topoisomerase 2a (Topo2a)-dependent G2 arrest engenders faithful segregation of sister chromatids, yet in certain tumor cell lines where this arrest is dysfunctional, a PKCε-dependent failsafe pathway can be triggered. Here we elaborate on recent advances in understanding the underlying mechanisms associated with this G2 arrest by determining that p53-p21 signaling is essential for efficient arrest in cell lines, in patient-derived cells, and in colorectal cancer organoids. Regulation of this p53 axis required the SMC5/6 complex, which is distinct from the p53 pathways observed in the DNA damage response. Topo2a inhibition specifically during S phase did not trigger G2 arrest despite affecting completion of DNA replication. Moreover, in cancer cells reliant upon the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) mechanism, a distinct form of Topo2a-dependent, p53-independent G2 arrest was found to be mediated by BLM and Chk1. Importantly, the previously described PKCε-dependent mitotic failsafe was engaged in hTERT-positive cells when Topo2a-dependent G2 arrest was dysfunctional and where p53 was absent, but not in cells dependent on the ALT mechanism. In PKCε knockout mice, p53 deletion elicited tumors were less aggressive than in PKCε-replete animals and exhibited a distinct pattern of chromosomal rearrangements. This evidence suggests the potential of exploiting synthetic lethality in arrest-defective hTERT-positive tumors through PKCε-directed therapeutic intervention.SignificanceThe identification of a requirement for p53 in stringent Topo2a-dependent G2 arrest and engagement of PKCε failsafe pathways in arrest-defective hTERT-positive cells provides a therapeutic opportunity to induce selective synthetic lethality

Large carnivore expansion in Europe is associated with human population density and land cover changes

Aim: The recent recovery of large carnivores in Europe has been explained as resulting from a decrease in human persecution driven by widespread rural land abandonment, paralleled by forest cover increase and the consequent increase in availability of shelter and prey. We investigated whether land cover and human population density changes are related to the relative probability of occurrence of three European large carnivores: the grey wolf (Canis lupus), the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) and the brown bear (Ursus arctos).Location: Europe, west of 64 degrees longitude.Methods: We fitted multi-temporal species distribution models using >50,000 occurrence points with time series of land cover, landscape configuration, protected areas, hunting regulations and human population density covering a 24-year period (1992-2015). Within the temporal window considered, we then predicted changes in habitat suitability for large carnivores throughout Europe.Results: Between 1992 and 2015, the habitat suitability for the three species increased in Eastern Europe, the Balkans, North-West Iberian Peninsula and Northern Scandinavia, but showed mixed trends in Western and Southern Europe. These trends were primarily associated with increases in forest cover and decreases in human population density, and, additionally, with decreases in the cover of mosaics of cropland and natural vegetation.Main conclusions: Recent land cover and human population changes appear to have altered the habitat suitability pattern for large carnivores in Europe, whereas protection level did not play a role. While projected changes largely match the observed recovery of large carnivore populations, we found mismatches with the recent expansion of wolves in Central and Southern Europe, where factors not included in our models may have played a dominant role. This suggests that large carnivores' co-existence with humans in European landscapes is not limited by habitat availability, but other factors such as favourable human tolerance and policy

The impact of Mn nonstoichiometry on the oxygen mass transport properties of La0.8Sr0.2MnyO3±δ thin films

Oxygen mass transport in perovskite oxides is relevant for a variety of energy and information technologies. In oxide thin films, cation nonstoichiometry is often found but its impact on the oxygen transport properties is not well understood. Here, we used oxygen isotope exchange depth profile technique coupled with secondary ion mass spectrometry to study oxygen mass transport and the defect compensation mechanism of Mn-deficient La0.8Sr0.2Mn (y) O-3 +/-delta epitaxial thin films. Oxygen diffusivity and surface exchange coefficients were observed to be consistent with literature measurements and to be independent on the degree of Mn deficiency in the layers. Defect chemistry modeling, together with a collection of different experimental techniques, suggests that the Mn-deficiency is mainly compensated by the formation of La-x(Mn) antisite defects. The results highlight the importance of antisite defects in perovskite thin films for mitigating cationic nonstoichiometry effects on oxygen mass transport properties

Improving Scientific Knowledge of Mallorca Channel Seamounts (Western Mediterranean) within the Framework of Natura 2000 Network

The scientific exploration of Mallorca Channel seamounts (western Mediterranean) is improving the knowledge of the Ses Olives (SO), Ausias March (AM), and Emile Baudot (EB) seamounts for their inclusion in the Natura 2000 network. The aims are to map and characterize benthic species and habitats by means of a geological and biological multidisciplinary approach: high-resolution acoustics, sediment and rock dredges, beam trawl, bottom trawl, and underwater imagery. Among the seamounts, 15 different morphological features were differentiated, highlighting the presence of 4000 pockmarks, which are seafloor rounded depressions indicators of focused fluid flow escapes, usually gas and/or water, from beneath the seabed sediments. So far, a total of 547 species or taxa have been inventoried, with sponges, fishes, mollusks, and crustaceans the most diverse groups including new taxa and new geographical records. Up to 29 categories of benthic habitats have been found, highlighting those included in the Habitats Directive: maërl beds on the summits of AM and EB, pockmarks around the seamounts and coral reefs in their rocky escarpments as well as fields of Isidella elongata on sedimentary bathyal bottoms. Trawling is the main demersal fishery developed around SO and AM, which are targeted to deep water crustaceans: Parapenaeus longirostris, Nephrops norvegicus, and Aristeus antennatus. This study provides scientific information for the proposal of the Mallorca Channel seamounts as a Site of Community Importance and for its final declaration as a Special Area of Conservation

Precursors of the RNA-world in space: Detection of (ZZ)-1,2-ethenediol in the interstellar medium, a key intermediate in sugar formation

We present the first detection of ($Z$)-1,2-ethenediol, (CHOH)$_2$, the enol form of glycolaldehyde, in the interstellar medium towards the G+0.693-0.027 molecular cloud located in the Galactic Center. We have derived a column density of (1.8$\pm$0.1)$\times$10$^{13}$ cm$^{-2}$, which translates into a molecular abundance with respect to molecular hydrogen of 1.3$\times$10$^{-10}$. The abundance ratio between glycolaldehyde and ($Z$)-1,2-ethenediol is $\sim$5.2. We discuss several viable formation routes through chemical reactions from precursors such as HCO, H$_2$CO, CHOH or CH$_2$CHOH. We also propose that this species might be an important precursor in the formation of glyceraldehyde (HOCH$_2$CHOHCHO) in the interstellar medium through combination with the hydroxymethylene (CHOH) radical.Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Letter

Autoantibodies against the immunodominant sCha epitope discriminate the risk of sudden death in chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy

In Chagas disease (ChD) caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, new biomarkers to predict chronic cardiac pathology are urgently needed. Previous studies in chagasic patients with mild symptomatology showed that antibodies against the immunodominant R3 epitope of sCha, a fragment of the human basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor like 5, correlated with cardiac pathology. To validate sCha as a biomarker and to understand the origin of anti-sCha antibodies, we conducted a multicenter study with several cohorts of chagasic patients with severe cardiac symptomatology. We found that levels of antibodies against sCha discriminated the high risk of sudden death, indicating they could be useful for ChD prognosis. We investigated the origin of the antibodies and performed an alanine scan of the R3 epitope. We identified a minimal epitope MRQLD, and a BLAST search retrieved several T. cruzi antigens. Five of the hits had known or putative functions, of which phosphonopyruvate decarboxylase showed the highest cross-reactivity with sCha, confirming the role of molecular mimicry in the development of anti-sCha antibodies. Altogether, we demonstrate that the development of antibodies against sCha, which originated by molecular mimicry with T. cruzi antigens, could discriminate electrocardiographic alterations associated with a high risk of sudden death.Ministerio de Economía y competitividad and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (SAF2015-63868-R (MINECO/FEDER) to N.G., and SAF2016-75988-R (MINECO/FEDER) to M.F.); Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades-Agencia Estatal de Investigación and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (PGC2018-096132-BI00 (MICINN/FEDER) to N.G.); Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Banco de Santander Inter-University Cooperation Grant with Latin América (CEAL-AL/2015-12 to N.G.); Red de Investigación de Centros de Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET RD12/0018/0004 to M.F.); and Comunidad de Madrid (S-2010/BMD-2332 to M.F.). CBMSO institutional grants from Fundación Ramón Areces and Banco de Santande