Diabetic ketoacidosis-associated stroke in children and youth

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a state of severe insulin deficiency, either absolute or relative, resulting in hyperglycemia and ketonemia. Although possibly underappreciated, up to 10 of cases of intracerebral complications associated with an episode of DKA, and/or its treatment, in children and youth are due to hemorrhage or ischemic brain infarction. Systemic inflammation is present in DKA, with resultant vascular endothelial perturbation that may result in coagulopathy and increased hemorrhagic risk. Thrombotic risk during DKA is elevated by abnormalities in coagulation factors, platelet activation, blood volume and flow, and vascular reactivity. DKA-associated cerebral edema may also predispose to ischemic injury and hemorrhage, though cases of stroke without concomitant cerebral edema have been identified. We review the current literature regarding the pathogenesis of stroke during an episode of DKA in children and youth. Copyright © 2011 Jennifer Ruth Foster et al

Diabetic Ketoacidosis-Associated Stroke in Children and Youth

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a state of severe insulin deficiency, either absolute or relative, resulting in hyperglycemia and ketonemia. Although possibly underappreciated, up to 10% of cases of intracerebral complications associated with an episode of DKA, and/or its treatment, in children and youth are due to hemorrhage or ischemic brain infarction. Systemic inflammation is present in DKA, with resultant vascular endothelial perturbation that may result in coagulopathy and increased hemorrhagic risk. Thrombotic risk during DKA is elevated by abnormalities in coagulation factors, platelet activation, blood volume and flow, and vascular reactivity. DKA-associated cerebral edema may also predispose to ischemic injury and hemorrhage, though cases of stroke without concomitant cerebral edema have been identified. We review the current literature regarding the pathogenesis of stroke during an episode of DKA in children and youth

S98RS SGR No. 13 (Admissons Standard)

A RESOLUTION To encourage the University Administration, the Office of Admissions, the Office of Academic Affairs, and the LSU A & M faculty to create a more stringent, uniform standard of admission for entering students

An analysis of guidance services in selected high schools in Oregon

The purposes of this investigation were: (l) To attempt to determine how well programs of guidance services were felt to be functioning in meeting the needs of pupils through an analysis of guidance services in selected high schools in Oregon, and (2) To develop recommendations for improving programs of guidance services in secondary schools based upon the findings of this study. The investigation focused on eight major areas of the total guidance program in 46 Oregon high schools of three size-ranges: Type 1, l, 000 or more pupils; Type 2, 500 to 999 pupils; and Type 3, 499 pupils or less. The analysis was based upon data secured through rating scales and check lists. Rating scales were completed and returned by four groups of respondents from each of the schools. These four groups were: 44 principals for a 95 percent return; 113 vocational instructors for an 81 percent return; 103 counselors for a 90 percent return; 3, 720 senior boys and 3, 247 senior girls, a total of 6, 967 pupils representing approximately 92 percent of all the seniors in these schools. One hundred fourteen student rating scales were eliminated as not contributing to the study and were not included in the total shown. Check lists of guidance facilities and materials were completed for all 46 schools included in this study. From the 7, 227 respondents and the data from the checklists, the following findings were determined: 1. Type l schools rated their total programs of guidance services as functioning 11 good 11 while Type 2 and Type 3 schools gave a rating of "fair" to their total programs. 2. The findings showed the functioning of five of the eight major areas of the guidance program were ranked in the same order by all three types of schools. 3. The counselor-student ratio was found to be l: 382, 1:361, and 1:365 in schools of Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3 respectively. The counseling space provided was considered adequate in the schools of all three types. The clerical assistance for counselors was considered adequate by 75 percent, 50 percent, and 40 percent of the counselors in schools of Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3 respectively. Occupational and informational materials were generally considered adequate in the schools of all three types. 4. Either the Basic Norm (4 year) or Standard Norm (5 year) counselor certification is currently held by 55 percent, 48 percent and 27 percent of the counselors in schools of Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3 respectively. Recommendations 1. That schools utilize organizations within the community for their unique services to create a cooperative partnership and positive publicity and establish guidance committees to advise and coordinate the total team approach and up-grade this team through in-service programs. z. That schools recognize orientation as a continuous service provided for all pupils through pre- and post-admission practices. A council of committees should plan and coordinate these various activities. Group procedures should provide for needed learning experiences, led by qualified personnel utilizing activities and materials appropriate to the maturation of the pupils. 3. That schools follow a planned program of individual inventory through an accurate, current record, which contributes to understanding each pupil and maintaining a balance between testing and other data-collecting methods. Intensive testing, with accurate interpretation to individual pupils is preferred to extensive testing with insufficient personal interpretation. 4. That schools utilize all persons who possess competencies to give first-hand information to pupils, which is accurate and current, or who can provide contact-experiences in educational, occupational, and training opportunities. Placement assistance should be extended within and without the school for present pupils, school leavers, and graduates. 5. That schools pursue regularly scheduled studies of all former pupils. A suggested sequence would be at one, two, and five years following the pupil's departure. 6. That further research be undertaken to seek means of overcoming weaknesses determined by this study. Special attention should be given to follow-up services. The development of valid criteria for the qualitative assessment through follow-up could reveal inadequacies and suggest innovations for curriculum and guidance practices

Hazardous near Earth asteroid mitigation campaign planning based on uncertain information on fundamental asteroid characteristics

Given a limited warning time, an asteroid impact mitigation campaign would hinge on uncertainty-based information consisting of remote observational data of the identified Earth-threatening object, general knowledge of near-Earth asteroids (NEAs), and engineering judgment. Due to these ambiguities, the campaign credibility could be profoundly compromised. It is therefore imperative to comprehensively evaluate the inherent uncertainty in deflection and plan the campaign accordingly to ensure successful mitigation. This research demonstrates dual-deflection mitigation campaigns consisting of primary (instantaneous/quasi-instantaneous) and secondary (slow-push) deflection missions, where both deflection efficiency and campaign credibility are taken into account. The results of the dual-deflection campaign analysis show that there are trade-offs between the competing aspects: the launch cost, mission duration, deflection distance, and the confidence in successful deflection. The design approach is found to be useful for multi-deflection campaign planning, allowing us to select the best possible combination of missions from a catalogue of campaign options, without compromising the campaign credibility

Fungicides and the grapevine wood mycobiome: a case study on Tracheomycotic Ascomycete Phaemoniella chlamydospora reveals potential for two novel control strategies

Original ResearchPhaeomoniella chlamydospora is a tracheomycotic fungus that colonizes the xylem of grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.), causing wood discoloration, brown wood streaking, gummosis, and wood necrosis, which negatively affect the overall health, productivity, and life span of vines. Current control strategies to prevent or cope with P. chlamydospora infections are frequently ineffective. Moreover, it is unclear how fungicides commonly applied in vineyards against downy and powdery mildew agents affect the wood mycobiome, including wood pathogens such as P. chlamydospora. In this study, we used next-generation sequencing to assess the effects of foliar spray of grapevines with inorganic (copper oxychloride and sulfur), synthetic (penconazole and fosetyl-aluminum), and natural (Blad) fungicides currently used against the downy and powdery mildews. The subjects of our investigation were (i) the resident wood mycobiome, (ii) the early colonization by a consortium of fungal wood endophytes (ACEA1), (iii) the wood colonization success of P. chlamydospora, and (iv) the in planta interaction between P. chlamydospora and ACEA1, under greenhouse conditions, in rooted grapevine cuttings of cv. Cabernet Sauvignon. The data obtained suggest that the resident mycobiome is affected by different fungicide treatments. In addition, the early colonization success of the endophytes composing ACEA1 varied in response to fungicides, with relative abundances of some taxa being overrepresented or underrepresented when compared with the control. The wood colonization by P. chlamydospora comported significant changes in the mycobiome composition, and in addition, it was greatly affected by the foliar spray with Blad, which decreased the relative abundance of this pathogen 12-fold (4.9%) when compared with the control (60.7%) and other treatments. The presence of the pathogen also decreased considerably when co-inoculated into the plant with ACEA1, reaching relative abundances between 13.9% and 2.0%, depending on the fungicide treatment applied. This study shows that fungicides sprayed to prevent infections of powdery and downy mildews have an control strategies to fight P. chlamydospora, namely, the foliar spray with Blad and the use of ACEA1. Further studies to confirm these results are requiredinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The perseverance of Pacioli's goods inventory accounting system

This paper details sources of the 'undoubtedly strange' (Yamey, 1994a, p.119) system of goods inventory records described in Pacioli’s 1494 bookkeeping treatise and traces the longevity and widespread use of this early perpetual inventory recording (EPIR) system in English language texts. By doing so and contrasting this system with the bookkeeping treatment of modern texts, it is shown that the EPIR system persisted as the dominant form of goods inventory accounting for between 400 and 500 years and that the reasons for its demise are worthy of further consideration and research

Seasonal surface drainage of sloping farmland : a review of its hydrogeomorphic impacts

The combination of runoff-generating areas (saturated soils) and overland flow concentration in features such as drainage ditches makes sloping farmland vulnerable to soil erosion. The establishment of drainage ditches aims at draining the excess of water from the farmland, particularly in areas where soils are saturated in the rainy season. The hydrogeomorphic impacts on the farmland itself and on downstream areas need however also to be studied. Off site, downstream problems comprise higher peak discharges, leading to gully initiation, an increase in sediment load, and flooding problems. On-site problems such as the development of the drainage ditches into (ephemeral) gullies are less documented, although they may be important, as illustrated in the Lake Tana Basin (Ethiopia). The similarities and interactions between ephemeral gully channels and drainage ditches have to be considered to better understand all effects of drainage. Drainage ditches are a potential source of conflict between farmers with different interests and power, as well as between upstream and downstream users. A case study on drainage ditches on sloping farmlands in the Lake Tana Basin showed that nine out of ten catchments had drainage densities by ditches ranging from 53 to 510 m ha−1. Drainage ditches were constructed with an average top width of 27 (±9) cm. A significant correlation was found between stone bund density (physical conservation structures) and ditch drainage density (R = −0·72), in line with the Ethiopian government's ban on drainage ditches in farmlands where stone bunds have been constructed