Da paisagem imposta à paisagem desejada: a dimensão cultural como eixo referencial na recuperação de cenários degradados

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção.A presente pesquisa é um estudo de caso a respeito da pedreira do Rio Tavares, situada no Município de Florianópolis, Ilha de Santa Catarina, capital de Santa Catarina, Brasil. O estudo se dá na forma de uma estratégia multimetodológica com vistas a avaliar a repercussão da pedreira na paisagem da referida ilha. Toma-se por base a percepção da paisagem do ponto de vista de um grupo de moradores da localidade (consulta direta - CD) e um grupo de pessoas consultadas por intermédio de um site (consulta pela internet - CI). Faz-se uso dos códigos: verbal, por meio de entrevista (CD) e questionário (CI) estruturados basicamente sobre os três aspectos que compõem o conceito de topofilia (Tuan, 1983) - percepção da paisagem, atitudes em relação à paisagem e valores atribuídos à paisagem; visual, por meio de fotografias temáticas; e verbal-visual, por meio de simulações digitais de fotografias temáticas, de parte do pesquisador, segundo indicações dos sujeitos consultados. As fotografias temáticas explicitam um depoimento visual dos sujeitos consultados a respeito dos temas: prejuízo ambiental, beleza natural, valor cultural, valor simbólico, valor econômico e serviços públicos. A imaginação dos sujeitos consultados tem um papel especial na composição metodológica, impulsionando a construção de simulações digitais que indiquem a paisagem desejada em contraposição ao que aqui nos referimos como paisagem imposta. Busca-se estabelecer relações entre os discursos verbais, obtidos por meio de entrevistas gravadas e transcritas (CD) e questionários respondidos no site (CI), e os discursos imagéticos apresentados pelos sujeitos consultados na CD e referendados pelos sujeitos consultados na CI e a presença do sentimento topofílico. Este conceito é tomado como pano de fundo sobre o qual possam ocorrer possíveis transformações no sentido de alterar progressivamente o atual significado preponderante da pedreira, durante a permanência das atividades e após a desativação da mesma. Examinam-se alguns projetos já realizados de pedreiras recuperadas no Brasil e no exterior, bem como a legislação brasileira atinente ao tema. Busca-se fundamentar o encaminhamento de possíveis soluções para pedreiras desativadas com a participação das comunidades afetadas, enfatizando-se a necessidade de se considerar importantes questões culturais e sociais na viabilização das mesmas. Na qualidade de tema aqui potencialmente relacionado à produção da arte contemporânea, toma-se a pedreira como ponto de partida para a consideração desta como cenário/suporte de manifestações artísticas e culturais de amplo espectro, além de funcionar como pólo de atendimento a outras demandas sociais. Esta idéia tem a função primordial de contribuir sobre a forma pela qual o local deverá ser tratado numa futura recuperação paisagística/reabilitação ambiental, defendendo-se um tratamento diferente da simples ocultação por meio de revegetação. Busca-se defender a re-significação do local da pedreira e a efetiva re-valorização no conjunto da paisagem da Ilha de Santa Catarina, bem como fundamentar a questão da mudança do caráter privado para público do local. Toma-se este caso como ponto de partida para refletir a respeito do enorme passivo ambiental distribuído por todo o território nacional, em especial aquele referente a pedreiras inseridas em tecidos urbanos

O ENSINO DE ARTE E AS HISTÓRIAS EM QUADRINHOS (HQ): A ARTE SEQUENCIAL E O DESENVOLVIMENTO GRÁFICO

As histórias em quadrinhos – HQ são muito mais do que uma mídia relacionada ao entretenimento; tornaram-se, ao longo dos anos, uma importante ferramenta pedagógica. Este artigo apresenta um breve contexto histórico da origem das histórias em quadrinhos e estabelece relações dessa arte sequencial com o ensino de Artes Visuais. Defende a ideia de que a análise gráfica de diferentes gêneros de histórias em quadrinhos pode contribuir para a compreensão do processo, a produção de HQ em sala de aula e para o estímulo do desenvolvimento gráfico infantil, na fase do pensamento simbólico. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com estudantes de uma escola pública municipal de ensino básico da cidade do Rio Grande / RS e apresenta resultados que apontam para a importância da utilização das HQ nos processos criativos associados ao desenho e à escrita; na promoção do interesse dos estudantes pela disciplina de artes; e no desenvolvimento gráfico

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P &lt; 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake