O uso do plágio de forma inconsciente na elaboração de trabalhos escolares por alunos do ensino básico e secundário

Os professores defrontam-se nas escolas diariamente com diversos desafios, especialmente: despertar nos alunos a habilidade de gerir os seus pensamentos e emoções, motiva-los de forma a tornarem-se atores principais das suas aprendizagens, ensiná-los a pesquisar, tratar os dados da pesquisa e a formar opinião crítica. Acrescenta-se também que a escola para além de um lugar de aprendizagem, é um meio privilegiado de criação e estabelecimento de relações, pelo que deve ser um dos principais dinamizadores no combate de possíveis comportamentos desviantes. O professor deve dinamizar as suas aulas de forma a proporcionar aos alunos autonomia na aprendizagem. O objetivo do professor é ensinar o aluno a formular problemas, planear, orientar, pesquisar, selecionar e aplicar dados, incentivando-os ao desenvolvimento do seu pensamento crítico. O tema de investigação, “O uso do plágio de forma inconsciente na elaboração de trabalhos escolares por alunos do Ensino Básico e Secundário”, surgiu após a observação de más práticas na elaboração de trabalhos de pesquisa na disciplina de TIC pelos alunos. O objetivo desta investigação foi conhecer quais as razões apontadas pelos inquiridos como razão para incorrerem no plágio. Será uma ação racional, ou puro esquecimento na referenciação bibliográfica? Neste relatório, descreve-se e reflete-se sobre qual o papel do professor, quais as tarefas realizadas durante a PES (de componente letiva e não letiva), atividades do núcleo de estágio, a investigação efetuada, análise dos resultados obtidos e suas conclusões.Teachers in schools are faced daily with many challenges, especially: to awaken in students the ability to manage their thoughts and emotions, motivate them to become leading actors of their learning, teach them how to search, treat the survey data and form critical opinion. It is also added that the school beyond a place of learning, is a privileged mean of creating and establishing relationships, reason why should be one of the main forces on the combat of possible deviant behaviours. Teacher should streamline their classes in order to by providing students autonomy in learning. The goal of the teacher is to teach the student to plan, guide, search, select and apply data, encouraging them to develop their critical thinking. The research theme, "The use of unconscious plagiarism in preparing school work by students of Elementary and Secondary Education", came after observation of malpractice by students in the preparation of research works on TIC subject. The objective of this research was to know the reasons cited by respondents as a reason for incurring the plagiarism. Is it a rational action, or pure forgetfulness in bibliographic reference? In this report, describes and reflects on the role of the teacher, the tasks performed during the PES (of lective and not lective component), activities of the core stage, research performed, analysis of results and conclusions

Associação ou sociedade : que modelo para as entidades desportivas : análise das principais diferenças de regime e de especificidades do regime legal das sociedades desportivas

As associações e as sociedades comerciais são duas pessoas jurídicas de elevado relevo, assumindo especial importância o seu estudo para se distinguir uma figura da outra e perceber o que as separa, estando intrinsecamente ligadas ao desporto, meio cada vez mais acompanhado e explorado por novos intervenientes que vão aparecendo dia a dia, visando a oportunidade de triunfarem e que o seu investimento alcance o retorno desejado. Da conjugação destes dois mundos, deverá encontrar-se aquela que é a melhor solução para um clube desportivo participar nas competições desportivas profissionais com o escopo de aí ser bem-sucedido e, sobretudo, adaptar-se às novas realidades em constante mutação. Deste modo, no âmbito desportivo existem as sociedades desportivas que podem ser constituídas sob a forma de sociedade anónima desportiva ou sociedade desportiva unipessoal por quotas e cujo regime jurídico está regulado no Decreto-Lei nº10/2013, de 25 de janeiro. Apesar de este diploma ter sido uma novidade e indispensável, tendo em conta a maior regulação que era imprescindível tomar no mundo do desporto e, consequentemente, das sociedades desportivas, não é imune a críticas dado que pode ainda ser pouco convincente e insuficiente para defender os interesses daquelas sociedades.Associations and commercial companies are two very important legal entities, with their study being particularly relevant in order to distinguish one from other and to understand the differences between them, being intrinsically linked to sport, as means increasingly followed and explored environment by new parties envolved that appear every day with the main goal to have an opportunity to triumph and see their investments pay off rising. From the combination of these two worlds, there must be found which is the best solution for a sports club to participate in the professional competitions with the main goal of being successful and, above all, to adapt to the new realities that are always changing. Thereby, in sport”s environment, there are sport”s companies that can be constitutued in the form of a public limited liability sport”s company or single shareholder limited liability sports company proprietorship sports company, whose judicial regime is regulated in Decree-Law nº10/2013, 25th of january. Although, this diploma was a novelty and indispensable, taking into account the need of a greater regulation in the world of sports and, consequently, of sports societies, it is not immune to criticism because it may still be unconvincing and insufficient to defend the interests of those societies

Spinal cord lesion by minor trauma as an early sign of multiple system atrophy

Copyright: © 2016 Brum, Reimão, Sousa, de Carvalho and Ferreira. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is characterized clinically by parkinsonism, cerebellar, autonomic, and corticospinal features of variable severity. When the presentation is only parkinsonism, the disease might be difficult to differentiate from Parkinson's disease (PD). We present a case of an 80-year-old man with previous diagnosis of PD. One year after the diagnosis, he had a whiplash cervical trauma due to a tricycle accident caused by a hole in the road. This low-energy trauma caused an unstable C4-C5 cervical fracture with spinal cord injury, which required surgical decompression and stabilization. Neurological examination showed marked postural instability, no rest and postural tremor, finger tapping slowed on the right, spastic tetraparesis (ASIA D) - predominantly on the left side, brisk deep tendon reflexes in the upper and lower extremities, and bilateral extensor plantar response. He also presented with vertical gaze restriction, mild hypometria in horizontal saccades, moderate dysphagia, and dysphonia. As atypical parkinsonism was suspected, he underwent an MRI that revealed conjunction of findings suggestive of parkinsonian-type MSA. In our case, we hypothesize that the loss of postural reflexes, as an early manifestation of MSA, did not allow the patient to have an effective reaction response to a low-energy trauma, resulting in a more severe injury. With this case report, we speculate that the severe spinal lesions caused by minor accidents can be an early sign of postural instability, which may lead to clinical suspicion of neurodegenerative disorder manifested by postural reflexes impairment.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Technology and special educational needs: let's play “Doing Good Deeds!”

“Doing Good Deeds!” is a game directed to children with special needs, in pre and elementary school age that aims to promote the development of social skills in diferente contexts. Structurally, this game has available a set of Avatars that players can choose to represent them. To adapt the game to each child, an administration module was developed, corresponding to the back office of the game, which allows the educator to create or change contexts, difficulty levels and sequences. This module includes also the visualization of the user performance, in particular the duration of each game, the number of attempts with and without success, allowing the educator to analyze the progress of each player.The authors would like to express their acknowledgments to COMPETE: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007043 and FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the Project Scope: UID/CEC/00319/2013 for the support. The authors are also grateful to the Portuguese Foundation for the Science and Technology (FCT) through the financial support, Pest-OE/CED/UI1661/2014 projects, FEDER funds through the Competitivity Factors Operational Program – COMPETE.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Breeding ecology of the Bare-Faced Ibis (Phimosus infuscatus) in Southern Brazil

The Bare-faced Ibis is a gregarious bird found in South America. In the face of a rapid expansion in a southern state in Brazil and a lack of detailed information about the species' reproduction, two breeding areas were studied weekly for two consecutive seasons. We registered numbers and characteristics of adults, nests, eggs, and chicks, calculated success estimates, and assessed nest installation preferences. Chick morphology, age, and measurements served to define five growth stages. The species used the margins of two close rivers in Santa Catarina to build nests, lay eggs, and develop parental care between August and January, with success estimates as expected for the family. We observed a preference for the eastern margin of the rivers and proximity to bridges for nest installation, where the muddy margin provides resources for juvenile feeding. Two colony models were defined based on the near or far installation of the nests. Variations in egg and chick dimensions indicated higher adult investment in the second season, with negative allometric growth of the bill and tarsus of chicks related to weight. The results presented suggest favorable conditions for the species’ reproduction in the region, a considerable factor in understanding its expansion in recent years

Detection of \u3ci\u3eGiardia duodenalis\u3c/i\u3e antigen in coprolites using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

The objective of this experiment was to assess the utility of a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit for diagnosis of giardiasis in archaeological human remains. The kit, a monoclonal antibody assay, is used to detect the presence of Giardia-specific antigen 65 (GSA65) in human feces. We utilized the assay in ancient fecal material. The material included desiccated feces found in mummies or in archaeological sites, and sediments from latrines. A total of 83 specimens, previously examined microscopically for parasites, were examined. The ELISA detected 3 positive samples, dated to about 1200 AD, 1600 AD, and 1700 AD. The ELISA was superior to direct observation. It was possible to identify G. duodenalis cysts by direct microscopy in only one of these samples. The results did not show cross-reactivity between this protozoan and helminths. The use of ELISA to detect G. duodenalis coproantigen could help the diagnosis of giardiasis in ancient human remains

Fibrose cística com dosagem de cloro no suor normal: relato de caso

A fibrose cística é uma doença genética usualmente diagnosticada através de teste anormal de dosagem de cloro no suor. Os autores descrevem o caso de uma paciente de 18 anos com bronquiectasias e infecção crônica por P. aeruginosa mas com dosagens de cloro no suor normais que evoluiu com rápido declínio da função pulmonar e piora clínica, a despeito do tratamento. Dada a forte suspeita de fibrose cística, realizou-se um teste de genotipagem amplo, evidenciando a presença de mutações deltaF508 e 3849+10kb C->;T, deste modo confirmando o diagnóstico de fibrose cística . Apesar da dosagem de cloro no suor ainda ser considerada o padrão ouro para o diagnóstico de fibrose cística , testes diagnósticos alternativos como genotipagem e medidas eletrofisiológicas devem ser empregados se há suspeita de fibrose cística , mesmo com níveis normais ou limítrofes de níveis de cloro no suor.Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease usually diagnosed by abnormal sweat testing. We report a case of an 18-year-old female with bronchiectasis, chronic P. aeruginosa infection, and normal sweat chloride concentrations who experienced rapid decrease of lung function and clinical deterioration despite treatment. Given the high suspicion ofcystic fibrosis, broad genotyping testing was performed, showing a compound heterozygous with deltaF508 and 3849+10kb C->;T mutations, therefore confirming cystic fibrosis diagnosis. Although the sweat chloride test remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis, alternative diagnostic tests such as genotyping and electrophysiologic measurements must be performed if there is suspicion of cystic fibrosis, despite normal or borderline sweat chloride levels

Following the trail: factors underlying the sudden expansion of the Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon) in Portugal

Species range-limits are influenced by a combination of several factors. In our study we aimed to unveil the drivers underlying the expansion of the Egyptian mongoose in Portugal, a carnivore that was confined to southern Portugal and largely increased its range during the last three decades. We evaluated the expansion of the species in three periods (1980- 1990, 1990-2000 and 2000-2010), by projecting the presence/absence data of the species in each temporal range and proposed four hypotheses to explain this sudden expansion associated to changes in the barrier effects of human infrastructure and topographic features, and in the availability of suitable areas due to climate change or land use. An exploratory analysis was made using Spearman rank correlation, followed by a hierarchical partitioning analysis to select uncorrelated potential explanatory variables associated with the different hypotheses. We then ran Generalized Linear Models (GLM) for every period for each hypothesis and for every combination of hypotheses. Our main findings suggest that dynamic transitions of land-use coupled with temperature and rainfall variations over the decades are the main drivers promoting the mongoose expansion. The geographic barriers and the human infrastructures functioned as barriers for mongoose expansion and have shaped its distribution. The expansion of the Egyptian mongoose across the Portuguese territory was due to a variety of factors. Our results suggest a rapid shift in species range in response to land-use and climate changes, underlining the close link between species ranges and a changing environment

Let's talk! Clinical research project of therapeutic occupation activities on conversation and social interaction

Introduction: Impairments in thought processes, perception, interaction skills, and social functioning are common in individuals with schizophrenia. The Therapeutic Occupation Activities (TOA) promote, prevent, empower, and recover their social skills and appropriate verbal and nonverbal behaviors. This study reviews the evidence on the relevance, effectiveness, and benefits of this learning and training. Development: A single-case experimental study was conducted with individuals with schizophrenia admitted to the Rehabilitation Unit (UCAERe-T), with the purpose of assessing the effectiveness of the structured TOA program of Conversation and Social Interaction for learning and training communication/conversation skills with individuals with schizophrenia. Conclusion: This continuous improvement project, in both areas related to clinical research and outreach partnership services, intends to improve several clinical outcomes, namely personal and social functioning, social involvement, social interaction skills, personal well-being, interpersonal behavior, mood equilibrium, motivation, self-esteem, and personal autonomy, as well as achieve production indicators.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Let's talk! Clinical research project of therapeutic occupation activities on conversation and social interaction

Introduction: Impairments in thought processes, perception, interaction skills, and social functioning are common in individuals with schizophrenia. The Therapeutic Occupation Activities (TOA) promote, prevent, empower, and recover their social skills and appropriate verbal and nonverbal behaviors. This study reviews the evidence on the relevance, effectiveness, and benefits of this learning and training. Development: A single-case experimental study was conducted with individuals with schizophrenia admitted to the Rehabilitation Unit (UCAERe-T), with the purpose of assessing the effectiveness of the structured TOA program of Conversation and Social Interaction for learning and training communication/conversation skills with individuals with schizophrenia. Conclusion: This continuous improvement project, in both areas related to clinical research and outreach partnership services, intends to improve several clinical outcomes, namely personal and social functioning, social involvement, social interaction skills, personal well-being, interpersonal behavior, mood equilibrium, motivation, self-esteem, and personal autonomy, as well as achieve production indicators.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio