Spin Transition Sensors Based on β-Amino-Acid 1,2,4-Triazole Derivative

A β-aminoacid ester was successfully derivatized to yield to 4H-1,2-4-triazol-4-yl-propionate (βAlatrz) which served as a neutral bidentate ligand in the 1D coordination polymer [Fe(βAlatrz)3](CF3SO3)2·0.5H2O (1·0.5H2O). The temperature dependence of the high-spin molar fraction derived from 57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy recorded on cooling below room temperature reveals an exceptionally abrupt single step transition between high-spin and low-spin states with a hysteresis loop of width 4 K (Tc↑ = 232 K and Tc↓ = 228 K) in agreement with magnetic susceptibility measurements. The material presents striking reversible thermochromism from white, at room temperature, to pink on quench cooling to liquid nitrogen, and acts as an alert towards temperature variations. The phase transition is of first order, as determined by differential scanning calorimetry, with transition temperatures matching the ones determined by SQUID and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The freshly prepared sample of 1·0.5H2O, dried in air, was subjected to annealing at 390 K, and the obtained white compound [Fe(βAlatrz)3](CF3SO3)2 (1) was found to exhibit a similar spin transition curve however much temperature was increased by (Tc↑ = 252 K and Tc↓ = 248 K). The removal of lattice water molecules from 1·0.5H2O is not accompanied by a change of the morphology and of the space group, and the chain character is preserved. However, an internal pressure effect stabilizing the low-spin state is evidenced

Effects of fluoxetine on functional outcomes after acute stroke (FOCUS): a pragmatic, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial

Background Results of small trials indicate that fluoxetine might improve functional outcomes after stroke. The FOCUS trial aimed to provide a precise estimate of these effects. Methods FOCUS was a pragmatic, multicentre, parallel group, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial done at 103 hospitals in the UK. Patients were eligible if they were aged 18 years or older, had a clinical stroke diagnosis, were enrolled and randomly assigned between 2 days and 15 days after onset, and had focal neurological deficits. Patients were randomly allocated fluoxetine 20 mg or matching placebo orally once daily for 6 months via a web-based system by use of a minimisation algorithm. The primary outcome was functional status, measured with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), at 6 months. Patients, carers, health-care staff, and the trial team were masked to treatment allocation. Functional status was assessed at 6 months and 12 months after randomisation. Patients were analysed according to their treatment allocation. This trial is registered with the ISRCTN registry, number ISRCTN83290762. Findings Between Sept 10, 2012, and March 31, 2017, 3127 patients were recruited. 1564 patients were allocated fluoxetine and 1563 allocated placebo. mRS data at 6 months were available for 1553 (99·3%) patients in each treatment group. The distribution across mRS categories at 6 months was similar in the fluoxetine and placebo groups (common odds ratio adjusted for minimisation variables 0·951 [95% CI 0·839–1·079]; p=0·439). Patients allocated fluoxetine were less likely than those allocated placebo to develop new depression by 6 months (210 [13·43%] patients vs 269 [17·21%]; difference 3·78% [95% CI 1·26–6·30]; p=0·0033), but they had more bone fractures (45 [2·88%] vs 23 [1·47%]; difference 1·41% [95% CI 0·38–2·43]; p=0·0070). There were no significant differences in any other event at 6 or 12 months. Interpretation Fluoxetine 20 mg given daily for 6 months after acute stroke does not seem to improve functional outcomes. Although the treatment reduced the occurrence of depression, it increased the frequency of bone fractures. These results do not support the routine use of fluoxetine either for the prevention of post-stroke depression or to promote recovery of function. Funding UK Stroke Association and NIHR Health Technology Assessment Programme

Catalyseurs à base d’oxyde de manganèse pour l’oxydation en voie humide catalytique de la méthylamine

Heterogeneous manganese based oxide associated to titanium, zirconium or cerium dioxide catalysts (Mn-Ti-O, Mn-Zr-O and Mn-Ce-O) were prepared using different synthesis route and evaluated in the Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation (CWAO) of methylamine. Various synthesis routes were investigated to prepare the catalysts, especially the sol-gel method using block copolymers, the nano-casting approach in mesoporous silicate templates and the solvothermal synthesis. Introduction of manganese was achieved in two different ways: either ab initio, from the beginning of the synthesis or a posteriori via impregnation of the support with a manganese precursor. If the textural properties of these materials are almost unchanged after reaction, an important segregation of the manganese was sometime observed. These catalysts were evaluated in the CWAO of methylamine, a model nitrogen-containing organic molecule. All catalysts were active in the degradation of methylamine. However, those combining manganese and cerium were performing much better than the manganese-zirconium and manganese-titanium ones. Two degradation pathways were evidenced. Whatever the catalyst, the first degradation route led to the formation of NH4 +, HCOO-, NO2 - and NO3 - ions in the aqueous phase. Ammonium and formate ions were produced in equimolar amount at the beginning of the reaction and appeared as primary products. Ammonium ions were refractory toward further oxidation and accumulated in the reaction mixture, while formate ions were totally mineralized to CO2 and H2O by the end of the reaction. Nitrite and nitrate ions were detected in trace amount. The second pathway would directly and mainly lead to N2 and CO2, without any intermediate compound being detected in the liquid phase. This last pathway would account for 50% of the degradation of methylamine. At the end of the reaction, the carbon fraction in methylamine was totally mineralized to CO2 and the selectivity in molecular nitrogen reached up to 50%Des catalyseurs hétérogènes à base d'oxydes de manganèse associés aux dioxydes de titane, zirconium et cérium (Mn-Ti-O, Mn-Zr-O et Mn-Ce-O) ont été préparés par différentes voies de synthèse et évalués dans l'Oxydation en Voie Humide Catalytique (OVHC) de la méthylamine. Diverses voies de synthèse ont été explorées pour la préparation de ces catalyseurs, notamment une voie sol-gel mettant en oeuvre des copolymères à bloc, une voie de nanomoulage dans des moules de silice mésoporeuse et une voie solvothermale. L'insertion du manganèse a été réalisée de deux manières : soit ab initio dès le début de la synthèse, soit a posteriori par imprégnation d'un support préalablement formé avec un précurseur de manganèse. Des oxydes mixtes mésoporeux ou des oxydes de manganèse supportés sur des oxydes mésoporeux de Ti, Zr et Ce ont été réalisés. Si la texture de ces matériaux est relativement préservée, d'importantes ségrégations du manganèse ont parfois été observées après réaction. Ces catalyseurs ont été évalués dans l'OVHC de la méthylamine, une molécule organique azotée prise pour modèle. Ils sont tous actifs dans la dégradation de la méthylamine. Toutefois, ceux associant le manganèse au cérium sont les plus performants, devant les matériaux manganèse-zirconium et manganèse-titane. Deux voies de dégradation de la méthylamine ont été mises en évidence. Quel que soit le catalyseur, la première voie mène à la formation d'ions NH4 +, HCOO-, NO2 - et NO3 - présents en phase aqueuse. Les ions ammonium et formiates, formés en quantités équimolaires en tout début de réaction, sont des produits primaires de cette réaction. Les ions ammonium sont réfractaires à l'oxydation et s'accumulent dans le milieu réactionnel alors que les ions formiates sont complètement minéralisés en CO2 et H2O en fin de réaction. Nitrites et nitrates sont détectés à l'état de traces. La deuxième voie conduit directement et très majoritairement à N2 et CO2, sans qu'aucun autre composé ne soit détecté intermédiairement en phase liquide. Cette dernière voie peut représenter jusqu'à 50% de la dégradation de la méthylamine. En fin de réaction, la totalité de la fraction carbonée de la méthylamine a été minéralisée en CO2 et la sélectivité en diazote atteint jusqu'à 50

Manganese-based oxides catalysts for the catalytic wet air oxidation of methylamine-containing aqueous effluent

Des catalyseurs hétérogènes à base d'oxydes de manganèse associés aux dioxydes de titane, zirconium et cérium (Mn-Ti-O, Mn-Zr-O et Mn-Ce-O) ont été préparés par différentes voies de synthèse et évalués dans l'Oxydation en Voie Humide Catalytique (OVHC) de la méthylamine. Diverses voies de synthèse ont été explorées pour la préparation de ces catalyseurs, notamment une voie sol-gel mettant en oeuvre des copolymères à bloc, une voie de nanomoulage dans des moules de silice mésoporeuse et une voie solvothermale. L'insertion du manganèse a été réalisée de deux manières : soit ab initio dès le début de la synthèse, soit a posteriori par imprégnation d'un support préalablement formé avec un précurseur de manganèse. Des oxydes mixtes mésoporeux ou des oxydes de manganèse supportés sur des oxydes mésoporeux de Ti, Zr et Ce ont été réalisés. Si la texture de ces matériaux est relativement préservée, d'importantes ségrégations du manganèse ont parfois été observées après réaction. Ces catalyseurs ont été évalués dans l'OVHC de la méthylamine, une molécule organique azotée prise pour modèle. Ils sont tous actifs dans la dégradation de la méthylamine. Toutefois, ceux associant le manganèse au cérium sont les plus performants, devant les matériaux manganèse-zirconium et manganèse-titane. Deux voies de dégradation de la méthylamine ont été mises en évidence. Quel que soit le catalyseur, la première voie mène à la formation d'ions NH4 +, HCOO-, NO2 - et NO3 - présents en phase aqueuse. Les ions ammonium et formiates, formés en quantités équimolaires en tout début de réaction, sont des produits primaires de cette réaction. Les ions ammonium sont réfractaires à l'oxydation et s'accumulent dans le milieu réactionnel alors que les ions formiates sont complètement minéralisés en CO2 et H2O en fin de réaction. Nitrites et nitrates sont détectés à l'état de traces. La deuxième voie conduit directement et très majoritairement à N2 et CO2, sans qu'aucun autre composé ne soit détecté intermédiairement en phase liquide. Cette dernière voie peut représenter jusqu'à 50% de la dégradation de la méthylamine. En fin de réaction, la totalité de la fraction carbonée de la méthylamine a été minéralisée en CO2 et la sélectivité en diazote atteint jusqu'à 50%Heterogeneous manganese based oxide associated to titanium, zirconium or cerium dioxide catalysts (Mn-Ti-O, Mn-Zr-O and Mn-Ce-O) were prepared using different synthesis route and evaluated in the Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation (CWAO) of methylamine. Various synthesis routes were investigated to prepare the catalysts, especially the sol-gel method using block copolymers, the nano-casting approach in mesoporous silicate templates and the solvothermal synthesis. Introduction of manganese was achieved in two different ways: either ab initio, from the beginning of the synthesis or a posteriori via impregnation of the support with a manganese precursor. If the textural properties of these materials are almost unchanged after reaction, an important segregation of the manganese was sometime observed. These catalysts were evaluated in the CWAO of methylamine, a model nitrogen-containing organic molecule. All catalysts were active in the degradation of methylamine. However, those combining manganese and cerium were performing much better than the manganese-zirconium and manganese-titanium ones. Two degradation pathways were evidenced. Whatever the catalyst, the first degradation route led to the formation of NH4 +, HCOO-, NO2 - and NO3 - ions in the aqueous phase. Ammonium and formate ions were produced in equimolar amount at the beginning of the reaction and appeared as primary products. Ammonium ions were refractory toward further oxidation and accumulated in the reaction mixture, while formate ions were totally mineralized to CO2 and H2O by the end of the reaction. Nitrite and nitrate ions were detected in trace amount. The second pathway would directly and mainly lead to N2 and CO2, without any intermediate compound being detected in the liquid phase. This last pathway would account for 50% of the degradation of methylamine. At the end of the reaction, the carbon fraction in methylamine was totally mineralized to CO2 and the selectivity in molecular nitrogen reached up to 50

How effective is enteroscopy?

SCOPUS: cp.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Catalytic wet air oxidation of methylamine over supported manganese dioxide catalysts

SSCI-VIDE+CARE+FSC:CDSInternational audienceCatalytic formulations based on manganese oxides supported on inorganic oxides were developed for the treatment of methylamine-containing aqueous effluents via catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO). Under the applied reaction conditions (190 degrees C, 50 bar total pressure) in the presence of heterogeneous beta-MnO2-supported catalysts, formate and ammonium ions were detected as primary products. As the reaction proceeded, a complete mineralization of formate ions was observed while ammonium ions accumulated in the reaction media. The catalytic formulations elaborated in this work were shown to be stable under the applied reaction conditions without any significant leaching of the active phase

Apport de l'entéroscopie dans la mise au point des hémorragies digestives d'origine obscure

SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

L'espace portuaire : statut et regles d'usage Guide des modes d'utilisation du domaine portuaire

SIGLEAvailable at INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : RP 12859 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Approches mecaniques globale et locale de la rupture du polycarbonate

SIGLEINIST T 71065 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Impact of ligand spacer and counter-anion in selected 1D iron(II) spin crossover coordination polymers

A new 1D coordination polymer [Fe(βAlatrz) 3](ClO 4) 2 {bullet operator} H 2O (1) with a neutral bidentate ligand, βAlatrz = 4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl-propionate, was prepared and its magnetic behavior was investigated by temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. The temperature dependence of the high-spin molar fraction derived from 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy recorded on cooling below room temperature reveals a gradual single step transition with T 1/2 = 173 K between high-spin and low-spin states in agreement with magnetic susceptibility measurements. 1 presents striking reversible thermochromism from white, at room temperature, to pink on quench cooling to liquid nitrogen. The phase transition is of first order as deduced from differential scanning calorimetry, with T 1/2 matching the one determined by both SQUID and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. A brief assessment has been made among closely related 1D coordination polymers to perceive the effect of ligand spacer length and anion effect on the spin crossover behavior of these new materials. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V