O contributo da educação ambiental para a proteção dos oceanos

Tese de mestrado, Ecologia Marinha, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2020Vivemos numa época em que a ameaça dos ecossistemas do Planeta pela intervenção humana é um tema constantemente debatido. O oceano é um dos ambientes mais afetados. O mar é uma oposição natural ao aquecimento global, alberga grande diversidade biológica e dele advêm importantes bens e serviços. Por outro lado, a poluição marinha e a sobre exploração de recursos vivos marinhos são fatores crescentes de pressão humana. A melhor forma de combater estas tendências prende-se com a envolvência dos cidadãos nos problemas recentes e na procura de soluções para a proteção do mar e dos seus recursos. Medidas estão a ser tomadas e projetos estão a ser desenvolvidos nesse sentido. Os sete Princípios Essenciais da Literacia dos Oceanos, publicados pela UNESCO em 2017, têm por objetivo ajudar a entender a influência recíproca entre os oceanos e o Homem, procurando ir mais além do que a preocupação pelo mar ao encorajar a tomada de atitudes mais informadas e responsáveis. Apostar na formação de crianças e jovens é essencial para educar uma geração mais esclarecida, ativa e promotora de um fututo mais sustentável. Nesse sentido, neste estudo, participaram 254 alunos do 2º ciclo de escolaridade, de uma escola de Lisboa, divididos em três grupos. Através de questionários entregues previamente e após as intervenções, procurou-se avaliar o seu conhecimento inicial e o impacto de diferentes atividades nas suas aprendizagens, no âmbito da educação ambiental marinha. Foram encontradas evidências de diferenças no conhecimento teórico dos alunos bem como nas atitudes, valores e perspetivas entre os dois momentos de avaliação, provando que as intervenções no âmbito da educação ambiental são relevantes e a base para a construção de uma geração ambientalmente mais literada.We live in a time where threats to the Planet’s ecosystems led by human intervention are a frequently discussed topic. The ocean is one of the most affected environments. The sea acts like a natural sponge preventing the global warming, holds vast biodiversity and it provides important benefits and services for humans. On the other hand, marine pollution and over exploitation of marine living resources are increasing factors of human pressure. The best path to counteract these tendencies it is to involve citizens in recent problems, giving them the tools to seek solutions for the protection of the ocean and its resources. Measures are being taken and projects are being developed in this direction. The seven Ocean Literacy Essential Principles, published by UNESCO in 2017, aim to help understand the mutual influence between the ocean and Man, going beyond marine awareness, and encouraging the taking of more informed and responsible behaviour. It becomes essential to educate children and young adolescents in order to build a more enlightened and active upcoming generation, promoting a more sustainable future. For this matter, the study counted with the participation of 254 5-6 grade students, from a school in Lisbon, divided in three groups. Surveys were delivered before and after the interventions, assessing the initial knowledge and evaluating the impact of different activities on their learning, within the scope of marine environmental education. Evidence was found of differences in the student’s theoretical knowledge as well as in their attitudes, values and perspectives, between the two moments of assessment, proving that activities on environmental education are relevant and the basis for the construction of a more environmentally literate generation

Medium-term evolution of an intermediate beach with an intertidal bar

The subaerial beach and low tide terrace morphology of the Amoreira beach (Southwest Portuguese Coast) was assessed using a DGPS system between December 2006 and October 2008. The offshore wave conditions were described by the SWAN model, and the nearshore wave using the COULWAVE model. DEMs show significant variations on beach width and berm elevation, and intertidal bar migration. The seasonal variation of the beach width (from the 2 m contour line above the MSL to the dune baseline) is significant (88 to 66 m) indicating a subaerial beach retreat of 13 m. The berm height elevation ranges between 3.3 and 2.5 m. The obtained results also show that beach sedimentary budget results from a close relationship between the volumes of sediment retained on the subaerial beach (mainly the width variations) and the morphology of the intertidal bar. The effect of intertidal bar morphology variations on the wave height for the field surveys of 6th April and 18th October 2008 was analysed. The obtained data set indicates that: 1) the intertidal bar migrated in the landward direction welding to the beachface lower limit by infilling a runnel of -0.61 m (minimum elevation); 2) the frontal berm increased the width and elevation in 8 m and 0.7 m, respectively; 3) the intertidal bar morphology with a trough on its landward side allows the dissipation of about 0.029 kJm-2/m of the wave energy along the surf zone; and 4) the wave spectrum shows a frequency band between 0.03 and 0.35 Hz

Carbon neutrality pathways effects on air pollutant emissions: The Portuguese case

Funding Information: Funding: This research was based on the outcomes from the Portuguese Carbon Neutrality Roadmap 2050, a project supported by the Ministry of Environment and Energy Transition of the Portuguese Republic. The research work developed at CENSE is financed by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) through the strategic project UIDB/04085/2020.Air pollution and climate change are closely interlinked, once both share common emission sources, which mainly arise from fuel combustion and industrial processes. Climate mitigation actions bring co-benefits on air quality and human health. However, specific solutions can provide negative trade-offs for one side. The Portuguese Carbon Neutrality Roadmap was developed to assess conceivable cost-effective pathways to achieve zero net carbon emissions by 2050. Assessing its impacts, on air pollutant emissions, is the main focus of the present work. The bottom-up linear optimization energy system the integrated MARKAL-EFOM system (TIMES) model was selected as a modeling tool for the decarbonization scenarios assessment. The estimation of air pollutant emissions was performed exogenously to the TIMES model. Results show that reaching net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is possible, and technologically feasible, in Portugal, by 2050. The crucial and most cost-effective vector for decarbonizing the national economy is the end-use energy consumption electrification, renewable based, across all end-use sectors. Decarbonization efforts were found to have strong co-benefits for reducing air pollutant emissions in Portugal. Transport and power generation are the sectors with the greatest potential to reduce GHG emissions, providing likewise the most significant reductions of air pollutant emissions. Despite the overall positive effects, there are antagonistic effects, such as the use of biomass, mainly in industry and residential sectors, which translates into increases in particulate matter emissions. This is relevant for medium term projections, since results show that, by 2030, PM2.5 emissions are unlikely to meet the emission reduction commitments set at the European level, if no additional control measures are considered.publishersversionpublishe

The perspective of cyclists on current practices with digital tools and envisioned services for urban cycling

This is a preprint version of an accepted manuscript in WorldCist'21 -9th World Conference on Information Systems and TechnologiesAs cycling becomes increasingly important in sustainable mobility policies, there is also an urge for new digital applications and services for urban cycling. This new generation of cycling applications should be able to connect cyclists with their local cycling ecosystem, promote cycling, and empower cyclists to become active agents of urban mobility. In this work, we aim to explore the new opportunity space of digital tools and applications designed specifically for urban cycling. We pursue this goal by trying to uncover current practices associated with digital tools that are already available and also by trying to uncover new information needs, even those that cyclists are not yet able to fully express. To explore these topics, we conducted 2 focus group sessions and 10 interviews with cyclists. The result is a set of design opportunities for the development of new applications, tools and methods for improving the cycling experience in the context of urban mobility. We expect this contribution might help to better define the design space of innovative digital tools for urban cyclists.This work is supported by: European Structural and Investment Funds in the FEDER component, through the Operational Competitiveness and Internationalization Programme (COMPETE 2020) [Project nº 039334; Funding Reference: POCI-01-0247- FEDER-039334

El impacto del cuidado territorial en el tratamiento de personas diagnosticadas con esquizofrenia y trastornos delirantes en una comunidad en Río de Janeiro

Care for people diagnosed with schizophrenia and delusional disorders involves many challenges, especially in territorial contexts of pronounced social vulnerability. In Rio de Janeiro, the two decades after the passing of Federal Law 10,216 on Psychiatric Reform in 2001 have been characterized by the transition from a hospital-centered model to one based on community services. Taking the case of a community in Rio de Janeiro, data was extracted from the medical records of 94 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizotypal disorders, and delusional disorders (ICD-10 codes F20 to F29) in five public health services. Covering the period from 2003 to 2016, indicators of the quality of treatment provided were analyzed. As a result of this transition, psychiatric hospitals have all but emptied and a low number of currently untreated patients can be observed. In addition, crisis care and long-term hospitalizations have been replaced by territorial care, and clinical comorbidities are monitored and treated at Family Health Units.El cuidado de personas diagnosticadas con trastornos esquizofrénicos y delirantes representa un desafío, especialmente, en territorios de gran vulnerabilidad social. En Río de Janeiro, con la promulgación de la Ley Federal 10216 de 2001 sobre la Reforma Psiquiátrica, las últimas dos décadas se han caracterizado por la transición del modelo centrado en el hospital al modelo basado en los servicios comunitarios. Utilizando el caso de una comunidad de Río de Janeiro, se seleccionaron cinco servicios de salud pública y se extrajeron datos de los registros médicos de 94 pacientes con diagnósticos de esquizofrenia, trastornos esquizotípicos y trastornos delirantes (codificados en la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades 10 edición entre los códigos F20 a F29) y se analizaron indicadores de calidad del tratamiento ofrecido en el período 2003-2016. Como resultado de la transición se observa que los hospitales psiquiátricos quedaron casi vacíos con un bajo número de pacientes actualmente desatendidos. Además, la atención a la crisis y las hospitalizaciones a largo plazo se reemplazaron por la atención territorial y las comorbilidades clínicas se monitorean y se tratan en unidades de salud familiar

Hippocampus size does not correlate with body mass index in bipolar disorder

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A utilização de textos de divulgação científica no ensino de Química: um olhar para dissertações e teses brasileiras

O trabalho aqui apresentado é um recorte de uma dissertação de mestrado que investiga a potencialidade do uso de Textos de Divulgação Científica (TDC) em contexto formal de ensino. A presente investigação caracteriza-se como de cunho qualitativo exploratório documental, seguindo a organização e delineamento para uma pesquisa bibliográfica proposto por Gil (2002), onde realizou-se uma revisão em Teses e Dissertações brasileiras com o objetivo de identificar trabalhos que apresentam intervenções com o uso de TDC no Ensino de Química e dessa forma visualizar como as mesmas estão sendo desenvolvidas e quais as possíveis contribuições dessa prática. Para tanto, observamos nos trabalhos selecionados as estratégias de leitura empregadas, os níveis de ensino contemplados e os objetivos didáticos pretendidos com o uso desse material. A partir da leitura dos trabalhos selecionados emergiram três categorias referentes aos objetivos didáticos apresentados nos documentos, as quais apontam que a leitura de TDC em sala de aula para além do seu potencial motivacional pode possibilitar a promoção da interdisciplinaridade, da argumentação e da alfabetização científica

Organogenic nodule formation from hop internodes. Reactive oxygen species and expression of lipoxygenase and extracellular-regulated kinases

From Cell Biology of Nitric Oxide and Cell Death in Plants Yalta, Ukraine, 8–11 September 2004First paragraph (this article has no abstract) Organogenic nodules have been studied in several plant species as an additional morphogenic pathway for regeneration strategies, automated micropropagation, and genetic transformation for desirable characteristics. This process has been described in hop [1].Peer reviewe

Comparative transcriptomic response of two Pinus species to infection with the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

Pine wilt disease (PWD) caused by pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is a serious threat to global forest populations of conifers, in particular Pinus spp. Recently, the presence of PWN was reported in dead Yunnan pine (Pinus yunnanensis) trees under natural conditions. To further understand the potential impact caused by PWN in Yunnan pine populations, a transcriptional profiling analysis was performed over di erent time points (0 hours (h), 6 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 7 days) after PWN inoculation. A total of 9961 di erentially expressed genes were identified after inoculation, which suggested a dynamic response against the pathogen, with a more intense pattern at 48 h after inoculation. The results also highlighted a set of biological mechanisms triggered after inoculation that provide valuable information regarding the response of Yunnan pine to PWN infection. When compared with maritime pine (Pinus pinaster), the Yunnan pine response was less complex and involved a smaller number of di erentially expressed genes, which may be associated with the increased degree of resistance to PWN displayed by Yunnan pine. These results revealed di erent strategies to cope with PWN infection by these two pine species, which display contrasting degrees of susceptibility, especially in the timely perception of the infection and response magnitudeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio