Revisión de las tecnologías emergentes en el envase y procesamiento de alimentos agroindustriales

The sector of containers, packaging and packaging is constantly innovating, and it is that, since the discovery of fire and its imminent use for cooking food, innovation has always been present in the procurement, transport, storage, conservation and preservation of food. Today, designers of Design Solutions for Logistics (DFL) are continually searching for innovative packaging proposals that serve to feed a growing population safely and sustainably. In this sense, this review article aims to identify the evolution of the technologies used in containers, packaging and packaging and possible future research related to emerging technologies in the areaEl sector de los envases, empaques y embalajes esta innovando constantemente y es que, desde el descubrimiento del fuego y su inminente uso para cocinar alimentos, la innovación siempre ha estado presente en la consecución, transporte, almacenaje, conservación y preservación de alimentos.  Hoy en día, los diseñadores de soluciones de diseño para la logistica (DFL) se ven enfrentados buscar continuamente propuestas innovadoras de envases, empaques y embalajes que sirvan para alimentar a una población en crecimiento de forma segura y sostenible. En este sentido, el presente artículo de revisión pretende identificar la evolución de las tecnologías utilizadas en los envases, empaques y embalajes y las posibles futuras investigaciones relacionadas con las tecnológicas emergentes del área

Social-ecological dynamics of the small scale fisheries in Sundarban Mangrove Forest, Bangladesh

The Sundarban Mangrove Forest (SMF) is an intricate ecosystem containing the most varied and profuse natural resources of Bangladesh. This study presents empirical research, based on primary and secondary data, regarding the social-ecological system (SES), social-ecological dynamics, different stakeholders and relevant management policies of small-scale or artisanal fisheries such as the SMF; showing how, despite extensive diversification, the livelihood activities of the artisanal fishers in the SMF all depend on the forest itself. Regardless of this critical importance of mangroves, however, deforestation continues due to immature death of mangroves, illegal logging, increased salinity, natural disasters and significant household consumption of mangrove wood by local people. As the mangroves are destroyed fish stocks, and other fishery resources are reduced, leading to moves of desperation among those whose livelihood has traditionally been fishing. The present study also considers several risks and shock factors in the fishers' livelihood: attacks by wild animals (especially tigers) and local bandits, illness, natural disasters, river bank erosion, and the cost of paying off corrupt officials. The artisanal fishers of the SMF have adopted different strategies for coping with these problems: developing partnerships, violating the fisheries management laws and regulations, migrating, placing greater responsibility on women, and bartering fishing knowledge and information. This study shows how the social component (human), the ecological component (mangrove resources) and the inter-phase aspects (local ecological knowledge, stakeholder's interest, and money lenders or middle man roles) of the SMF as an SES are linked in mutual interaction. It furthermore considers how the social-ecological dynamics of the SMF have negative impacts on artisanal fishermen's livelihoods. Hence there is an urgency to update existing policies and management issues for the sustainable utilization of the SMF resources, eventually contributing to theimprovement of the artisanal fishers' livelihoods.Peer reviewe

Revisión de las tecnologías emergentes en el envase y procesamiento de alimentos agroindustriales

The sector of containers, packaging and packaging is constantly innovating, and it is that, since the discovery of fire and its imminent use for cooking food, innovation has always been present in the procurement, transport, storage, conservation and preservation of food. Today, designers of Design Solutions for Logistics (DFL) are continually searching for innovative packaging proposals that serve to feed a growing population safely and sustainably. In this sense, this review article aims to identify the evolution of the technologies used in containers, packaging and packaging and possible future research related to emerging technologies in the areaEl sector de los envases, empaques y embalajes esta innovando constantemente y es que, desde el descubrimiento del fuego y su inminente uso para cocinar alimentos, la innovación siempre ha estado presente en la consecución, transporte, almacenaje, conservación y preservación de alimentos.  Hoy en día, los diseñadores de soluciones de diseño para la logistica (DFL) se ven enfrentados buscar continuamente propuestas innovadoras de envases, empaques y embalajes que sirvan para alimentar a una población en crecimiento de forma segura y sostenible. En este sentido, el presente artículo de revisión pretende identificar la evolución de las tecnologías utilizadas en los envases, empaques y embalajes y las posibles futuras investigaciones relacionadas con las tecnológicas emergentes del área

Review of emerging technologies in food packaging and processing

El sector de los envases, empaques y embalajes esta innovando constantemente y es que, desde el descubrimiento del fuego y su inminente uso para cocinar alimentos, la innovación siempre ha estado presente en la consecución, transporte, almacenaje, conservación y preservación de alimentos. Hoy en día, los diseñadores de soluciones de diseño para la logistica (DFL) se ven enfrentados buscar continuamente propuestas innovadoras de envases, empaques y embalajes que sirvan para alimentar a una población en crecimiento de forma segura y sostenible. En este sentido, el presente artículo de revisión pretende identificar la evolución de las tecnologías utilizadas en los envases, empaques y embalajes y las posibles futuras investigaciones relacionadas con las tecnológicas emergentes del área.The sector of containers, packaging and packaging is constantly innovating, and it is that, since the discovery of fire and its imminent use for cooking food, innovation has always been present in the procurement, transport, storage, conservation and preservation of food. Today, designers of Design Solutions for Logistics (DFL) are continually searching for innovative packaging proposals that serve to feed a growing population safely and sustainably. In this sense, this review article aims to identify the evolution of the technologies used in containers, packaging and packaging and possible future research related to emerging technologies in the are

Body mass index and cardiorespiratory fitness among public school teachers from Barranquilla, Colombia

Introduction: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an excellent health status indicator, since reduced CRF values may constitute an early marker of alterations in the cardiovascular system. Objective: To determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and CRF in teachers working in State schools of Barranquilla, Colombia. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted from October 2015 to May 2016 in 363 teachers working in State schools of Barranquilla. Participants’ sociodemographic data were collected, their BMI was calculated and their CRF was measured using the Rockport walking test (also known as 1-mile walking test). Results: Participants’ mean age was 48.1±9.4 years, 72.1% were women, and 65.55% had a BMI >25 kg/m2. On the other hand, CRF mean was 26.4 mL/kg/min and was inversely correlated with BMI (p<0.05). Conclusion: Bearing in mind the high prevalence of overweight and obesity and the low levels of CRF found in the present study it is necessary to implement health prevention programs based on physical activity and nutritional counseling aimed at encouraging public school teachers to adopt healthy lifestyles

Caregiving and parenting practices during mandatory confinement by COVID-19 of early childhood caregivers

Introduction: During the COVID-19 infection, the population of infants and adolescents has been the most affected in aspects such as health, adequate nutrition, responsive care, protection, and safety, among others. Objective: To describe the care and upbringing practices of early childhood caregivers during compulsory confinement, from the point of view of health, nutrition, and psycho-pedagogical support. &nbsp

Do canopy disturbances drive forest plantations into more natural conditions? A case study from Can Gio Biosphere Reserve, Vietnam.

Large areas of mangrove forests were devastated in South Viet Nam during the second Indochina war. After its end in 1975, extensive reforestation with monocultures took place. Can Gio, one of the biggest replanted sites with about 20,000 ha of mangroves mainly Rhizophora apiculata, was declared a biosphere reserve by the UNESCO in 2000. Although this status now enables progressive forest dynamics, there are still drawbacks resulting from the unnatural character of the plantations. For example, the homogeneous size and age structure as well as the regular arrangement of the planted trees make larger forest stands more vulnerable to synchronized collapsing which can be triggered by stronger winds and storms. A transformation into a more natural forest characterized by a heterogeneous age and size structure and a mixed species composition is of urgent need to avoid a synchronized dieback. In this study we test the capability of natural canopy disturbances (e.g. lightning strikes) to facilitate this transformation.Canopy gaps created by lightning strikes were detected and quantified by remote sensing techniques. SPOT satellite images from the years 2003, 2005 and 2007 provided information about the spatial distribution, size, shape, and formation frequency of the gaps. Lightning strike gaps were identified based on their shape and size. They form small openings (mean: 0.025 ha) and their yearly probability of occurrence was determined to be approximately 0.012 per hectare. Selected gaps were surveyed in the field in 2008 to complement the remote sensing data and to provide information upon forest structure and regeneration.Simulation experiments were carried out with the individual-based KiWi mangrove model for quantifying the influence of different lightning regimes on the vertical and horizontal structure of the R. apiculata plantation. In addition, we conducted simulations with a natural and thus randomly generated forest to compare the structure of the two different cultivation types (i.e. plantation and natural forest). The simulation shows that even small disturbances can already partly buffer the risk of cohort senescence of monospecific even-aged plantations. However, after the decline of the plantation, the disturbance regime does not play an important role for further stand development. After the break-up of the initial strongly regular structure of the simulated plantation, a vertical pattern, i.e. height distribution of the trees, similar to the one of the natural forest, emerged quickly. However, the convergence for the horizontal structure i.e. the distance of trees to their nearest neighbor, took twice as long as for the vertical structure. Our results highlight the importance of small disturbances such as lightning strikes to mitigate vulnerability against synchronous windfall in homogenous forest structures. Hence, creating small openings artificially may be an appropriate management measure in areas where the frequency of natural small-scale disturbances is lo

Estilo de vida en adultos jóvenes universitarios de Barranquilla, Colombia: Diferencias según sexo y estatus socioeconómico

Lifestyles are everyday behaviors that show an individual's way of life and are usually maintained over time. The university stage is an important period to establish healthy habits for the rest of life. The objective of the study was to determine the lifestyles of university students and the differences according to sex and socioeconomic status. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 508 university students to whom a self-administered survey was applied on their sociodemographic conditions, while their lifestyles were evaluated using the PEVP-II questionnaire. It was observed that only 24.02% of the sample frequently controlled the levels of sugars and fats, 21.85%, in their diet; more than 20% do not perform physical activity, between 20 and 30% do not regulate sugars or include fruits and vegetables in their diets; the averages lower than 60% in the associated factors contemplated in the study, infer that the respondents do not maintain a healthy lifestyle. Finally, it is concluded that low levels of physical activity practice and the presence of habits considered risky in the nutritional dimension, may be related to lifestyles, making this identification in the university environment can help decision-making for design of intervention strategies supported in the well-being of students.El estilo de vida es concebido como un comportamiento cotidiano y que permanece en el tiempo, el cual evidencia los patrones individuales de conducta de una persona; además, y está determinado por factores sociales, culturales y personales. La etapa universitaria se constituye en este sentido, en una oportunidad para promover la modificación de hábitos por conductas saludables. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar los estilos de vida en estudiantes universitarios y las diferencias según el sexo y el estatus socioeconómico. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo de corte transversal con 508 universitarios a quienes se les aplicó una encuesta auto administrada sobre sus condiciones sociodemográficas, mientras que los estilos de vida fueron evaluados mediante el cuestionario de Perfil del Estilo de Vida de Pender II (PEVP-II). Se observó que solo el 24,02% (n=122) de la muestra controla frecuentemente los niveles de azúcares y de grasas el 21,85% (n=111), en su alimentación; más del 20% (n=102) no realiza actividad física, entre el 20 (n=102) y 30% (n=152) no regulan los azúcares o incluyen frutas y vegetales en sus dietas; los promedios inferiores al 60%(n=305) en los factores asociados contemplados en el estudio, infieren que los encuestados no mantienen un estilo de vida saludable. En el período de la vida universitaria, el estilo de vida está influenciado por cambios de comportamientos asociados a la formación personal, al entorno familiar y al contexto cultural y social en que desarrolla cada individuo. Los bajos niveles de práctica de actividad física y la presencia de hábitos considerados riesgosos en la dimensión nutricional, pueden estar relacionados con los estilos de vida, y propiciar el desarrollo de enfermedades no transmisibles que conllevan a incrementar la morbilidad y mortalidad en las etapas del curso de la vida del ser humano

. / Self-efficacy towards physical activity in Colombian schoolchildren.

Objetivo: El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la autoeficacia para la práctica de actividad física en escolares colombianos y establecer su relación con los niveles de actividad física identificados de acuerdo al sexo. Método: Estudio de corte transversal analítico en 2102 niñas y 2054 niños entre los 10 a 14 años estudiantes de 27 escuelas públicas. Se aplicó la Escala de Autoeficacia hacia la Actividad Física y el Cuestionario de Actividad Física para Escolares (PAQ-C) para medir el comportamiento activo. Se determinó la frecuencia de las variables categóricas y se realizó una Regresión Logística Multivariante, en la cual la variable dependiente fue la actividad física general realizada durante la última semana, considerando en el modelo como variables independientes los componentes de la autoeficacia hacia la actividad física. Se determinaron los Odds Ratio (OR) en población general y su intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95 % asumiendo un valor de significancia estadística menor de 0,05. Resultados: 64,3% de los escolares se categorizaron como inactivos físicamente, donde 66,9% de niñas resultaron inactivas y 38,4% de niños activos. Es mayor la probabilidad de ser inactivos físicamente en los escolares que consideran no poder correr al menos 8 minutos seguidos [OR 1,7 (IC95% 1,4-1,9)], realizar actividad física después de la escuela [OR 1,5 (IC95% 1,2-1,7)] o cuando hace mucho frio o calor [OR 1,4 (IC95% 1,2-1,6)]. Conclusiones: Los escolares con baja autoeficacia para la práctica de actividad física tienen mayor probabilidad de ser inactivos físicamente.Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the self-efficacy for the practice of physical activity in Colombian schoolchildren and establish their relationship with the levels of physical activity identified according to sex. Method: Analytical crosssectional study in 2102 girls and 2054 boys between 10 to 14 years old students of 27 public schools. The Self-Efficacy Scale was applied to Physical Activity and the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Schoolchildren (PAQ-C) to measure active behavior. The frequency of the categorical variables was determined and a Multivariate Logistic Regression was carried out, in which the dependent variable was the general physical activity carried out during the last week, considering in the model as independent variables the components of self-efficacy towards physical activity. The Odds Ratio (OR) in the general population and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were determined assuming a value of statistical significance of less than 0.05. Results: 64.3% of the students were categorized as physically inactive, where 66.9% of the girls were inactive and 38.4% of the boys were active. The probability of being physically inactive is greater in schoolchildren who consider that they can not run at least 8 minutes in a row [OR 1.7 (95% CI 1.4-1.9)], perform physical activity after school [OR 1, 5 (IC95% 1.2-1.7)] or when it is very cold or hot [OR 1.4 (IC95% 1.2-1.6)]. Conclusions: Students with low self-efficacy for physical activity are more likely to be physically inactive