Beyond solicitousness: a comprehensive review on informal pain-related social support

Adults with chronic pain cite social support (SS) as an important resource. Research has mostly focused on general SS or pain-specific solicitousness, resulting in a limited understanding of the role of SS in pain experiences. Drawing on SS theoretical models, this review aimed to understand how pain-related SS has been conceptualized and measured and how its relationship with pain experiences has been investigated. Arksey and O´Malley’s scoping review framework guided the study. A database search (2000-2015) was conducted in PsycINFO, CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE using a combination of subject headings/keywords on pain and SS; 3864 citations were screened; 101 full texts were assessed for eligibility; references of 52 papers were hand searched. Fifty-three studies were included. Most studies were either a-theoretical or drew upon the operant conditioning model. There are several self-report measures and observational systems to operationalize pain-related SS. However, the Multidimensional Pain Inventory remains the most often used, accounting for the centrality of the concept of solicitousness in the literature. Most studies focused on individuals with chronic pain (ICPs) self-report of spousal pain-related SS and investigated its main effects on pain outcomes. Only a minority investigated the role of pain SS within the stress and coping process (as a buffer or mediator). Little is known about mediating pathways, contextual modulation of the effectiveness of SS exchanges and there are practically no SS-based intervention studies. Drawing on general SS models, the main gaps in pain-related SS research are discussed and research directions for moving this literature beyond solicitousness are proposed.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

A study of the effectiveness of a phonetic and activity approach to the teaching of spelling in grade four,

Includes appendices. Thesis (M.A.)--Boston Universit

Food choices and practices during pregnancy of immigrant and Aboriginal women in Canada: a study protocol

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Facilitating the provision of appropriate health care for immigrant and Aboriginal populations in Canada is critical for maximizing health potential and well-being. Numerous reports describe heightened risks of poor maternal and birth outcomes for immigrant and Aboriginal women. Many of these outcomes may relate to food consumption/practices and thus may be obviated through provision of resources which suit the women's ethnocultural preferences. This project aims to understand ethnocultural food and health practices of Aboriginal and immigrant women, and how these intersect with respect to the legacy of Aboriginal colonialism and to the social contexts of cultural adaptation and adjustment of immigrants. The findings will inform the development of visual tools for health promotion by practitioners.</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>This four-phase study employs a case study design allowing for multiple means of data collection and different units of analysis. Phase 1 consists of a scoping review of the literature. Phases 2 and 3 incorporate pictorial representations of food choices (photovoice in Phase 2) with semi-structured photo-elicited interviews (in Phase 3). The findings from Phases 1-3 and consultations with key stakeholders will generate key understandings for Phase 4, the production of culturally appropriate visual tools. For the scoping review, an emerging methodological framework will be utilized in addition to systematic review guidelines. A research librarian will assist with the search strategy and retrieval of literature. For Phases 2 and 3, recruitment of 20-24 women will be facilitated by team member affiliations at perinatal clinics in one of the city's most diverse neighbourhoods. The interviews will reveal culturally normative practices surrounding maternal food choices and consumption, including how women negotiate these practices within their own worldview and experiences. A structured and comprehensive integrated knowledge translation plan has been formulated.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>The findings of this study will provide practitioners with an understanding of the cultural differences that affect women's dietary choices during maternity. We expect that the developed resources will be of immediate use within the women's units and will enhance counseling efforts. Wide dissemination of outputs may have a greater long term impact in the primary and secondary prevention of these high risk conditions.</p

A developmental arrest? Interruption and identity in adolescent chronic pain

Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Introduction: Although the pediatric pain literature has explored the role of developmental factors in young children’s acute pain, relatively less is known about specific developmental challenges in adolescents with chronic pain. Objectives: To meet this knowledge gap, this study sought to adopt an idiographic phenomenological approach to examine how adolescents make sense of their own development in the context of living with chronic pain. Methods: Semistructured interviews were conducted with ten adolescents (12–17 years; 7 females) recruited from a tertiary care pain treatment programme. Interview data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Results: Study findings identified 2 themes: “An externally imposed lens on identity” and “Paradoxes of developmental progress.” The first theme highlighted an understanding of how adolescent identity is perceived. Some adolescents perceived identity as distinct from pain, whereas others perceived identity as part of their chronic pain condition. This theme also detailed how identity was negotiated by adolescents and others through engagement with valued activities. The second theme represented an understanding of how chronic pain disrupts and alters adolescent developmental trajectories at an individual level, suggesting possibilities of enhanced and delayed trajectories. Enhanced trajectories were associated with increased management of emotionally difficult situations and resulted in mastery of complex interpersonal skills. Conclusion: Findings provided a nuanced understanding of developmental progress in the context of adolescent chronic pain and suggested challenges with drawing normative comparisons. Future research could extend findings by adopting a longitudinal approach to studying adolescent development and eliciting accounts from broader social groups

Support for my video is support for me: A YouTube scoping review of videos including adolescents with chronic pain

Adolescents with chronic pain report feelings of social isolation, of being different, and lack of understanding from peers. These challenges suggest that these adolescents may not obtain the social support they require. Thus, they may have to find other venues through which to find social support. Adolescents are heavy users of social media as a venue to share experience and obtain information and adolescents with chronic pain may be no different. A scoping review of YouTube was conducted by searching videos using the terms 'youth with chronic pain' and 'teens with chronic pain'. Videos in English, targeting at and including an adolescent with chronic pain were included. All identified videos were screened for eligibility until 20 consecutive videos were excluded. For each included video the first 5 related videos suggested by YouTube were screened for eligibility. This selection process resulted in 18 included videos, with a total of 936 comments. Recurring themes in the videos' comments were identified using qualitative content analysis. Videos content mainly covered multidisciplinary treatment options, alternative treatments and impact of pain on daily life. While a variety of treatment options were discussed, details of treatment content were lacking. Comments reflected the overarching message "you are not alone!" and mainly focused on providing and receiving support, sharing suffering, and revealing the impact of pain on relationships and daily life. Despite potential challenges associated with social media, YouTube may be a promising platform for provision of social support for adolescents with chronic pain

Transformation kinetics of alloys under non-isothermal conditions

The overall solid-to-solid phase transformation kinetics under non-isothermal conditions has been modeled by means of a differential equation method. The method requires provisions for expressions of the fraction of the transformed phase in equilibrium condition and the relaxation time for transition as functions of temperature. The thermal history is an input to the model. We have used the method to calculate the time/temperature variation of the volume fraction of the favored phase in the alpha-to-beta transition in a zirconium alloy under heating and cooling, in agreement with experimental results. We also present a formulation that accounts for both additive and non-additive phase transformation processes. Moreover, a method based on the concept of path integral, which considers all the possible paths in thermal histories to reach the final state, is suggested.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures. To appear in Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. En

Beiträge zur Geschichte des Landkreises Regensburg 38

Marginalien von 11 Autoren, darin: Fendl, Josef: Kurzer Abriss der Geschichte des Gebietes des Landkreises Regensburg (S. 3); Koch, Robert: Die Ausgrabungen 1985 in Obertraubling (S. 4-5); Regensburger Bistumsblatt: Die Emmerams-Reliquien sind echt (S. 6-7); Kaiserdiplom Ottos II. im lateinischen Original und in deutscher Übersetzung (S. 8-10); Fendl, Josef: Gebelkofen - bereits vor 850 Jahren urkundlich erwähnt (S. 11); Fendl, Josef: Von Wappen und Siegeln (S. 12-14); Fendl, Josef: Unsere Familiennamen im Regensburger Raum (S. 15); Mittelbayerische Zeitung: Wolfsegger Höhle nach Jahren wiederentdeckt (S. 16); Als der Regierungspräsident Schrubber zuteilte (S. 16); Mittelbayerische Zeitung: Wie der Selfmademann Kronseder zu seiner Weltfirma kam ( S. 18-19); Sparkasse Regensburg: Gedenkmünze zur 800-Jahr-Feier von Pfakofen (S. 22); Le Forgeron, Emanuel: Ein barockes Fest in Alteglofsheim (S. 22-24); Fendl, Josef: Festvortrag 850 Jahre Johannishof (S. 25-29); Maier, Erich: Die Renovierung der Egglfinger Kirche 1983-1986 (S. 30); Straßenbauamt Regensburg: Einblicke in die Geschichte der Brücke von Donaustauf (S. 31-36); Peter, Helmut: Donaubrücke Donaustauf (S. 36-37); Schindlbeck, Georg: Ein "Gänshänger"-Brief (S. 38