Las hipótesis de Fisher en Latinoamérica: un análisis de cointegración

En este artículo se evalúan las hipótesis de Fisher y de integración de los mercados latinoamericanos mediante pruebas de cointegración y de cambio estructural endógeno. Los hallazgos sugieren varias conclusiones: a) el efecto Fisher se valida principalmente en Costa Rica; b) el efecto internacional de Fisher se valida débilmente entre Chile y Costa Rica y entre Colombia y México; c) la integración de los países y mercados es heterogénea, y d) únicamente Chile no tuvo cambios estructurales. En el estudio se usan series mensuales de Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, México y Perú durante el periodo comprendido entre enero de 1997 y diciembre de 2014.Neste artigo, avaliam-se as hipóteses de Fisher e de integração dos mercados latino-americanos mediante testes de cointegração e de mudança estrutural endógena. Os achados sugerem várias conclusões: a) o efeito Fisher é validado principalmente na Costa Rica; b) o efeito internacional de Fisher é validado debilmente entre o Chile e a Costa Rica, e entre a Colômbia e o México; c) a integração dos países e mercados é heterogênea; d) unicamente o Chile não teve mudanças estruturais. Além disso, usam-se séries mensais do Brasil, Chile, Colômbia, Costa Rica, México e do Peru durante o período compreendido entre janeiro de 1997 e dezembro de 2014.This article evaluates the Fisher hypothesis and the hypothesis of the integration of Latin American markets through co-integration and endogenous structural change tests. The findings suggest a number of conclusions: a) the Fisher effect is validated mainly in Costa Rica; b) the international Fisher effect is validated weakly between Chile and Costa Rica and between Colombia and Mexico; c) the integration of counties and markets is heterogeneous, and d) only Chile did not present structural changes. The study uses monthly series for Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico and Peru during the January 1997 to December 2014 period

In-situ passive treatment of municipal solid waste (MSW) leachate using a modified drainage leachate collection system (LCS)

This thesis describes a laboratory investigation of in-situ treatment of synthetic leachate representative of that generated by a municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill. The overall objective is to evaluate alternative designs and operating procedures for effective leachate collection in conjunction with efforts to accelerate waste stabilization (i.e. leachate recirculation). In the investigation five 15 cm (6”) diameter PVC columns were packed with pea gravel and concrete of different sizes; geotextiles were also placed between the packed sections as filter-separators and promoters of bacterial growth. Synthetic leachate was continuously input to the top of the columns and circulated at rates representative of operating field conditions. For each column, effluent was discharged to a nitrification reactor before recirculation. The tests were conducted under anaerobic and unsaturated conditions in the columns. Results indicate about a 97% decrease in COD from the synthetic leachate concentration entering the top of the column, and about 98 % conversion of the ammonia to nitrogen gas. COD depletion and methane production were not significantly inhibited by the denitrification process. Optimum Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) for the nitrification-denitrification system makes it economically viable for its development at a landfill site. Gas production shows low CO2 values, decreasing the potential of clogging in the Leachate Collection System (LCS) and extending the Landfill Gas (LFG) network’s life service by generating a less corrosive environment. The use of concrete as an alternative to the most commonly used natural gravel as leachate collection drains may not be a good option. During the experiment, the leachate that permeated the columns packed with crushed concrete, presented a higher pH than the leachate that permeated the natural stone. At the conclusion of the experiment noticeable weathering was observed when the columns where dismantled. Further studies are recommended until more conclusive evidence as to concrete performance is found. The overall results obtained from the experiment show that in situ passive treatment at landfills is viable

Erial de vegetación en montículos

Fil: Ruiz Leal, Adrián. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasFil: Roig, Fidel Antonio. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agraria

The Impact of FDI on CO₂ Emissions in Latin America

This paper uses panel Granger causality tests to study the relationship between sector specific FDI and CO2 emissions. Using a sample of 18 Latin American countries for the 1980-2007 period, we find causality running from FDI in polluting intensive industries (“the dirty sector”) to CO2 emissions per capita. This result is robust to controlling for other factors associated with CO2 emissions and using the ratio of CO2 emissions to GDP. For other sectors, we find no robust evidence that FDI causes CO2 emissions

Music as a Tool for Integral Formation in the University. A Proposal of Education in the Meeting.

Estudios recientes en el campo de la psicología, la pedagogía y la filosofía muestran que la educación musical, debido a su singularidad y los métodos específicos desarrollados, es de suma importancia para el desarrollo armonioso del hombre. Este trabajo toma como posición inicial la poética de las estructuras musicales y, sobre su base, crea una metodología de enseñanza orientada a la personalidad. La esencia de esta propuesta es la interacción de varias áreas de conocimiento y estrategias dirigidas a la persona. OBJETIVO El objetivo principal de este estudio, basado en la base dialógica de la educación universitaria, es presentar una metodología basada en la música como un método para provocar y mejorar la dinámica de una reunión, lo que permitirá al estudiante obtener la experiencia completa de un educador. El segundo objetivo es analizar la consistencia interna y la validez del constructo de Music for Encounter (ME), así como la satisfacción de los estudiantes con la metodología utilizada. Metodo La actividad se muestra en el ejemplo de los estudiantes de la Universidad de Francisco de Vitoria que obtuvieron una maestría en la especialidad de un maestro. Los datos se procesan sobre la base de los indicadores de confiabilidad de Alpha de Cronbach, así como el análisis descriptivo, el análisis de correlación y el análisis del factor de riesgo (AFE). RESULTADOS. Los resultados muestran altos índices de consistencia interna (confiabilidad total 0.886). Las correlaciones entre los factores instrumentales son significativas y altas. Es obvio que AFE indica la presencia de una sola construcción basada en dos factores relacionados. La satisfacción entre los estudiantes es muy alta (M = 5,6; SD = 0.6 de 6). Discusión. Estos resultados demuestran la idoneidad de la definición de la construcción ME para estudiantes universitarios, basada en una herramienta de medición especialmente desarrollada, y la satisfacción de los estudiantes con el método utilizado.post-print971 K

Music and Creativity as Educational Strategies for Sociability. Group Dynamics with Students Pursuing Educational Degrees from the Francisco de Vitoria University in Madrid.

This research work deals with making use of resources related to musical instruction in order to generate strategies for achieving the following objectives: 1) establishing group interaction where cooperative relationships are defined and the roles and forms of leadership are distributed under the logic of group dynamics; 2) stimulating creativity related to musical improvisation based on producing simple sound and rhythmic structures; 3) achieving a state when students are capable of acquiring a musical experience, regardless of whether they have any academic training in conservatories or music schools. In order to achieve these objectives, we have applied such musical resources as percussion instruments (triangles, metallophones, tambourines, Chinese boxes, tom-toms...), proposed unconventional forms of musical notation and resorted to the use of percussion instruments from the Afro-Caribbean region (bongos, congas and timbales) as means for improvisation. In the latter instance, the aim is to generate group dynamics by use of resources linked to the art of sound. Stemming from a group vision of university education, the experience of a methodology centred on music is proposed as a means of provoking and arousing the dynamics of sociability, which is necessary for achieving integral formation for students.post-print1293 K

Los Stos. Mártires Ciriaco y Paula : (vindicación)

Copia digital : Diputación de Málaga. Biblioteca Canovas del Castillo, 201

El fichaje, como técnica de estudio para promover el desarrollo de la actitud científica en los/as formando de docencia de la escuela superior de música “José María Valle Riestra” de Piura - 2005

El propósito es investigar: El fíchaje, como técnica de estudio para promover el desarrollo de la actitud científica de los formandos de Docencia de la Escuela Superior de Música “José María Valle Riestra” de Piura, en el año de 2005. Este estudio corresponde al tipo de investigación Cuantitativa - Cualitativa. El análisis estadístico con la prueba de T de Student permitió ver el nivel de significancia al 1%, así mismo un grado de confianza de 99 %, el cual rechaza la hipótesis nula Los datos estadísticos que sustentan la presente Investigación se obtuvieron procesando los datos del Pre Test y Post Test, instrumento validado y baremado por expertos Docentes universitarios, Profesores e investigadores con una muestra de 150 estudiantes del Instituto Superior Tecnológico “Almirante Miguel Grau” de Piura, elegidos aleatoriamente. Luego, se aplicó a una muestra estratificada de 112 formandos matriculados en la Escuela Superior de Música “José María Valle Riestra” de Piura. Los resultados de esta investigación demuestran que el Fichaje como Técnica de Estudio promueve el desarrollo de la Actitud Científica en los Formandos de Docencia de la Escuela Superior de Música “José María Valle Riestra” de Piura. Esta información se obtuvo después de aplicar un Taller de capacitación, seguido de un Post Test. Finalmente, se concluye que los Formandos conocían el uso del Fichaje como Técnica de Estudio y que el cambio de Actitud Científica es significativo,.como se demuestra en los procesos estadísticos

Evaluating a formal KBS specification language

In recent years, the knowledge engineering community has begun to explore formal specification languages as a tool in the development of knowledge-based systems. These formal knowledge modelling languages have a number of advantages over informal languages, such as their precise meaning and the possibility to derive properties through formal proofs. However, these formal languages also suffer from problems which limit their practical usefulness: they are often not expressive enough to deal with real world applications, formal models are complex and hard to read, and constructing a formal model is a difficult, error prone and expensive process. The goal of the study presented in this paper is to investigate the usability of one such formal {KBS} modelling language, called (ML)^2. (ML)^2 is strongly based on the structure of the knowledge-models used in the KADS KBS development method. We first designed a set of evaluation criteria. We then applied (ML)^2 in two case-studies and scored the language on our evaluation criteria. (ML)^2 scored well on most of our criteria. This leads us to conjecture that the close correspondence between the informal KADS models and the formal (ML)^2 models avoids some of the problems that traditionally plague formal specification languages