Dinâmica populacional e reprodução de pequenos mamíferos de uma Floresta Estacional do Maciço do Urucum, oeste do Pantanal, Brasil

The population dynamics and reproduction of Cricetid rodents of the Urucum Mountains were analyzed in a region poorly known in terms of life history characteristics of mammals. Animals were obtained from a museum’s mammal collection, but were originally captured using pitfalls. Data collection was performed for five days every month in three areas, from December 2000 to September 2002. The most frequent species found were the rodents Akodon toba, Calomys callosus, Euryoryzomys nitidus, and Oecomys bicolor. These species were usually more abundant in the rainy season and in the beginning of the dry season. However, there were differences between young and adults for A. toba and E. nitidus, with both species showing a peak of young in the rainy season, followed by a posterior peak of adults in the early dry season. Thus, there was a correlation between the population variations of A. toba and C. callosus, and between E. nitidus and O. bicolor. The seasonal availability of resources should be influencing the reproduction rate as well as the occurrence of young in the populations, since the climatic seasons are well defined in the region. Calomys callosus showed the largest litter size and presence of sexual dimorphism in size and mass. The species showed mostly similar responses to climatic seasonality, but differed in attributes related to their specific life histories.Key words: reproductive effort, abundance, sexual dimorphism, sex ratio, small mammals, litter size, seasonality response, male reproductive condition.A variação populacional e reprodutiva de roedores cricetídeos do Maciço do Urucum foi analisada em uma região pouco conhecida em relação à história natural de mamíferos. Embora os espécimes tenham sido obtidos de museu, estes foram capturados através de armadilhas de queda e puderam ser analisado em relação à ecologia populacional. As coletas foram realizadas em fases mensais, com cinco dias de duração, em três áreas, de dezembro de 2000 a setembro de 2002. As espécies mais abundantes foram os roedores Akodon toba, Calomys callosus, Euryoryzomys nitidus e Oecomys bicolor. As abundâncias das espécies foram normalmente maiores durante a estação chuvosa e início da estação seca. Porém, houve diferença importante nos picos populacionais entre jovens e adultos de A. toba e E. nitidus, sendo que ambas as espécies apresentaram um pico de jovens na estação chuvosa, enquanto que adultos o apresentaram na estação seca. Assim, houve correlação entre as variações populacionais de A. toba e C. callosus e, por outro lado, entre E. nitidus e O. bicolor. A disponibilidade sazonal de recursos deve estar relacionada à atividade reprodutiva das espécies e à presença de jovens nas populações, visto que a sazonalidade climática é bem marcante na região. Calomys callosus apresentou o maior tamanho de ninhada e presença de dimorfismo sexual em tamanho e massa corporal. As espécies mostraram respostas aproximadamente similares em relação às estações climáticas, mas diferiram em certos atributos específicos relacionados às suas histórias de vida.Palavras-chave: esforço reprodutivo, abundância, dimorfismo sexual, pequenos mamíferos, tamanho de ninhada, resposta à sazonalidade, condição reprodutiva de machos

Spondias purpurea

Spondias purpurea is used in folk medicine to treat diarrhea and diuresis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical profile and antioxidant and antiulcer activities of the hexane extract of the leaves of S. purpurea (SpHE). Phytochemical profile was evaluated via thin layer chromatography (TLC) and HPLC. SpHE was screened for antioxidant activities using DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and phosphomolybdenum assays. To determine its antiulcer properties, animals were pretreated with injured control, lansoprazole, ranitidine, carbenoxolone, or SpHE (12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg) and were screened; acute ulcers were induced by HCl/ethanol, absolute ethanol, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). TLC revealed the presence of flavonoids, whereas HPLC analysis showed the presence of caffeic acid and epigallocatechin. The phenolic compounds and in vitro assays showed antioxidant activity. After gastric ulcer induction by using HCl/ethanol, SpHE reduced the area of ulcerative lesions by 82, 91, and 88%, respectively. In ethanol, SpHE reduced the area of ulcerative lesions by 77, 93, and 92%, respectively. In the NSAID, the percentages of protection were 70, 76, and 78%, respectively. SpHE promoted the minimization of ulcers, increased the levels of reduced glutathione, and decreased tumor necrosis factor. S. purpurea has antioxidant and antiulcer properties

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Reptilia, Squamata, Serpentes, Dipsadidae, Sibynomorphus lavillai Scrocchi, Porto and Rey 1993: new country record and geographic distribution map

Non

Helminth component community of the paradoxal frog Pseudis platensis Gallardo, 1961 (Anura: Hylidae) from south-eastern Pantanal, Brazil

The importance of understanding the role of parasites in ecosystems and the structure of parasite communities was addressed by studying the helminth component community of the paradox frog Pseudis platensis. Thirty-two specimens of P. platensis were collected in the south-eastern Pantanal, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in March 2006 and April 2008, then surveyed for helminth parasites. The component community was composed of eight species: the trematodes Catadiscus propinquus, Catadiscus sp., Glypthelmins palmipedis, two metacercariae of undetermined species, the nematodes Cosmocerca podicipinus and Rhabdias sp., and an encysted larva. Catadiscus sp. dominated in the community with high prevalence (85.4%) and Berger Parker Index (0.75). Glypthelmins palmipedis was the second most prevalent and abundant species, while C. podicipinus and Rhabdias sp. were each found in only one host specimen. The high abundance of digeneans may be explained by the aquatic lifestyle of P. platensis. The helminth species found in this study were reported to infect other host species, corroborating the hypothesis that amphibian parasite communities are composed of generalist species. Pseudis platensis is a new host record for C. propinquus, C. podicipinus, and Rhabdias sp.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Dataset of occurrences and ecological traits of amphibians from Upper Paraguay River Basin, central South America

There are many gaps in our biodiversity knowledge, especially in highly diverse regions such as the Neotropics. Basic information on species occurrence and traits are scattered throughout different literature sources, which makes it difficult to access data and ultimately delays advances in ecology, evolution, and conservation biology. We provide species occurrence and trait data for amphibian species in the Upper Paraguay River Basin, central South America. The compiled information is made available through two different datasets that hold (i) 17K species occurrence records and (ii) 30 species-level traits for 113 amphibian species. The first dataset includes the species occurrence records and informs specimen id, collection of housing, locality, geographical coordinates, geographic accuracy, collection date, and collector name. The second dataset covers species-level attributes on morphometry, diet, activity, habitat, and breeding strategy. These datasets improve accessibility to spatial and trait data for amphibian species in the Pantanal ecoregion, one of the largest wetlands on Earth

Database

Dataset used in the manuscrip