Wing force and surface pressure data from a hover test of a 0.658-scale V-22 rotor and wing

A hover test of a 0.658-scale V-22 rotor and wing was conducted in the 40 x 80 foot wind tunnel at Ames Research Center. The principal objective of the test was to measure the surface pressures and total download on a large scale V-22 wing in hover. The test configuration consisted of a single rotor and semispan wing on independent balance systems. A large image plane was used to represent the aircraft plane of symmetry. Wing flap angles ranging from 45 to 90 degrees were examined. Data were acquired for both directions of the rotor rotation relative to the wing. Steady and unsteady wing surface pressures, total wing forces, and rotor performance data are presented for all of the configurations that were tested

Exhumation, crustal deformation, and thermal structure of the Nepal Himalaya derived from the inversion of thermochronological and thermobarometric data and modeling of the topography

Two end‐member kinematic models of crustal shortening across the Himalaya are currently debated: one assumes localized thrusting along a single major thrust fault, the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT) with nonuniform underplating due to duplexing, and the other advocates for out‐of‐sequence (OOS) thrusting in addition to thrusting along the MHT and underplating. We assess these two models based on the modeling of thermochronological, thermometric, and thermobarometric data from the central Nepal Himalaya. We complement a data set compiled from the literature with 114 ^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar, 10 apatite fission track, and 5 zircon (U‐Th)/He thermochronological data. The data are predicted using a thermokinematic model (PECUBE), and the model parameters are constrained using an inverse approach based on the Neighborhood Algorithm. The model parameters include geometric characteristics as well as overthrusting rates, radiogenic heat production in the High Himalayan Crystalline (HHC) sequence, the age of initiation of the duplex or of out-of-sequence thrusting. Both models can provide a satisfactory fit to the inverted data. However, the model with out-of-sequence thrusting implies an unrealistic convergence rate ≥30 mm yr^(−1). The out-of-sequence thrust model can be adjusted to fit the convergence rate and the thermochronological data if the Main Central Thrust zone is assigned a constant geometry and a dip angle of about 30° and a slip rate of <1 mm yr^(−1). In the duplex model, the 20 mm yr^(−1) convergence rate is partitioned between an overthrusting rate of 5.8 ± 1.4 mm yr^(−1) and an underthrusting rate of 14.2 ± 1.8 mm yr^(−1). Modern rock uplift rates are estimated to increase from about 0.9 ± 0.31 mm yr^(−1) in the Lesser Himalaya to 3.0 ± 0.9 mm yr^(−1) at the front of the high range, 86 ± 13 km from the Main Frontal Thrust. The effective friction coefficient is estimated to be 0.07 or smaller, and the radiogenic heat production of HHC units is estimated to be 2.2 ± 0.1 µWm^(−3). The midcrustal duplex initiated at 9.8 ± 1.7 Ma, leading to an increase of uplift rate at front of the High Himalaya from 0.9 ± 0.31 to 3.05 ± 0.9 mm yr^(−1). We also run 3-D models by coupling PECUBE with a landscape evolution model (CASCADE). This modeling shows that the effect of the evolving topography can explain a fraction of the scatter observed in the data but not all of it, suggesting that lateral variations of the kinematics of crustal deformation and exhumation are likely. It has been argued that the steep physiographic transition at the foot of the Greater Himalayan Sequence indicates OOS thrusting, but our results demonstrate that the best fit duplex model derived from the thermochronological and thermobarometric data reproduces the present morphology of the Nepal Himalaya equally well

Global Journalist: The International Influence of American Elections

On this October 14, 2004 program, host Stuart Loory speaks with five journalists around the world to gain international perspectives on the 2004 Presidential Election

Picosecond polarized supercontinuum generation controlled by intermodal four-wave mixing for fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy

International audienceWe present the generation of a picosecond polarized supercontinuum in highly birefringent multimodal microstructured fiber. The initial steps of the spectral broadening are dominated by intermodal four-wave mixing controlled by the specific fiber design. Using a low repetition rate ultra-stable solid state laser, a pulse train well-suited for versatile time-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging applications is obtaine

Global Journalist: The next weapons of mass destruction

This September 4, 2003 conversation will give us the glimpse of an understanding if Iran is developing weapons of mass destruction; if so, will it be the next threat for the world? Is Iran really a growing threat

The 21 February 2005, catastrophic waste avalanche at Leuwigajah dumpsite, Bandung, Indonesia

International audienceOn 21 February 2005 the Leuwigajah dumpsite, Bandung (Java, Indonesia) was affected by a largeslide after heavy rainfalls. Second deadliest waste slide in history, it buried 71 houses and killed 143 people.Amongst the contemporary disastrous events of this type, only a few have been documented. We explored failurepreconditions, triggering mechanisms and local context that conducted to this disaster. We carried on four fieldinvestigations on the site. A series of aerial photographs were acquired and completed by topographical measureson the ground. The morphology of the slide and its trajectory were reconstructed. To constrain the movementcondition, we studied the internal structure of the source area and realized surveys among stakeholders of thedumpsite and citizen.Results: 2.7 10 6 m3 of waste materials spread 1000 m from the source in a rice field with an average thickness of10 m. The material displays a preferential fabric parallel to the previous topography. Numerous internal slip surfaces,underlined by plastic bags explain the low friction coefficient. The presence of methane within the waste dumpwas responsible for explosions prior to sliding and for the fire that affects whole sliding mass.Conclusions: Resulting of a combination of heavy rainfall and consecutive explosions due to biogas suddenrelease, this disaster was predictable in reason ofi) a front slope of the dump of about 100% before the failure;ii) a poor dumpsite management;iii) the extreme vulnerability of the marginalized scavengers living at risk at the foot of the instable dump

Höhere Analysis für Ingenieure / von John Perry. Deutsche Bearbeitung von Robert Fricke und Fritz Süchting

International audienc

A commercial porcine circovirus(PCV)type 2a-based vaccine reduces PCV2d viremia and shedding and prevents PCV2d transmission to naïve pigs under experimental conditions.

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccination has been effective in protecting pigs from clinical disease and today is used extensively. Recent studies in vaccinated populations indicate a major PCV2 genotype shift from the predominant PCV2 genotype 2b towards 2d. The aims of this study were to determine the ability of the commercial inactivated PCV2a vaccine Circovac® to protect pigs against experimental challenge with a 2013 PCV2d strain and prevent transmission. Thirty-eight pigs were randomly divided into four groups with 9–10 pigs per group: NEG (sham-vaccinated, sham-challenged), VAC (PCV2a-vaccinated, sham-challenged), VAC + CHAL (PCV2a-vaccinated and PCV2d-challenged), and CHAL (sham-vaccinated, PCV2d-challenged). Vaccination was done at 3 weeks of age using Circovac® according to label instructions. The CHAL and VAC + CHAL groups were challenged with PCV2d at 7 weeks of age and all pigs were necropsied 21 days post-challenge (dpc). The VAC-CHAL pigs seroconverted to PCV2 by 21 days post vaccination (dpv). At PCV2d challenge on 28 dpv, 3/9 VAC and 1/9 VAC + CHAL pigs were seropositive. NEG pigs remained seronegative for the duration of the study. Vaccination significantly reduced PCV2d viremia (VAC + CHAL) at dpc 14 and 21, PCV2d fecal shedding at dpc 14 and 21 and PCV2d nasal shedding at dpc 7, 14 and 21 compared to CHAL pigs. Vaccination significantly reduced mean PCV2 antigen load in lymph nodes in VAC + CHAL pigs compared to CHAL pigs. When pooled serum or feces collected from VAC + CHAL and CHAL pigs at dpc 21 were used to expose single-housed PCV2 naïve pigs, a pooled fecal sample from CHAL pigs contained infectious PCV2 whereas this was not the case for VAC + CHAL pigs suggesting reduction of PCV2d transmission by vaccination. Under the study conditions, the PCV2a-based vaccine was effective in reducing PCV2d viremia, tissue loads, shedding and transmission indicating that PCV2a vaccination should be effective in PCV2d-infected herds