Importation and early local transmission of COVID-19 in Brazil, 2020

We conducted the genome sequencing and analysis of the first confirmed COVID-19 infections in Brazil. Rapid sequencing coupled with phylogenetic analyses in the context of travel history corroborate multiple independent importations from Italy and local spread during the initial stage of COVID-19 transmission in Brazil

In situ short-term responses of Amazonian understory plants to elevated CO₂

The response of plants to increasing atmospheric CO2 depends on the ecological context where the plants are found. Several experiments with elevated CO2 (eCO2) have been done worldwide, but the Amazonian forest understory has been neglected. As the central Amazon is limited by light and phosphorus, understanding how understory responds to eCO2 is important for foreseeing how the forest will function in the future. In the understory of a natural forest in the Central Amazon, we installed four open-top chambers as control replicates and another four under eCO2 (+250 ppm above ambient levels). Under eCO2, we observed increases in carbon assimilation rate (67%), maximum electron transport rate (19%), quantum yield (56%), and water use efficiency (78%). We also detected an increase in leaf area (51%) and stem diameter increment (65%). Central Amazon understory responded positively to eCO2 by increasing their ability to capture and use light and the extra primary productivity was allocated to supporting more leaf and conducting tissues. The increment in leaf area while maintaining transpiration rates suggests that the understory will increase its contribution to evapotranspiration. Therefore, this forest might be less resistant in the future to extreme drought, as no reduction in transpiration rates were detected.</p

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Novas formas de cuidado através das práticas integrativas no sistema único de saúde

Objective: To report the experience of a workshop intended for fostering reflection on the National Policy on Integrative and Complementary Practices. Data synthesis: Descriptive case study reporting the experience performed in the first half of 2017 at the State University of Southwestern Bahia, in Jequié, Bahia, Brazil. The workshop was held in cooperation with a course of the Academic Master’s Graduate Program in Nursing and Health (PPGES) of the same university, with a duration of approximately four hours. Master’s students with training in Nursing, Psychology and Dentistry mediated the workshop, which had as participants students of the Nursing and Dentistry Undergraduate Programs, and was conducted with use of group dynamics addressing the National Policy on Integrative and Complementary Practices, based on music therapy. Through personal narratives, the participants expressed the meanings of the experience and their learning process. Conclusion: Conducting workshops creates spaces for reflection so that future professionals understand the need for having Integrative and Complementary Practices included in their clinical practice and work processes. The workshop gave rise to multiprofessional experiences and enabled a rich variety of perspectives regarding the subject and the exchange of experiences among the workshop participants, which will be incorporated into the work routine as an effective, continuous process, and adjusted to the needs of the Brazilian Unified Health System.Objetivo: Relatar la experiencia para la realización del taller de fomento que reflexiona sobre la Política Nacional de Prácticas Integrativas y Complementarias (PNPIC). Síntesis de los datos: Relato descriptivo de la experiencia realizada en el primer semestre de 2017 en la Universidad Estadual del Sudoeste de Bahía, en Jequié, Bahía, Brasil. El taller se dio en cooperación con una asignatura del Máster Académico del Programa de Posgrado en Enfermería y Salud (PPGES) de la misma universidad con más o menos cuatro horas de duración. Los alumnos con formación en Enfermería, Psicología y Odontología han ministrado el taller que ha sido realizado con dinámicas sobre la Política Nacional de Prácticas Integrativas y Complementarias a partir de la musicoterapia en el cual han participado estudiantes de los cursos de Enfermería y Odontología. En las narrativas individuales los participantes han expresado los significados de la experiencia y sus aprendizajes. Conclusión: La realización de talleres crea espacios para la reflexión de que los futuros profesionales comprendan la necesidad de la inclusión de las Prácticas Integrativas y Complementarias en su práctica clínica y en los procesos de trabajo. La experiencia ha posibilitado vivencias multiprofesionales lo que permite la riqueza de miradas para el tema y el intercambio de experiencia de los que han vivenciado el taller los cuales serán incorporados en la rutina de trabajo como un proceso efectivo, continuo y ajustado para las necesidades del Sistema único Único de Salud valorando la integralidad en salud y la promoción global del cuidado humano.Objetivo: Relatar a experiência na realização de oficina de fomento à reflexão sobre a Política Nacional de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PNPIC). Síntese dos dados: Relato descritivo de experiência realizada no primeiro semestre de 2017, na Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, em Jequié, Bahia, Brasil. A oficina ocorreu em cooperação com uma disciplina do Mestrado Acadêmico do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem e Saúde (PPGES), da mesma universidade, com aproximadamente quatro horas de duração. Discentes com formação em Enfermagem, Psicologia e Odontologia mediaram a oficina, que teve como participantes estudantes dos cursos de Enfermagem e de Odontologia, sendo realizada com dinâmicas que abordavam a Política Nacional de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares a partir da musicoterapia. Por meio das narrativas individuais, os participantes expressaram os significados da experiência e seus aprendizados. Conclusão: A realização de oficinas cria espaços de reflexão para que os futuros profissionais entendam a necessidade de incluir as Práticas Integrativas e Complementares em sua prática clínica e nos processos de trabalho. A experiência possibilitou vivências multiprofissionais, permitindo riqueza de olhares para o tema e a troca de experiência dos que vivenciaram a oficina, as quais serão incorporadas à rotina de trabalho como um processo efetivo, contínuo e ajustado às necessidades do Sistema Único de Saúde, valorizando a integralidade em saúde e a promoção global do cuidado humano