Tolerance and adaptation to virtual classes due to the pandemic among university adolescents

After the pandemic, the Ministry of Education proposed the teaching of virtual classes, a measure that generated adaptation processes. The present research aimed to determine the relationship between tolerance to frustration and adaptation to virtual classes due to the pandemic in adolescents from a public and private university. A study was carried Prospective cross-sectional correlational study, the sample made up of 86 students from a private and public university, the survey and instrument technique were used, a Likert scale questionnaire applied via Google Docs, applied to students who have developed face-to-face classes and later they have held virtual classes. The tolerance to frustration in adolescents of the Private University of Huancayo Franklin Roosevelt and the National University of Huancavelica is medium and the adaptation to virtual classes is in the process of adaptation. There is a direct average correlation between tolerance to frustration and adaptation to virtual classes in adolescents from a public and private university in a pandemic; with a Spearman's Rho value of 0.634 and a p. bilateral significance value of 0.000. The Peruvian educational system was not yet prepared for virtual education, finding many deficiencies. We recommend carrying out multicenter studies, which allow the outcomes of this change in educational modality to be compared in various regions

The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figure

Complicaciones post covid-19 asociadas a la productividad laboral de trabajadores de un Hospital Regional, Junín.

Objective: To determine the association between labor productivity and post COVID-19 complications in workers of the Hospital Docente Materno Infantil El Carmen 2022. Material and Methods: Basic study, correlational level; it used the analysis-synthesis method, with a non-experimental design, had a sample obtained through a formula for finite populations, obtaining 95 health professionals who presented post-COVID-19 complications. Results: 74.74% (71) professionals with post COVID-19 complications have adequate labor productivity; 25.26% (24) professionals with post COVID-19 complications have inadequate labor productivity; 88.42% (84) professionals with post COVID-19 complications have labor productivity in their adequate efficiency dimension; 11. 58% (11) professionals with post COVID-19 complications have labor productivity in their inadequate efficacy dimension; 69.47% (66) professionals with post COVID-19 complications have labor productivity in their adequate efficiency dimension; 30.53% (29) professionals with post COVID-19 complications have labor productivity in their inadequate efficiency dimension. Conclusions: There is correlation between labor productivity and post COVID-19 complications in workers of the Hospital Docente Materno Infantil El Carmen 2022, with Chi-square value 6.044 and pvalue = 0.042 of bilateral significance at 95% probability.Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre el productividad laboral y complicaciones post COVID-19 en trabajadores del Hospital Docente Materno Infantil El Carmen 2022. Material y Métodos: Estudio tipo básica, de nivel correlacional; empleó el método de análisis-síntesis, con diseño no experimental, tuvo una muestra obtenida mediante fórmula para poblaciones finitas obteniendo 95 profesionales de salud que presentaron complicaciones post COVID-19. Resultados: El 74,74% (71) profesionales que presentaron complicaciones post COVID-19 tienen productividad laboral adecuada; 25,26% (24) profesionales con complicaciones post COVID-19 tienen productividad laboral inadecuada; 88,42% (84) profesionales con complicaciones post COVID-19 tienen productividad laboral en su dimensión eficacia adecuada; 11,58% (11) profesionales con complicaciones post COVID-19 tienen productividad laboral en su dimensión eficacia inadecuada; 69,47% (66) profesionales con complicaciones post COVID-19 tienen productividad laboral en su dimensión eficiencia adecuada; 30,53% (29) profesionales con complicaciones post COVID-19 tienen productividad laboral en su dimensión eficiencia inadecuada. Conclusión: Existe correlación entre la productividad laboral y complicaciones post COVID-19 en trabajadores del Hospital Docente Materno Infantil El Carmen 2022, con valor de Chi cuadrado 6,044 y pvalue = 0,042 de significancia bilateral a una probabilidad del 95%

Maltrato fisico-psicologico y autoestima-asertividad en niños y niñas de las instituciones educativas del area rural de la localidad de Huancavelica 2010

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between the physical, psychological self-esteem and assertive- ness in children Educational Institutions in rural areas of the Parish of Huancavelica District 2010. METHODS: A quantitative, descriptive level, corre- lational design, descriptive methods, inductive -deduc- tive, population 22 students, non-probability sampling criterial. RESULTS: 45.5 % were boys and 54.5 % girls. 40.9 % suffered severe physical abuse, of which 4.5 % had high self esteem, high self-esteem trend 18.2 % , 13.6 % tendency to low self esteem and low self-esteem 4.5 % . The 13.6 % of physically abused , 3.6 % were moderate, of which 4.5 % had a tendency toward high self-esteem , self-esteem at risk, prone to low self-es- teem , 45.5% of children abused 31.8% showed a ten- dency to high self-esteem , self-esteem at risk 47.5 % and 9.1 % tendency to low self esteem. The victims of severe physical abuse , showed a 40.9 % average asser- tiveness and moderate physical abuse showed a high assertiveness 4.5 % and 9.1 % average , children who were not physically abused victims showed high asser- tiveness 31.8 % and 13.6 % average . The 13.6 % su- ffered psychological abuse both mild and moderate and 27.3 % severe. The victims of severe emotional abuse18.2 % showed high self-esteem trend, 4.5 % self at risk and prone to low self-esteem. Victims of psycholo- gical abuse showed moderate 4.5 % trend high esteem and low self-esteem 9.1 % trend and victims of psy- chological abuse showed slight trend 9.1 % and 4.5 % high esteem low self esteem trend, the results show that victims of severe psychological abuse showed a asser- tiveness of 4.5 % at high and 22.7 % average, moderate psychological abuse victims showed a 13.6 % average assertiveness and psychological abuse victims showed mild assertiveness 9.1 % higher and 4.5 % medium. CONCLUSIONS: Children (as) were victims of severe physical abuse at a higher rate, being a low percentage of children (as) with a tendency to low self esteem and low self-esteem, also showed a higher percentage of as- sertiveness on the middle level. Victims of psychologi- cal abuse in different categories , showed a fluctuating trend esteem between high self-esteem and a low self esteem, assertiveness regarding showed a medium le- vel. Nonparametric statistical test Chi-square, p = 0.05, concluding that there is significant association between physical abuse and level of assertiveness, with p = 0.007. It also found evidence to say that there is signifi- cant association between psychological abuse and level of assertiveness p = 0.194. In tale of physical abuse and self-esteem with a p = 0.551; notes that no significant relationship between the study variables . Finally in ter- ms of psychological abuse and self-esteem with a p =0.914, it is evident that there is significant relationship between the study variables.OBJETIVO: Determinar la relación que existe entre el maltrato físico, psicológico con la autoestima y aser- tividad en los niños y niñas de las Instituciones Edu- cativas del área rural de la Localidad del Distrito de Huancavelica-2010. MÉTODOS: Tipo observacional, nivel descriptivo, di- seño correlacional, métodos descriptivo, inductivo-de- ductivo, población 22 alumnos, muestro no probabilís- tico criterial. RESULTADOS: 45.5% fueron niños y 54.5% niñas. 40.9% sufrieron maltrato físico severo, de ellos 4.5% tuvieron autoestima alta, 18.2% tendencia autoestima alta, 13.6% tendencia a autoestima baja y 4.5% autoes- tima baja. El 13.6% de maltratados físicamente, 3.6% fue moderado; de los cuales 4.5% tuvieron tendencia a una autoestima alta, autoestima en riesgo, tendencia a autoestima baja; del 45.5% de niños no maltratados un 31.8% mostraron una tendencia a autoestima alta, 47.5% autoestima en riesgo y 9.1% tendencia a autoes- tima baja. Las víctimas de maltrato físico severo, mos- traron una asertividad de 40.9% medio y los de mal- trato físico moderado mostraron una asertividad 4.5% alta y 9.1% medio; los niños que no fueron víctimas de maltrata físico mostraron una asertividad 31.8% alta y 13.6% medio. El 13.6% sufrieron maltrato psicológico tanto leve como moderado y 27.3% severo. Las vícti- mas de maltrato psicológico severo mostraron 18.2% tendencia a alta autoestima, 4.5% autoestima en riesgo y tendencia a baja autoestima. Las víctimas de maltrato psicológico moderado mostraron 4.5% tendencia autoestima alta y 9.1% tendencia autoestima baja y las víctimas de maltrato psicológico leve mostraron 9.1% tendencia autoestima alta y 4.5% tendencia autoesti- ma baja; los resultados muestran que las víctimas de maltrato psicológico severo mostraron una asertividad de 4.5% en alto y 22.7% medio, las víctimas de mal- trato psicológico moderado mostraron una asertividad de 13.6% medio y las víctimas de maltrato psicológi- co leve mostraron una asertividad de 9.1% alto y 4.5% medio. CONCLUSIONES: Los niños(as) fueron víctimas de maltrato físico severo en un porcentaje mayor, encon- trándose un bajo porcentaje de niños(as) con tendencia a autoestima baja y a una autoestima baja, así mismo mostraron un mayor porcentaje de asertividad en el ni- vel medio. Las víctimas de maltrato psicológico en sus diferentes categorías, mostraron una fluctuación de la autoestima entre la tendencia a la autoestima alta, así como a una autoestima baja, con respecto a la asertivi- dad mostraron un nivel medio. Según la prueba estadís- tica Ji Cuadrada, existe asociación muy significativa entre el maltrato físico y psicológico con el nivel de asertividad, con un p= 0,007, y p= 0.021 Así mismo se encontró evidencia para afirmar que existe asociación significativa entre el maltrato físico y psicológico con la autoestima p= 0,041, y p=0.043. En cuento al maltrato físico y la autoestima con un p=0,551; se señala que no existe relación significativa entre las variables de estudio. Finalmente en cuanto al maltrato psicológi- co y autoestima con un p=0,914; se evidencia que no existe relación entre las variables de estudio

la La interrupción en el tratamiento de anemia incrementa la prevalencia: una comparación antes y durante la pandemia del Covid 19 en una provincia Alto Andina del Perú

Introduction: Anemia in the world increased during the Covid-19 pandemic; uninterrupted treatment decreases its prevalence: Objective: to determine the relationship between access to treatment and prevalence of anemia before and during the pandemic in children under 5 years of age in the province of Angaraes - Peru. Method: relational research, correlational, cross-sectional design, using data from the Ministry of Health His Report and SIEN through a registration form validated by experts. For access to treatment the population was 771 and 903 children, for prevalence (3651, 3284), (3202 and 2754) children; normality was ruled out by kolmogorof Smirnov, Spearman's Rho and Mann-Whitney U (95% CI) were applied. Results: Before the pandemic, 46.7% accessed treatment without interruption, 19.5% with one month of interruption and 8.2% six months; during the pandemic it increased to 27.2% without interruption, 23.3% with one month of interruption and 19.5% six months; conditioning an increase in prevalence of 4.5% between 2020 and 2021; the mean prevalence before was 35% (95% C.I.: 31.2% - 38.5%); the mean prevalence before the pandemic was 35% (95% C.I.: 31.2% - 38.5%). C 95%: 31.2% - 38.8%) and during was 40.6% (C.I 95%: 36.6% - 44.2%); with an error of 0.005 there is a relationship between access to treatment and prevalence, the Rho Spearman value 0.115 indicates a low relationship; with a p value of 0.000 there is a difference in prevalence before and after. Conclusion: There is a low intensity relationship between access to treatment and prevalence of anemia, the latter being higher during the pandemic.Introducción: La anemia en el mundo se acrecentó durante la pandemia del Covid-19; un tratamiento sin interrupción disminuye su prevalencia: Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre el acceso al tratamiento y prevalencia de anemia antes y durante la pandemia en niños menores de 5 años de la provincia de Angaraes - Perú. Método: investigación relacional, diseño correlacional, transversal, se utilizó datos del Ministerio de Salud His Report y SIEN mediante una ficha de registro validado por expertos. Para el acceso al tratamiento la población fue 771 y 903 niños, para la prevalencia (3651, 3284), (3202 y 2754) niños; se descartó la normalidad mediante kolmogorof Smirnov, se aplicó la Rho de Spearman y U de Mann-Whitney (IC 95%). Resultados: Antes de la pandemia el 46,7% accedió al tratamiento sin interrupción, 19,5% con un mes de interrupción y 8,2% seis meses; durante la pandemia incremento a 27,2% sin interrupción, 23,3% un mes de interrupción y 19,5% seis meses; condicionando un incremento en la prevalencia en 4,5% entre el año 2020 al 2021; la media de la prevalencia antes fue 35% (I.C 95%: 31,2% – 38,8%) y durante fue de 40,6% (I.C 95%: 36,6% – 44,2%); con un error de 0.005 existe relación entre el acceso al tratamiento y prevalencia, el valor de Rho Spearman 0,115 indica baja relación; con un p valor de 0,000 existe diferencia en la prevalencia antes y después. Conclusión: Existe relación de baja intensidad entre el acceso a tratamiento y prevalencia de anemia, siendo esta última mayor durante la pandemia

la La interrupción en el tratamiento de anemia incrementa la prevalencia: una comparación antes y durante la pandemia del Covid 19 en una provincia Alto Andina del Perú

Introduction: Anemia in the world increased during the Covid-19 pandemic; uninterrupted treatment decreases its prevalence: Objective: to determine the relationship between access to treatment and prevalence of anemia before and during the pandemic in children under 5 years of age in the province of Angaraes - Peru. Method: relational research, correlational, cross-sectional design, using data from the Ministry of Health His Report and SIEN through a registration form validated by experts. For access to treatment the population was 771 and 903 children, for prevalence (3651, 3284), (3202 and 2754) children; normality was ruled out by kolmogorof Smirnov, Spearman's Rho and Mann-Whitney U (95% CI) were applied. Results: Before the pandemic, 46.7% accessed treatment without interruption, 19.5% with one month of interruption and 8.2% six months; during the pandemic it increased to 27.2% without interruption, 23.3% with one month of interruption and 19.5% six months; conditioning an increase in prevalence of 4.5% between 2020 and 2021; the mean prevalence before was 35% (95% C.I.: 31.2% - 38.5%); the mean prevalence before the pandemic was 35% (95% C.I.: 31.2% - 38.5%). C 95%: 31.2% - 38.8%) and during was 40.6% (C.I 95%: 36.6% - 44.2%); with an error of 0.005 there is a relationship between access to treatment and prevalence, the Rho Spearman value 0.115 indicates a low relationship; with a p value of 0.000 there is a difference in prevalence before and after. Conclusion: There is a low intensity relationship between access to treatment and prevalence of anemia, the latter being higher during the pandemic.Introducción: La anemia en el mundo se acrecentó durante la pandemia del Covid-19; un tratamiento sin interrupción disminuye su prevalencia: Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre el acceso al tratamiento y prevalencia de anemia antes y durante la pandemia en niños menores de 5 años de la provincia de Angaraes - Perú. Método: investigación relacional, diseño correlacional, transversal, se utilizó datos del Ministerio de Salud His Report y SIEN mediante una ficha de registro validado por expertos. Para el acceso al tratamiento la población fue 771 y 903 niños, para la prevalencia (3651, 3284), (3202 y 2754) niños; se descartó la normalidad mediante kolmogorof Smirnov, se aplicó la Rho de Spearman y U de Mann-Whitney (IC 95%). Resultados: Antes de la pandemia el 46,7% accedió al tratamiento sin interrupción, 19,5% con un mes de interrupción y 8,2% seis meses; durante la pandemia incremento a 27,2% sin interrupción, 23,3% un mes de interrupción y 19,5% seis meses; condicionando un incremento en la prevalencia en 4,5% entre el año 2020 al 2021; la media de la prevalencia antes fue 35% (I.C 95%: 31,2% – 38,8%) y durante fue de 40,6% (I.C 95%: 36,6% – 44,2%); con un error de 0.005 existe relación entre el acceso al tratamiento y prevalencia, el valor de Rho Spearman 0,115 indica baja relación; con un p valor de 0,000 existe diferencia en la prevalencia antes y después. Conclusión: Existe relación de baja intensidad entre el acceso a tratamiento y prevalencia de anemia, siendo esta última mayor durante la pandemia

Single dose dipyrone for acute postoperative pain

[Background]: Dipyrone (metamizole) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in some countries to treat pain (postoperative, colic, cancer, and migraine); it is banned in others because of an association with life-threatening blood agranulocytosis. This review updates a 2001 Cochrane review, and no relevant new studies were identified, but additional outcomes were sought.[Objectives]: To assess the efficacy and adverse events of single dose dipyrone in acute postoperative pain.[Search strategy]: The earlier review searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS and the Oxford Pain Relief Database to December 1999. For the update we searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE,EMBASE and LILACS to February 2010.[Selection criteria]: Single dose, randomised, double-blind, placebo or active controlled trials of dipyrone for relief of established moderate to severe postoperative pain in adults. We included oral, rectal, intramuscular or intravenous administration of study drugs.[Data collection and analysis]: Studies were assessed for methodological quality and data extracted by two review authors independently. Summed total pain relief over six hours (TOTPAR) was used to calculate the number of participants achieving at least 50% pain relief. Derived results were used to calculate, with 95% confidence intervals, relative benefit compared to placebo, and the number needed to treat (NNT) for one participant to experience at least 50% pain relief over six hours. Use and time to use of rescue medication were additional measures of efficacy. Information on adverse events and withdrawals was collected.[Main results]: Fifteen studies tested mainly 500 mg oral dipyrone (173 participants), 2.5 g intravenous dipyrone (101), 2.5 g intramuscular dipyrone (99); fewer than 60 participants received any other dose. All studies used active controls (ibuprofen, paracetamol, aspirin, flurbiprofen, ketoprofen, dexketoprofen, ketorolac, pethidine, tramadol, suprofen); eight used placebo controls.Over 70% of participants experienced at least 50% pain relief over 4 to 6 hours with oral dipyrone 500 mg compared to 30% with placebo in five studies (288 participants; NNT 2.4 (1.9 to 3.2)). Fewer participants needed rescue medication with dipyrone (7%) than with placebo (34%; four studies, 248 participants). There was no difference in participants experiencing at least 50% pain relief with 2.5 g intravenous dipyrone and 100 mg intravenous tramadol (70% vs 65%; two studies, 200 participants). No serious adverse events were reported.[Authors' conclusions]: Based on very limited information, single dose dipyrone 500 mg provides good pain relief to 70% of patients. For every five individuals given dipyrone 500 mg, two would experience this level of pain relief who would not have done with placebo, and fewer would need rescue medication, over 4 to 6 hours.Peer reviewe

Single dose dipyrone for acute postoperative pain.

BACKGROUND: Dipyrone (metamizole) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in some countries to treat pain (postoperative, colic, cancer, and migraine); it is banned in others because of an association with life-threatening blood agranulocytosis. This review updates a 2001 Cochrane review, and no relevant new studies were identified, but additional outcomes were sought. OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy and adverse events of single dose dipyrone in acute postoperative pain. SEARCH STRATEGY: The earlier review searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS and the Oxford Pain Relief Database to December 1999. For the update we searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE,EMBASE and LILACS to February 2010. SELECTION CRITERIA: Single dose, randomised, double-blind, placebo or active controlled trials of dipyrone for relief of established moderate to severe postoperative pain in adults. We included oral, rectal, intramuscular or intravenous administration of study drugs. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Studies were assessed for methodological quality and data extracted by two review authors independently. Summed total pain relief over six hours (TOTPAR) was used to calculate the number of participants achieving at least 50% pain relief. Derived results were used to calculate, with 95% confidence intervals, relative benefit compared to placebo, and the number needed to treat (NNT) for one participant to experience at least 50% pain relief over six hours. Use and time to use of rescue medication were additional measures of efficacy. Information on adverse events and withdrawals was collected. MAIN RESULTS: Fifteen studies tested mainly 500 mg oral dipyrone (173 participants), 2.5 g intravenous dipyrone (101), 2.5 g intramuscular dipyrone (99); fewer than 60 participants received any other dose. All studies used active controls (ibuprofen, paracetamol, aspirin, flurbiprofen, ketoprofen, dexketoprofen, ketorolac, pethidine, tramadol, suprofen); eight used placebo controls.Over 70% of participants experienced at least 50% pain relief over 4 to 6 hours with oral dipyrone 500 mg compared to 30% with placebo in five studies (288 participants; NNT 2.4 (1.9 to 3.2)). Fewer participants needed rescue medication with dipyrone (7%) than with placebo (34%; four studies, 248 participants). There was no difference in participants experiencing at least 50% pain relief with 2.5 g intravenous dipyrone and 100 mg intravenous tramadol (70% vs 65%; two studies, 200 participants). No serious adverse events were reported. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Based on very limited information, single dose dipyrone 500 mg provides good pain relief to 70% of patients. For every five individuals given dipyrone 500 mg, two would experience this level of pain relief who would not have done with placebo, and fewer would need rescue medication, over 4 to 6 hours

Underlying-event properties in pp and p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV

We report about the properties of the underlying event measured with ALICE at the LHC in pp and p−Pb collisions at sNN−−−√=5.02 TeV. The event activity, quantified by charged-particle number and summed-pT densities, is measured as a function of the leading-particle transverse momentum (ptrigT). These quantities are studied in three azimuthal-angle regions relative to the leading particle in the event: toward, away, and transverse. Results are presented for three different pT thresholds (0.15, 0.5, and 1 GeV/c) at mid-pseudorapidity (|η|10 GeV/c, whereas for lower ptrigT values the event activity is slightly higher in p−Pb than in pp collisions. The measurements are compared with predictions from the PYTHIA 8 and EPOS LHC Monte Carlo event generators