1er. Coloquio de educación para el diseño en la sociedad 5.0

Las memorias del 1er. Coloquio de Educación para el Diseño en la Sociedad 5.0 debenser entendidas como un esfuerzo colectivo de la comunidad de académicos de la División de Ciencias y Artes para el Diseño, que pone de manifiesto los retos y oportunidades que enfrenta la educación en diseño en un contexto de cambio acelerado y rompimiento de paradigmas.El evento se realizó el pasado mes de mayo de 2018 y se recibieron más de 50 ponencias por parte de las profesoras y profesores de la División.Las experiencias y/o propuestas innovadoras en cuanto a procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje que presentan los autores en cada uno de sus textos son una invitación a reflexionar sobre nuestra situación actual en la materia, y emprender acciones en la División para continuar brindando una educación de calidad en diseño a nuestras alumnas, alumnos y la sociedad.Adicionalmente, se organizaron tres conferencias magistrales sobre la situación actual de la educación en Diseño y de las Instituciones de Educación Superior, impartidas por el Mtro. Luis Sarale, profesor de la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo en Mendoza (Argentina), y Presidente en su momento, de la Red de Carreras de Diseño en Universidades Públicas Latinoamericanas (DISUR), el Dr. Romualdo López Zárate, Rector de la Unidad Azcapotzalco, así como del Mtro. Luis Antonio Rivera Díaz, Jefe de Departamento de Teoría y Procesos del Diseño de la División de la Ciencias de la Comunicación y Diseño, en la Unidad Cuajimalpa de nuestra institución.La publicación de estas memorias son un esfuerzo divisional, organizado desde la Coordinación de Docencia Divisional y la Coordinación de Tecnologías del Aprendizaje, del Conocimiento y la Comunicación, para contribuir a los objetivos planteados en el documento ACCIONES:Agenda CyAD2021, en particular al eje de Innovación Educativa. Es necesario impulsar a todos los niveles de la División espacios de discusión orientados a reflexionar sobre el presente y futuro en la educación del diseñador, que contribuya a mejorar la calidad de la docencia y favorezca al fortalecimiento de los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje.Finalmente, extiendo un amplio reconocimiento a todos los miembros de la División que hicieron posible este evento, así como a todos los ponentes y participantes por compartir su conocimiento para que la División sea cada día mejor

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Prospecção de moléculas-alvo para intervenção da interação planta-praga

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, 2006.O nematóide formador de galhas Meloidogyne incognita ("southern root-knot nematode", SRN) apresenta distribuição mundial, causando grandes perdas em várias culturas. Seu ciclo de vida compreende seis estádios de desenvolvimento (ovo, larva 1-4 e adulto). A larva L2, fase infectiva, penetra na raiz de planta hospedeira por força mecânica e degradação enzimática para, então, estabelecer a interação planta-patógeno. Em condições favoráveis, as larvas L2 se diferenciam em fêmeas adultas apomíticas, que completam o ciclo de vida após a deposição de mais de 2000 ovos. As práticas agrícolas atuais não são eficientes contra os fitonematóides, de modo que uma estratégia poderosa e promissora para o controle de nematóides é a produção de plantas transgênicas expressando moléculas que afetam o parasitismo. Proteinases são importantes alvos para o controle de nematóides e o primeiro capítulo descreve um estudo das ESTs codificadoras de aspártico, serino e cisteíno proteinases disponíveis em banco de dados, além da completa caracterização de cDNAs isolados anteriormente. Parece existir um abundância de ESTs de aspártico proteinases em fase larval, quando comparado com ovos e fêmeas. Apenas em bibliotecas de ovos se encontram ESTs de serino proteinase. Por outro lado, ESTs de cisteíno proteinase são as mais abundantes e são encontradas em todas as fases. O cDNA Mi-asp1 codifica uma catepsina D-tipo com vários ortólogos conhecidos em nematóides. Análises de expressão temporal e espacial mostram que Mi-asp1 seja mais transcrito em ovos, do que larvas L2 ou fêmeas, sugerindo um importante papel na embriogênese do nematóide. Já no segundo capítulo, objetivando a identificação de genes envolvidos na infecção e nos processos vitais, uma biblioteca de cDNAs foi construída a partir de mRNA de larvas L2, usando o "Superscript Plasmid System with Gateway Technology for cDNA Synthesis and Cloning" (Invitrogen). A biblioteca de ESTs apresentou 2.137 seqüências validadas com 17% de redundância, distribuídas em 1.506 singlets e 197 contigs, gerados de 631 ESTs. A anotação gênica foi obtida por comparação dos resultados do BLASTx (GenBank). A análise in silico das seqüências obtidas foi feita para predição funcional, agrupamento filogenético, predição de transferência horizontal gênica e determinação da importância na interação planta-patógeno. A predição da função gênica por classificação em categorias KOG demonstrou que várias seqüências são relacionadas com mecanismos de transdução de sinais (13%) e modificações pós-traducionais, renovação de proteínas, chaperonas (12%). Os trabalhos de validação de genes-alvo estão em andamento e incluem ensaios in vitro, in vivo e in planta. _______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe southern root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita (SRN) is worldwide distributed, causing great losses in several crops. Its life cycle comprises six developmental stages (egg, four juveniles and adult). The infective stage larva 2 (L2) enters the host root via mechanical force and enzymatic degradation, and establishes the host-pathogen interaction. Under favorable parasitism conditions the L2 differentiates into an apomitic female adult that resumes its life cycle by depositing up to 2000 eggs. Current agronomic traits are not effective against the SRN, so, a powerful and promising strategy to the nematode control is the production of transgenic plants expressing molecules that are able to hinder the infection process. In this way, the promising one is the anti-feeding strategy based upon digestive enzymes inhibition and the first chapter shows an analysis of EST encoding proteinase from the data bank, beyond the complete characterization of isolated cDNAs. Aspartic proteinase ESTs are more abundant in larval stages than eggs or females. Only eggs library showed serine proteinase ESTs. On the other hand, cysteine proteinase ESTs are the most abundant and are found in all life stages. The Mi-asp1 cDNA encodes a cathepsin D-like with several known nematode orthologues. Temporal and spatial expression analysis showed that Mi-asp1 is most transcribed in eggs than larva L2 or female, suggesting an important role during nematode embryogenesis. In the second chapter, in order to identify the genes involved in the infection and other vital processes, a cDNAs library was constructed from L2 mRNAs using the Superscript Plasmid System with Gateway Technology for cDNA Synthesis and Cloning (Invitrogen). Up to the moment, the L2 cDNA library was constructed, in which 2,137 valid sequences with 17% of redundancy, distributed in 1,506 singlets and 197 contigs, generated with 631 sequences. Sequence annotation was obtained by comparing BLASTx results (GenBank). In silico analysis of obtained sequences were performed functional prediction, phylogenetic grouping, horizontal-transferred genes prediction and determination of plant- pathogen interaction. Prediction of gene function by KOG categories classification demonstrated that several sequences are related to signal transduction mechanisms (13%) and postranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones (12%). Validation works are in test and include in vitro, in vivo and in planta assays

Meloidogyne incognita: molecular cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding a cathepsin D-like aspartic proteinase

Herein we describe the cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding an aspartic proteinase from the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Using PCR techniques, a 1471-bp cDNA fragment encoding a cathepsin D-like (Mi-asp1) transcript was isolated from second- stage larvae mRNA. Its predicted amino acid sequence comprises a pro-region of 71 amino acid residues and a mature protease of 378 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 41.502 kDa. Protein sequence comparisons of Mi-asp1 with GenBank ™ (DQ360827) sequences showed 59–71% identity with nematode- specific cathepsin D-like aspartic proteinases. Southern blot analysis, RT-PCR amplification and EST mining suggest the existence of a developmentally expressed gene family encoding aspartic proteinases in M. incognita. Mi-asp1 may represent a potential target for molecular intervention for the purposes of plant–parasitic nematode control

Knocking-down Meloidogyne incognita proteases by plant-delivered dsRNA has negative pleiotropic effect on nematode vigor

The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita causes serious damage and yield losses in numerous important crops worldwide. Analysis of the M. incognita genome revealed a vast number of proteases belonging to five different catalytic classes. Several reports indicate that M. incognita proteases could play important roles in nematode parasitism, besides their function in ordinary digestion of giant cell contents for feeding. The precise roles of these proteins during parasitism however are still unknown, making them interesting targets for gene silencing to address protein function. In this study we have knocked-down an aspartic (Mi-asp-1), a serine (Mi-ser-1) and a cysteine protease (Mi-cpl-1) by RNAi interference to get an insight into the function of these enzymes during a host/nematode interaction. Tobacco lines expressing dsRNA for Mi-ser-1 (dsSER), Mi-cpl-1 (dsCPL) and for the three genes together (dsFusion) were generated. Histological analysis of galls did not show clear differences in giant cell morphology. Interestingly, nematodes that infected plants expressing dsRNA for proteases produced a reduced number of eggs. In addition, nematode progeny matured in dsSER plants had reduced success in egg hatching, while progeny resulting from dsCPL and dsFusion plants were less successful to infect wild-type host plants. Quantitative PCR analysis confirmed a reduction in transcripts for Mi-cpl-1 and Mi-ser-1 proteases. Our results indicate that these proteases are possibly involved in different processes throughout nematode development, like nutrition, reproduction and embryogenesis. A better understanding of nematode proteases and their possible role during a plant-nematode interaction might help to develop new tools for phytonematode control

Characterization of novel Brazilian Bacillus thuringiensis strains active against Spodoptera frugiperda and other insect pests

Abstract: Brazilian strains of Bacillus thuringiensis, namely S701, S764 and S1265 were analysed regarding their cry gene and protein contents, crystal type, and activity against larvae of the lepidopteran fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda Smith), the velvet caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis), the dipterans (Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti) and the coleopteran (Tenebrio molitor). The LC50 of the strains against second instar larvae of S. frugiperda or A. gemmatalis revealed a high potency against those insect species. The spore–crystal mixtures of the isolates were analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and showed similar protein pattern as the B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain HD-1 (proteins approximately 130 and 65 kDa) for isolates S701 and S764, respectively, and only one major protein of approximately 130 kDa for isolate S1265. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using total DNA of the isolates and general and specific primers showed the presence of cry1Aa, cry1Ac, cry1Ia and cry2Ab genes in the two isolates serotyped as B. thuringiensis kurstaki (S701 and S764) and the presence of cry1D and cry2Ad in B. thuringiensis morrisoni S1265 strain. Scanning electron microscopy of strains S701 and S764, showed the presence of bipyramidal, cuboidal and round crystals, like in strain HD-1 and bipyramidal and round crystals like in strain S1265

Minc00344 and Mj-NULG1a effectors interact with GmHub10 protein to promote the soybean parasitism by Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica

International audienceSeveral economically important crops are susceptible to root-knot nematode (RKNs). Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica are the two most reported species from the RKN complex, causing damage to several crops worldwide. The successful outcome of the Meloidogyne-plant interaction is associated with molecular factors secreted by the nematode to suppress the plant's immune response and promote nematode parasitism. In contrast, several plant factors are associated with defense against nematode infection. In this study, we identified and characterized the specific interaction of Minc00344 and Mj-NULG1a effectors with soybean GmHub10 (Glyma.19G008200) protein in vitro and in vivo. An Arabidopsis thaliana T-DNA mutant of AtHub10 (AT3G27960, an orthologous gene of GmHub10) showed higher susceptibility to M. incognita. Thus, since soybean and A. thaliana Hub10 proteins are involved in pollen tube growth and indirect activation of the defense response, our data suggest that effector-Hub10 interactions could be associated with an increase in plant susceptibility. These findings indicate the potential of these effector proteins to develop new biotechnological tools based on RNA interference and the overexpression of engineered Hub10 proteins for the efficient management of RKN in crops