Occurrence and Dynamism of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Distinct Ecological Niches: A Multifaceted Functional Health Perspective

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are representative members of multiple ecosystems on earth, displaying dynamic interactions within animal and plant kingdoms in respect with other microbes. This highly heterogeneous phylogenetic group has coevolved with plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates, establishing either mutualism, symbiosis, commensalism, or even parasitism-like behavior with their hosts. Depending on their location and environment conditions, LAB can be dominant or sometimes in minority within ecosystems. Whatever their origins and relative abundance in specific anatomic sites, LAB exhibit multifaceted ecological and functional properties. While some resident LAB permanently inhabit distinct animal mucosal cavities, others are provided by food and may transiently occupy the gastrointestinal tract. It is admitted that the overall gut microbiome has a deep impact on health and diseases. Here, we examined the presence and the physiological role of LAB in the healthy human and several animal microbiome. Moreover, we also highlighted some dysbiotic states and related consequences for health, considering both the resident and the so-called “transionts” microorganisms. Whether LAB-related health effects act collectively or follow a strain-specificity dogma is also addressed. Besides the highly suggested contribution of LAB to interplay with immune, metabolic, and even brain-axis regulation, the possible involvement of LAB in xenobiotic detoxification processes and metal equilibrium is also tackled. Recent technological developments such as functional metagenomics, metabolomics, high-content screening and design in vitro and in vivo experimental models now open new horizons for LAB as markers applied for disease diagnosis, susceptibility, and follow-up. Moreover, identification of general and more specific molecular mechanisms based on antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and detoxifying properties of LAB currently extends their selection and promising use, either as probiotics, in traditional and functional foods, for dedicated treatments and mostly for maintenance of normobiosis and homeostasis

Complete Chromosome Sequence of Carnobacterium maltaromaticum LMA 28

Within the lactic acid bacterium genus Carnobacterium, Carnobacterium maltaromaticum is one of the most frequently isolated species from natural environments and food. It potentially plays a major role in food product biopreservation. We report here on the 3.649-Mb chromosome sequence of C. maltaromaticum LMA 28, which was isolated from ripened soft cheese

Dietary Patterns in European and Brazilian Adolescents: Comparisons and Associations with Socioeconomic Factors

Associations between dietary patterns (DP) and socioeconomic factors have been little explored in adolescents. The aim of this study was to identify DP in European and Brazilian adolescents and to investigate their associations with a range of socioeconomic indicators. Adolescents from the HELENA-study and the Household Budget Survey were analyzed. Factor analysis was used to obtain DP. Linear regression was used to examine the association between DP and SES. In Europeans, the Western DP was associated with low education of the mother, high socioeconomic status (boys), older age (boys), and living in cities of the Northern Europe; in Brazilians, the Western DP was associated with high secondary education of the mother, high socioeconomic status and living in Southern areas of the country. The Traditional European DP, in both genders, was associated with high secondary education of the mother and inversely associated with a high socioeconomic status; the Traditional Brazilian DP, was associated with university level education of the mother and older age (boys). The association between DP and socioeconomic factors is relevant for the understanding of food-related practices and highlight the importance of performing a complete assessment of the socioeconomic influence in adolescent’s DP from developed and developing countries.The HELENA study received funding from the European Union’s Sixth RTD Framework Programme (Contracts FOOD-CT-2007-036196-2 and FOODCT-2005-007034, respectively). Additional support was received from the Spanish Ministry of Education (AGL2007-29784-E/ALI), Axis-Shield Diagnostics Ltd. (Oslo, Norway), Abbot Científica S.A. (Spain). The HBS was funded by the Ministry of Health of Brazil (agreement number 4652/2005; grant number 25000.202044/2005-16). The funder contributed to the HBS design and conduct of the study. C.A.B. received a fellowship from the Brazilian Federal Agency (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior-CAPES) and A.M.S.P received financial support by Fundación Cuenca Villoro (Spain) both for the improvement of higher education. D.J.P was supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation—MINECO (RYC-2014-16938)

Advancing multi-vehicle deployments in oceanographic field experiments

Our research concerns the coordination and control of robotic vehicles for upper water-column oceanographic observations. In such an environment, operating multiple vehicles to observe dynamic oceanographic phenomena, such as ocean processes and marine life, from fronts to cetaceans, has required that we design, implement and operate software, methods and processes which can support opportunistic needs in real-world settings with substantial constraints. In this work, an approach for coordinated measurements using such platforms, which relate directly to task outcomes, is presented. We show the use and operational value of a new Artificial Intelligence based mixed-initiative system for handling multiple platforms along with the networked infrastructure support needed to conduct such operations in the open sea. We articulate the need and use of a range of middleware architectures, critical for such deployments and ground this in the context of a field experiment in open waters of the mid-Atlantic in the summer of 2015.Advancing multi-vehicle deployments in oceanographic field experimentsacceptedVersio

ARIA digital anamorphosis: Digital transformation of health and care in airway diseases from research to practice

Digital anamorphosis is used to define a distorted image of health and care that may be viewed correctly using digital tools and strategies. MASK digital anamorphosis represents the process used by MASK to develop the digital transformation of health and care in rhinitis. It strengthens the ARIA change management strategy in the prevention and management of airway disease. The MASK strategy is based on validated digital tools. Using the MASK digital tool and the CARAT online enhanced clinical framework, solutions for practical steps of digital enhancement of care are proposed

Création de gènes par réassortiment de modules : caractères chimérique et variable de cse, un gène impliqué dans la ségrégation cellulaire chez la bactérie Streptococcus thermophilus

A gene named cse and involved in cell segregation was identified in Streptococcus thermophilus. This gene encodes an extracellular protein which chimerical nature suggests it has been created by domain shuffling. Sequence analysis suggest that the fusion site of the gene fragments originating cse is localized inside a region of the gene which sequence is of low complexity, repeat rich and variable. It was demonstrated that this region can undergoes lot of changes without any consequences on cell segregation activity of the Cse protein. This allowed us to propose that the existence of intragenic sequences displaying variability and low complexity can favor new protein creation by domain shuffling.Nous avons identifié chez Streptococcusthermophilus un gène, nommé cse (Cell Segregation), qui est impliquée dans la ségrégation cellulaire. Ce gène qui code une protéine extracellulaire, présente un caractère chimérique suggèrant qu'il a été générée par réassortiment de fragments de gènes ou modules. Il semblerait que le site de fusion des fragments de gènes à l'origine de cse soit localisé à l'intérieur de la région centrale du gène cse dont la séquence est de faible complexité, riche en répétitions, et variable au niveau intraspécifique. Il a été montré que cette région peut subir d'importantes modifications de sa séquence sans que l'activité de ségrégation cellulaire de la protéine en soit affectée. Nous proposons que la présence, dans les gènes, de régions variables et de faible complexité favorise la génération de nouvelles protéines actives par réassortiment de domaines

Création de gènes par réassortiment de modules (caractères chimérique et variable de cse, un gène impliqué dans la ségrégation cellulaire chez la bactérie Streptococcus thermophilus)

Nous avons identifié chez Streptococcusthermophilus un gène, nommé cse (Cell Segregation), qui est impliquée dans la ségrégation cellulaire. Ce gène qui code une protéine extracellulaire, présente un caractère chimérique suggèrant qu'il a été générée par réassortiment de fragments de gènes ou modules. Il semblerait que le site de fusion des fragments de gènes à l'origine de cse soit localisé à l'intérieur de la région centrale du gène cse dont la séquence est de faible complexité, riche en répétitions, et variable au niveau intraspécifique. Il a été montré que cette région peut subir d'importantes modifications de sa séquence sans que l'activité de ségrégation cellulaire de la protéine en soit affectée. Nous proposons que la présence, dans les gènes, de régions variables et de faible complexité favorise la génération de nouvelles protéines actives par réassortiment de domaines.A gene named cse and involved in cell segregation was identified in Streptococcus thermophilus. This gene encodes an extracellular protein which chimerical nature suggests it has been created by domain shuffling. Sequence analysis suggest that the fusion site of the gene fragments originating cse is localized inside a region of the gene which sequence is of low complexity, repeat rich and variable. It was demonstrated that this region can undergoes lot of changes without any consequences on cell segregation activity of the Cse protein. This allowed us to propose that the existence of intragenic sequences displaying variability and low complexity can favor new protein creation by domain shuffling.NANCY1-SCD Sciences & Techniques (545782101) / SudocSudocFranceF