Interação criança-espaço exterior em jardim de infância

Doutoramento em PsicologiaO estudo tem como quadro conceptual a Teoria da Perceção Ecológica de Gibson e a Abordagem Experiencial de Laevers e pretende compreender as interações das crianças com o espaço exterior em contexto de jardim de infância, em situação de jogo livre. O estudo decorreu em III fases distintas, mas interligadas. Na fase I foi constituída uma amostra com 19 grupos de crianças e respetivos educadores, a exercerem funções em quatro jardins de infância, situados nas cidades de Coimbra e de Aveiro. A recolha de dados desta fase foi realizada através do preenchimento de uma grelha, pelos educadores, de fevereiro a maio de 2011, em cada saída ao exterior. Paralelamente foram selecionadas 16 crianças, quatro em cada jardim de infância, com idades compreendidas entre os 4 anos e os 4 anos e 12 meses, tendo-se realizado observações das suas interações com os espaços exteriores, de fevereiro a maio de 2011, registadas em vídeo e mapas de comportamento (Fases II e III). Na análise dos dados recorreu-se a metodologia com enfoque quantitativo e qualitativo, tendo sido utilizados, para o efeito, os programas informáticos SPSS versão 17.0 e WebQDA, versão 1.0. Foram, igualmente utilizados mapas de comportamento para a Fase III. Os dados das Fases II e III foram codificados em cinco sistemas categoriais de análise: Comportamento Social, Tipo de Jogo, Atividade Física, Materiais e Equipamentos e Implicação. Os resultados indicam que as crianças permanecem pouco tempo nos espaços exteriores e com condições climatéricas favoráveis – temperatura moderada e ausência de chuva. Relativamente à implicação, os resultados evidenciam níveis baixos de implicação, sendo mais elevados em espaços com elementos da natureza. Quanto às restantes categorias analisadas, as interações sociais paralelas e associativas são as mais frequentes, sendo as últimas promovidas essencialmente em espaços naturais. O tipo de jogo que emerge em maior número é o funcional, embora os níveis de atividade física das crianças sejam preocupantes, sendo as ações motoras mais observadas “estar de pé” e “andar”.The conceptual framework of this study is the Ecological Perception Theory of Gibson and Laevers’ Experiential Education approach. The aim of the present study is the investigation of children’s interactions with the kindergartens’ outdoor environments during free play. The study consisted in three disctint phases but interconnected. In phase I, the sample is comprised of 19 early childhood teachers working in four kindergartens, located in Coimbra and Aveiro. We started the data collection by asking to the nineteen childhood teachers to complete a form from February to May 2011, each time they went out with children. In a second phase we made a selection of 16 children, 4 from each kindergarten, aged between 4 years and 4 years and 12 months and we started to make systematic observations, from February to May 2011, of children’s interactions with the outdoor environment. During that time we made video recordings and behaviour mappings (Phases II and III). In data analysis we resorted to quantitative and qualitative methodologies using the softwares SPSS 17.0 and WebQDA program respectively, and behavior mappings (Phase III). The categories included in the study were Social Play, Cognitive Play, Physical Activity, Materials/Equipment and Involvement. The results show that children stay outside for a very short period of time even with good weather conditions. Concerning involvement the results show low levels, being higher in the presence of nature elements. For the social category, the parallel and associative social interactions are the most common, being the latter promoted essentially by natural outdoor environments. The functional play is also the most frequent, although the levels of physical activity are very low, being the most frequently motor actions “stand” and “walk”

Surgical treatment vs. conservative treatment in intravenous bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws. Systematic review

To determine the success rates of the surgical and non-surgical treatments in the management of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ). A systematic review of the literature was made. A PubMed Medline database search was performed in order to include clinical studies published in English,between2004 and 2014 with the following key-words: “BRONJ AND treatment” and “NOT osteoporosis”. The following data was gathered: authors, title, year of publication, aim of study, level of evidence, sample size, treatment performed, treatment outcomes and follow-up. Studies including more than 20 patients with at least 6 months of follow-up, and that specify the different treatment approaches and their outcomes were included. Systematic reviews were excluded.All studies were classified according to the SORT criteria (Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy). The initial electronic search yielded 169 papers, and 13 studies were added after a manual search (total of 182 studies). After analysing the title and abstract and removing duplicates, 31 full-texts were obtained. A total of 12 papers were finally included. Two were classified as level 3 evidence and 9 as level 2. The quality of the selected studies and the risk of bias were also reported. Surgical treatments like sequestrectomy, surgical debridement and bone osteotomies provide successful treatment outcomes, with success rates ranging from 58 to 100%. Controlled randomized clinical trials with larger samples and longer follow-up are needed to support these findings

Índice de Contaminação Microbiana e de SARS-CoV-2 em efluentes urbanos e águas de recreio na região Algarvia

A presença do SARS-CoV-2 nas águas pode designar uma preocupação e deve ser estudada para compreender melhor a disseminação do vírus e qual o papel que o ciclo urbano da água pode ter na transmissão deste vírus. Este estudo teve como objectivo avaliar os níveis de contaminação fecal das águas residuais com indicadores de contaminação fecal clássicos (Escherichia coli (E. coli) e Enterococos intestinais (IE)) e a eficiência de remoção nas estações de tratamento das ETAR’s menos convencional (colifagos somáticos); bem como a possível detecção ou não de SARS-CoV-2. O SARS-CoV-2 e os parâmetros microbiológicos foram monitorizados em amostras de águas residuais brutas e tratadas, e amostras ambientais foram colhidas em diversos locais da Ria Formosa. Cinco campanhas de amostragem foram realizadas entre 2020 e 2021. Foram colhidas amostras em três estações ambientais na Ria Formosa (Ilha de Faro, cais comercial de Faro, cais de Olhão) bem como afluentes e efluentes de três Estações de Tratamento de Águas Residuais (ETAR) (Faro-Aeroporto, Olhão e Vilamoura). A presença do SARS-CoV-2 nas águas residuais foi investigada, os resultados revelam alta prevalência de contaminação viral na ETARS da Ria Formosa. O SARS-CoV-2 parece não ter capacidade de sobreviver em áreas costeiras, bem como em estações de tratamento de água na região do Algarve. Este estudo mostrou o potencial de detectar o SARS-CoV-2 em águas residuais como uma ferramenta de alerta precoce e previsão para a propagação da doença.The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in waters can be a concern and should be studied to better understand the spread of the virus and what role the urban water cycle may play in the transmission of this virus. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of fecal contamination of wastewater with classical fecal contamination indicators (Escherichia coli (E. coli) and intestinal Enterococci (IE)) and the efficiency of removal in the treatment plants of less conventional WWTP's (coliphages somatic). SARS-CoV-2 and microbiological parameters were monitored in raw and treated wastewater samples, and environmental samples were collected at different locations in the Ria Formosa. Five sampling campaigns were carried out between 2020 and 2021. Three environmental stations were sampled in the Ria Formosa (Faro Island, Faro commercial pier, Olhão pier) as well as tributaries and effluents from three Wastewater Treatment Plants (Faro-Aeroporto , Olhão and Vilamoura). The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater was investigated, the results reveal a high prevalence of viral contamination at the Ria Formosa WWTP. SARS-CoV-2 appears to have no ability to survive in coastal areas as well as in water treatment plants in the Algarve region. This study showed the potential of detecting SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater as an early warning and prediction tool for the spread of the disease

Surgical treatment vs. conservative treatment in intravenous bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws. Systematic review

Aims: To determine the success rates of the surgical and non-surgical treatments in the management of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ). Material and Methods: A systematic review of the literature was made. A PubMed Medline database search was performed in order to include clinical studies published in English, between 2004 and 2014 with the following keywords: "BRONJ AND treatment" and "NOT osteoporosis". The following data was gathered: authors, title, year of publication, aim of study, level of evidence, sample size, treatment performed, treatment outcomes and follow-up. Studies including more than 20 patients with at least 6 months of follow-up, and that specify the different treatment approaches and their outcomes were included. Systematic reviews were excluded. All studies were classified according to the SORT criteria (Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy). Results: The initial electronic search yielded 169 papers, and 13 studies were added after a manual search (total of 182 studies). After analysing the title and abstract and removing duplicates, 31 full-texts were obtained. A total of 12 papers were finally included. Two were classified as level 3 evidence and 9 as level 2. The quality of the selected studies and the risk of bias were also reported. Conclusions: Surgical treatments like sequestrectomy, surgical debridement and bone osteotomies provide successful treatment outcomes, with success rates ranging from 58 to 100%. Controlled randomized clinical trials with larger samples and longer follow-up are needed to support these findings

SARS-CoV-2 contamination potential in environmental and wastewaters in the Algarve region, Southern Portugal

The Ria Formosa, Southern Portugal (Algarve) is a mesotidal lagoon with restricted exchange with Atlantic Ocean. Due to arid Mediterranean climate and absence of large freshwater inputs, the lagoon remains hypersaline relative to adjacent ocean (>= 37 psu). Generally, fecal coliforms and land-derived bacteria do not survive long in seawater due to UV, osmotic shock, oligotrophy and competition with marine bacteria. However, survival of human pathogenic viruses in natural waters remains relatively unknown. In view of 2020-2021 SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, this preliminary study aimed to estimate potential contamination by wastewater and persistence in marine environment. Five sampling campaigns (45 total samples) were completed in 2020 and 2021 at three stations in the lagoon, as well as inflow and outflow from three wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Despite relatively high fecal contamination at lagoon stations, SARS-CoV-2 could not be detected in surface waters using improved methodology. Untreated wastewaters were positive at Faro-Aeroporto 21/10/2020, 14/12/2020, 08/03/2021; Vilamoura 21/10/2020, 14/12/2020; Olhao 14/12/2020. All treated wastewaters were negative, as well as environmental samples. Highest viral titers were observed in Faro-Aeroporto WWTP on 8 March 2021 (1.35 x 10(5) genomic copies L-1) coinciding with peak SARS-CoV-2 cumulative positive cases in Algarve (2.03 x 10(4)), yet SARS-CoV-2 was not detected in Vilamoura and Olhao raw wastewater then. Thus, the contamination potential of SARS-CoV-2 seemed non-existent in the Ria Formosa during peak pandemic surges in Algarve. However, predicted climate change and its impact on microbial populations remains a challenge to be addressed by both health and tourist authorities.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Depressão, ansiedade e estresse em usuários de cuidados primários de saúde

Aim: Describe levels of depression, anxiety and stress among users of an urban/rural health centre, analyse sex differences and comorbidity between depression, anxiety and stress. Method: Descriptive co-relational study with a Portuguese version of DASS-21; consecutive sample (n=343). Results: 40.52%, 43.48% and 45.06% of individuals present some degree of depression, anxiety and of stress, respectively. Severe or very severe levels of disturbance were found in 20.87% (anxiety), 22.38% (stress) and 12.24% (depression) of individuals. Women present higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress. Depression, Anxiety and Stress are strongly and positively associated. Conclusion: These results show high point prevalence - higher than in other countries - and reveal differences in sex as well as comorbidity. They may allow for the development of a local and community intervention strategy for mental health promotion and disease prevention, particularly for women.Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: describir niveles de depresión, ansiedad y estrés de los usuarios de un centro de salud urbana/rural, analizar diferencias de género y la comorbilidad entre depresión, ansiedad y estrés. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo correlacional aplicando una versión portuguesa de la DAS-21 en una muestra consecutiva (n=343). Se constató algún grado de depresión, ansiedad y estrés en 40,52%, 43,48% y 45,06% de los individuos, respectivamente. Se identificaron niveles graves o muy graves de ansiedad en 20,87% de los individuos, de estrés en 22,38% y de depresión en 12,24%. Las mujeres presentaron niveles promedios de depresión, ansiedad y de estrés más elevados. La depresión, la ansiedad y el estrés están fuertemente y positivamente asociados. Se concluye que estos resultados apuntan para una elevada prevalencia - más alta que en otros países - y revelan diferencias de género y comorbilidad. Con base en los hallazgos, se podrá desarrollar una estrategia de intervención local y comunitaria para la promoción de la salud mental y prevención de la enfermedad, particularmente de las mujeres.Os objetivos deste estudo foram descrever níveis de depressão, ansiedade e estresse dos usuários de um centro de saúde urbano/rural, analisar diferenças de sexo e a comorbilidade entre depressão, ansiedade e estresse. Este é um estudo descritivo correlacional, aplicando-se uma versão portuguesa da DASS-21, em amostra consecutiva (n=343). Tem-se como resultados que 40,52, 43,48 e 45,06% dos indivíduos apresentam, respetivamente, algum grau de depressão, ansiedade e estresse. Identificaram-se níveis graves ou muito graves de ansiedade em 20,87% dos indivíduos, de estresse em 22,38% e de depressão em 12,24%. As mulheres apresentam níveis médios de depressão, ansiedade e estresse mais elevados. Depressão, ansiedade e estresse estão forte e positivamente associados. Esses resultados apontam para elevada prevalência - mais alta que em outros países - e revelam diferenças de sexo e comorbilidade. Com base neles, poder-se-á desenvolver estratégia de intervenção local e comunitária para a promoção da saúde mental e prevenção da doença, particularizando as mulheres

Vivências com a Natureza e os Limites Invisíveis: Contatos Primordiais entre Projetos Educativos no Brasil e em Portugal

This article aims to describe two experiences of living with nature: one in the municipality of Crato, state of Ceará, Northeast Region of Brazil, the other in Coimbra,in the province of Beira Litoral, Centro Region, Portugal. The projects have their singularities, but also convergences, which makes it possible to carry out the study. The participating children were observed, recording the occurrences and analyzing what happens as a result of the activities. Analyzes are made up of three dimensions: environments, mediators and methods. Empirical data indicate that, even if in different ways, both experiences favor child development in its various aspects, depending on the focus of the methods. While in the experiences with nature the interaction with the natural context was focused on generating experiences that explored the senses, in Invisible Limits the aim was to provoke learning experiences. In both proposals, the natural environment seems to awaken in children what is latent, which often does not emerge for lack of this primordial contact with natural environments.Este artigo tem como objetivo descrever[A1] duas experiências de vivências com a natureza: um no município do Crato, estado do Ceará, Região Nordeste do Brasil, outro em Coimbra, na província da Beira Litoral, Região do Centro, Portugal. Os projetos têm suas singularidades, mas também convergências, o que possibilita a realização do estudo. Observaram-se as crianças participantes, registrando-se as ocorrências e analisando-se o que sucede em decorrência das atividades. As análises são compostas por três dimensões: ambientes, mediadores e métodos. Os dados empíricos apontam que, mesmo que de forma diferenciada, ambas as experiências favorecem o desenvolvimento infantil em seus diversos aspectos, conforme o foco dos métodos. Enquanto nas vivências com a natureza a interação com o contexto natural esteve focada em gerar experiências que exploravam os sentidos, no Limites Invisíveis buscava-se provocar experiências de aprendizagem. Em ambas as propostas o ambiente natural parece despertar nas crianças o que está latente, que não emerge, muitas vezes, por falta deste contato primordial com ambientes naturais

Governança no terceiro setor: estudo sobre uma organização francesa do século XIX

The preparation of this work was motivated by the possibility of identification of currently recommended practices and mechanisms of governance in the organizational structure of historical entities. The objective of this exploratory study was to identify the key elements of governance of an organization of the Third Sector established in the nineteenth century and compare them with current elements relating to best practice. As a comparative basis, a set of 24 items recommended by IBGC governance tailored to nonprofit organizations were adopted in the paper. It was intended to verify compliance and timeliness of the governance structure of the Société Parisienne des Etudes Spirites  - SPEE, which was selected for its cultural and historical relevance, since it served as model for the  establishment  of thousands of similar religious organizations around the world. We conducted a literature search on the main aspects of the project prepared in 1868 by Allan Kardec, for the deployment of an board of directors and the operational development of the SPEE. We analyzed the presence or absence of governance practices listed by IBGC. This research found that 50% of the modern elements of governance were fully contained in the organizational  proposed  to  SPEE, 25% were partially present and the remaining 25% were absent, indicating the importance with which these practices were addressed.A elaboração deste trabalho foi motivada pela possibilidade de identificação, na estrutura organizacional de entidades do passado, das práticas e mecanismos de governança atualmente recomendados. O objetivo deste estudo exploratório foi identificar os principais elementos de governança de uma organização do Terceiro Setor do século XIX e compará-los com os atuais elementos relacionados às melhores práticas. Como base comparativa, adotou-se um conjunto de 24 itens de governança recomendados pelo IBGC, adaptados às organizações sem fins lucrativos. Pretendeu-se verificar a conformidade e a atualidade da estrutura de governança da Société Parisienne des Études Spirites - SPEE, a qual foi selecionada por sua relevância histórica e cultural, pois serviu de modelo para a criação de milhares de organizações religiosas semelhantes em todo o mundo. Efetuou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre os principais aspectos do projeto elaborado em 1868, por Allan Kardec, para a implantação de um conselho administrativo e para o desenvolvimento operacional da SPEE. Analisou-se a presença ou ausência das práticas de governança listadas pelo IBGC. A investigação apontou que 50% dos modernos elementos de governança estavam integralmente contidos na proposta organizacional da SPEE, 25% estavam parcialmente presentes e os demais 25% estavam ausentes, sinalizando a importância com que essas práticas foram tratadas

Parenting styles and the connection with nature: A look into a nature program

Currently, there seems to be a decline in direct experiences of nature, with a consequent decrease in connection with nature, which could unavoidably result in negative consequences, especially in what concerns children.  With the goal of narrowing this ever-growing gap, as well as raising awareness for the importance of outdoor spaces/nature as promoters of development and learning, the Invisible Limits Project (IL) was founded. Thus, the present investigation aimed to better understand the enrollment motives, sociodemographic variables, parenting styles and Nature Relatedness (NR) of parents who enrolled their children in IL, as well as to analyze these same variables and identify parent profiles based on NR and frequency of nature contact, while additionally attempting to ascertain the role of contact with nature as a predictor of NR, all in an effort to rethink and improve existing educational offers. The investigation follows a comparative typology, counting 286 total participants, divided into an experimental group (n=135) - comprised of those who enrolled their children in IL - and a control group (n=151), to which the previous criterion did not apply. For the statistical analysis of the collected data, IBM SPSS Statistics v25, jamovi v1.6, JASP 0.16.1.0 and MaxQDA v2020.4 were used. In what pertains to the results, the main reason for parents to enrol their children in an educational experience in nature was the promotion of contact with nature. Additionally, there were no observable differences between groups, regarding both parenting styles and NR. Concomitantly, frequent contact with nature (both during childhood and throughout life) was determined to be a predictor of a higher NR. In view of the results and in view of the current climate changes, as well as life’s sustainability on the planet, further studies are required, in order to better understand one’s connection with nature

Cultura de segurança do paciente: avaliação dos enfermeiros na atenção primária à saúde

Introduction: Studies on patient safety in Primary Health Care (PHC) are up to date; however, there are no details on professionals' actual performance in relation to this matter. Thus, it is important to evaluate the safety culture characterization among nursing professionals in this scenario, since it will promote better care for users.Objective: To evaluate the patient safety culture in the Units with Family Health Strategy (FHS) program under nurses’ perspective.Method: Descriptive study of quantitative approach carried out in fourteen health Units in Curitiba City, Paraná State (PR), Brazil from July to December 2017. There were forty-three nurses participating in this study. Medical Office Survey on Patient Safety Culture (MOSPSC) was the tool used, comprising fifty-one questions that evaluate twelve dimensions of patient safety. This tool, Portuguese version, showed a Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.95, which expresses high reliability. All data were analyzed by Descriptive Statistics using Likert scale. Results: Inconsistencies were found related to the information exchange with other institutions, work process, fear of guilt, punishment for errors, and management. In the overall evaluation, 50% of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) professionals rated patient safety “very good”, and 73.9% of Basic Health Units (BHU) professionals rated patient safety “good”.Conclusion: Results show a safety culture with potentialities and weaknesses that need to be developed, considering the nurse the cornerstone to the success of quality and safety enhancement of patient in Primary Health Care.Introducción: Los estudios sobre seguridad del paciente en la Atención Primaria a la Salud son actuales, pero no profundizan el real desempeño de los profesionales con relación a la seguridad del paciente. Así, es relevante evaluar la caracterización de la cultura de seguridad entre los profesionales de enfermería en este escenario, pues va a favorecer la mejora del cuidado a los usuarios.Objetivo: Evaluar la cultura de seguridad del paciente en Unidades con Estrategia de Salud de la Familia en la perspectiva de los enfermeros.Método: Estudio descriptivo de abordaje cuantitativo, realizado de julio a diciembre de 2017, en catorce unidades de salud de la ciudad de Curitiba (PR). Participaron de esta investigación cuarenta y tres enfermeros. El instrumento utilizado fue el Medical Office Survey on Patient Safety Culture (MOSPSC) que consiste en cincuenta y una preguntas que miden doce dimensiones de la seguridad del paciente. La confiabilidad del instrumento es de alfa de Cronbach de 0,95. Los datos fueron analizados por estadística descriptiva, por medio de una escala de Likert. Resultados: Se notaron problemas relacionados con el intercambio de información con otras instituciones, el proceso de trabajo, el miedo a la culpa, el castigo por los errores y la gestión. En la evaluación global de la Seguridad del Paciente, 50% de los profesionales de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia consideran “muy bueno” y de las Unidades Básicas de Salud, 73,9% consideran “bueno”.Conclusión: Los resultados muestran una cultura de seguridad con potencialidades y fragilidades que necesitan ser trabajadas, y el enfermero como base de este proceso para el fortalecimiento de la calidad y seguridad del paciente en la Atención Primaria a la Salud.Introdução: Os estudos sobre segurança do paciente na Atenção Primária à Saúde são atuais, mas não aprofundam o real desempenho dos profissionais em relação à segurança do paciente. Desta forma, é relevante avaliar a caracterização da cultura de segurança entre os profissionais de enfermagem neste cenário, pois favorecerá melhoria do cuidado aos usuários.Objetivo: Avaliar a cultura de segurança do paciente em Unidades com o programa Estratégia de Saúde da Família na perspectiva dos enfermeiros. Método: Estudo descritivo de abordagem quantitativa, realizado de julho a dezembro de 2017, em catorze unidades de saúde de Curitiba (PR). Participaram desta pesquisa quarenta e três enfermeiros. O instrumento utilizado foi o Medical Office Survey on Patient Safety Culture (MOSPSC) composto por cinquenta e uma perguntas que avaliam doze dimensões da segurança do paciente. A confiabilidade do instrumento é de alfa de Cronbach de 0,95. Os dados foram analisados por Estatística Descritiva, por meio da escala de Likert. Resultados: Notaram-se problemas relacionados com a troca de informação com outras instituições, ao processo de trabalho, medo da culpa, punição pelos erros e referentes à gestão. Na avaliação global da Segurança do Paciente, 50% dos profissionais da Estratégia de Saúde da Família consideram “muito bom” e na Unidades Básicas de Saúde, 73,9% consideram “bom”. Conclusão: Resultados mostram uma cultura de segurança com potencialidades e fragilidades que necessitam ser trabalhadas, considerando o enfermeiro como alicerce deste processo para fortalecimento da qualidade e segurança do paciente na Atenção Primária à Saúde