86 research outputs found
Cross-Sector Review of Drivers and Available 3Rs Approaches for Acute Systemic Toxicity Testing
Acute systemic toxicity studies are carried out in many sectors in which synthetic chemicals are manufactured or used and are among the most criticized of all toxicology tests on both scientific and ethical grounds. A review of the drivers for acute toxicity testing within the pharmaceutical industry led to a paradigm shift whereby in vivo acute toxicity data are no longer routinely required in advance of human clinical trials. Based on this experience, the following review was undertaken to identify (1) regulatory and scientific drivers for acute toxicity testing in other industrial sectors, (2) activities aimed at replacing, reducing, or refining the use of animals, and (3) recommendations for future work in this area
Forest biomass carbon sinks in East Asia, with special reference to the relative contributions of forest expansion and forest growth
A System Comparison Approach to Distinguish Two Nonseparable and Nonnested Agricultural Household Models
This study distinguishes two nonseparable agricultural household models for a self-employed farm household. One assumes heterogeneity of farm and nonfarm labor and a competitive market for nonfarm labor. The other assumes homogeneity of the two types of labor and a restricted market for nonfarm labor. We compare demand systems that are derived from them, which have different dependent variables and different numbers of equations. We apply a Cox-type test to compare these complicated nonnested systems. Results show clearly that the former is better for Japanese rice-farming households. Comparison of price elasticities for those models verifies the importance of that test. Copyright 2008, Oxford University Press.
Effect of Change of Forest Carbon Storage on Net Carbon Dioxide Balance of Wood Use for Energy in Japan
Development and preventative effect against pine wilt disease of a novel liquid formulation of emamectin benzoate
Supply potential and annual availability of timber and forest biomass resources for energy considering inter-prefectural trade in Japan
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