a review

Este estudo contou com o financiamento da Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia: Projecto ChromAz (PTDC/HARHIS/1899/2020), Projecto White Glazes (CEECIND/00882/2017) e Unidade de I&D Vicarte (UIDP/00729/2020 e UIDB/00729/2020). Os autores agradecem também aos revisores, cujas sugestões contribuíram para melhorar este trabalho.This paper summarises the available information to date on the pigments used on Portuguese azulejos between the late 16th century and the beginning of the 19th century. Most references cited focus on 17th-century tiles, followed by the 16th century, whereas there is very little information on the 18th and 19th centuries. Regardless of chronology, the Portuguese azulejo palette uses cobalt, copper, manganese, and iron oxides to obtain blue, green, purple, and dark brown, respectively. Yellow is obtained through the Naples yellow pigment, which could be mixed with cobalt for obtaining green, or with iron oxide for the orange colour. Blue and yellow are the most studied colours and the currently available knowledge allows us to relate changes in their chemical composition to specific time periods.publishersversionpublishe

Avaliação de Desempenho nas Bibliotecas da Administração Pública

Este painel tem como objectivo proporcionar um espaço de debate e reflexão sobre o modelo de auto-avaliação da CAF - Estrutura Comum de Avaliação, Melhorar as Organizações Públicas através da Auto-Avaliação, com vista a um melhor desempenho das bibliotecas públicas.A prática de avaliação e auto-avaliação nas bibliotecas é um factor importante na sua gestão, que permite trabalhar com objectivos, fazer o levantamento dos seus pontos fortes, identificar as áreas de melhoria, definir as necessidades de formação dos seus colaboradores, melhorar o seu acervo e adquirir novas competências. A avaliação de desempenho serve precisamente para verificar o progresso de uma organização como um todo e suscitar e apoiar o seu desenvolvimento contínuo num mundo em mudança.A comunidade a envolver serão os dirigentes e colaboradores das bibliotecas da administração pública

Population genomics of Bombus terrestris reveals high but unstructured genetic diversity in a potential glacial refugium

Ongoing climate change is expected to cause an increase in temperature and a reduction of precipitation levels in the Mediterranean region, which might cause changes in many species distributions. These effects negatively influence species gene pools, decreasing genetic variability and adaptive potential. Here, we use mitochondrial DNA and RADseq to analyse population genetic structure and genetic diversity of the bumblebee species Bombus terrestris (subspecies Bombus terrestris lusitanicus), in the Iberian Peninsula. Although this subspecies shows a panmictic pattern of population structure across Iberia and beyond, we found differentiation between subspecies B. t. lusitanicus and B. t. africanus, probably caused by the existence of barriers to gene flow between Iberia and North Africa. Furthermore, the results revealed that the Iberian Peninsula harbours a large fraction of B. terrestris intraspecific genetic variation, with the highest number of mitochondrial haplotypes found when compared with any other region in Europe studied so far, suggesting a potential role for the Iberian Peninsula as a glacial refugium. Our findings strengthen the idea that Iberia is a very important source of diversity for the global genetic pool of this species, because rare alleles might play a role in population resilience against human- or climate-mediated changes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mortalidade neonatal em Luanda, Angola: o que pode ser feito para sua redução?

Introduction: One of the main health indicators is infant mortality rate, which is a metric of living conditions and population development. The goal of reducing neonatal mortality requires an adequate knowledge of the real factors at each level of health care so that maternal and human resources are efficiently channeled to the constraint. Countries that have paid special attention to improving health services for the entire pregnancy-puerperal cycle have attained the reduction of infant mortality, especially early neonatal mortality. Objective: The present study aims to describe the profile and analyze the risk factors associated with neonatal mortality in the Angolan context at a tertiary level public maternity hospital, located in Luanda. Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, using secondary data, of provincial base in hospital and ministerial registry instruments from January to December 2012. Results: The results show that the neonatal deaths are not mere occurrences, since they indicate failures of the political powers, professionals of the health system and of the families. Conclusions: This study suggests that the major risk factor for birth mortality in Luanda is the type of delivery (c-section) and that this data is not related to the age of the mother or to premature birth. We also found that there was higher mortality between May and July, during the period of lower rainfall index in the region. However, further studies are needed that may provide a logical framework and arguments for realistic policies to mitigate neonatal mortality.Introdução: Um dos principais indicadores de saúde é a taxa de mortalidade infantil, que é uma métrica de condições de vida e desenvolvimento populacional. A redução da mortalidade neonatal requer um conhecimento adequado dos fatores reais em cada nível de atenção à saúde, de modo que os recursos maternos e humanos sejam eficientemente avaliados. Os países que deram atenção especial à melhoria dos serviços de saúde para todo o ciclo gravídico-puerperal atingiram a redução da mortalidade infantil, especialmente a mortalidade neonatal precoce. Objetivo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever o perfil e analisar os fatores de risco associados à mortalidade neonatal em uma maternidade pública de nível terciário localizada em Luanda, Angola. Método: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo de corte transversal com abordagem quantitativa, utilizando dados secundários de base provincial em instrumentos de registro hospitalar e ministerial de janeiro a dezembro de 2012. Resultados: Os resultados mostram que os óbitos neonatais não são meras ocorrências, pois indicam falhas dos poderes políticos, de profissionais do sistema de saúde e das famílias. Conslusão: Este estudo sugere que o maior fator de risco para mortalidade ao nascimento em Luanda é o tipo de parto (c-section) e que este dado não está relacionado com a idade da mãe ou com o nascimento prematuro. Identificamos também que houve maior mortalidade entre os meses de maio a julho, durante o período de menor índice de chuvas na região. No entanto, são necessários mais estudos que possam fornecer um quadro lógico e argumentos para políticas realistas para mitigar a mortalidade neonatal

AdaptMap: exploring goat diversity and adaptation

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COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men