Allelophatic potential of bio-extracts from sugar cane residues in control of bidens pilosa and taraxacum officinale

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial alelopático de resíduos da cana-de-açúcar utilizando bioensaios na germinação de sementes e crescimento de plantas daninhas e plantas bioindicadoras. As doses do bioextrato de palha da cana-de-açúcar estimulou o comprimento da parte aérea das plantas daninhas (dente-de-leão e picão-preto) e inibiu o seu percentual de germinação. As doses de palha da cana-de-açúcar podem inibir ou estimular o desenvolvimento das espécies em estudo. As espécies foram inibidas quando pulverizado o pó da palha da cana-de-açúcar em todas as variáveis analisadas. Com os resultados deste estudo, verifica-se a necessidade da continuação deste trabalho, onde poderá ser isolado e identificado o composto fitoquímico de interesse do pó da palha e do bioextrato da palha de cana-de-açúcar, sendo utilizado como controle natural nas fases de germinação e/ou desenvolvimento de plântula ou planta de espécies daninhas (dente-de-leão e picãopreto).The objective of this work was to evaluate the allelopathic potential of sugarcane residues using bioassays in seed germination and weed and bioindicator plant growth. The doses of sugarcane straw bioextract stimulated the length of the weeds shoot (dandelion and black prick) and inhibited their germination percentage. Sugarcane straw doses may inhibit or stimulate the development of the species under study. The species were inhibited when powdered sugarcane straw was pulverized in all the variables analyzed. With the results of this study, it is necessary to continue this work, where it can be isolated and identified the phytochemical compound of interest of the straw powder and the sugarcane straw bioextract, being used as natural control in the phases germination and/or development of seedlings or weeds (dandelion and black prick).Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Potencial alelopático de bioextratos dos resíduos da cana-de-açúcar no controle de bidens pilosa e taraxacum officinale

The objective of this work was to evaluate the allelopathic potential of sugarcane residues using bioassays inseed germination and weed and bioindicator plant growth. The doses of sugarcane straw bioextract stimulated the length of the weeds shoot (dandelion and black prick) and inhibited their germination percentage. Sugarcane straw doses may inhibit or stimulate the development of the species under study. The species were inhibited when powdered sugarcane straw was pulverized in all the variables analyzed. With the results of this study, it is necessary to continue this work, where it can be isolated and identified the phytochemical compound of interest of the straw powder and the sugarcane straw bioextract, being used as natural control in the phases germination and/or development of seedlings or weeds (dandelion and black prick).O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial alelopático de resíduos da cana-de-açúcar utilizando bioensaios na germinação de sementes e crescimento de plantas daninhas e plantas bioindicadoras. As doses do bioextratode palha da cana-de-açúcar estimulou o comprimento da parte aérea das plantas daninhas (dente-de-leão epicão-preto) e inibiu o seu percentual de germinação. As doses de palha da cana-de-açúcar podem inibir ou estimular o desenvolvimento das espécies em estudo. As espécies foram inibidas quando pulverizado o pó da palha da cana-de-açúcar em todas as variáveis analisadas. Com os resultados deste estudo, verifica-se a necessidade da continuação deste trabalho, onde poderá ser isolado e identificado o composto fitoquímico de interesse do pó da palha e do bioextrato da palha de cana-de-açúcar, sendo utilizado como controle natural nas fases de germinação e/ou desenvolvimento de plântula ou planta de espécies daninhas (dente-de-leão e picãopreto)

Diverticulite: fisiopatologia e manejo terapêutico : Diverticulitis: pathophysiology and therapeutic management

Diverticulite é retratada como uma doença intestinal marcada pelo processo inflamatório na parede interna do intestino. Tal afecção colônica, a mais comum dentro das não neoplásicas, é considerada uma complicação clínica frequente, normalmente com curso não complicado da doença diverticular, de modo que afeta entre 10% a 25% dos pacientes com essa patologia. Estudos recentes têm evidenciado a relação do aumento da idade com a prevalência de diverticulose, ainda que, na atual conjuntura, também tem-se notado a incidência de diverticulite sintomática em pessoas cada vez mais jovens - entre 18 e 44 anos. A fisiopatologia da doença diverticular não é plenamente compreendida e pesquisas mostram que ela sofre a influência de diferentes fatores causais, tais como genética, obesidade, alterações estruturais, níveis de vitamina D, idade, atividade física, tabagismo, ingestão de fibras e medicamentos. Ainda que comumente se apresente como assintomática, essa doença pode em alguns casos apresentar manifestações inespecíficas, como dor ou constipação. Vale ressaltar que, dentre as manifestações clínicas, a mais frequente é a dor no quadrante inferior esquerdo do abdome. O diagnóstico é essencialmente clínico, ainda que exames laboratoriais, como o PCR, podem ser usados. O manejo terapêutico dessa afecção, principalmente em sua manifestação aguda, é feito em etapas, com auxílio dos critérios de Hinchey, segundo análise da gravidade da apresentação do quadro clínico, atentando-se às comorbidades e complicações que o paciente pode apresentar. Por fim, foi constatado que as complicações da diverticulite, tal qual abscesso, fístula, peritonite ou perfuração, frequentemente transcorrem, com exceção da fístula, no primeiro acontecimento da doença em comparação com episódios seguintes

Racial inequalities in trends in adolescent motherhood and access to prenatal care in Brazil, 2008- 2019.

Teenage pregnancy and motherhood are issues related to human rights, sexual and reproductive rights, and public health. To identify racial inequities in nationwide temporal trends of teenage motherhood and access to antenatal visits in Brazil. A descriptive analysis of the proportion of adolescent mothers of live births, sociodemographic characteristics, and the number of prenatal visits according to race/color and age group (10-14 and 15-19 years) was performed using data from the Live Birth Information System. Trends over time were evaluated using negative binomial regression models. During the analysis period, 6.118.205 adolescents mothers were identified, with the highest proportion of mothers between 15-19 years of age (95.14%). The trend analysis showed an overall pattern of decreasing proportions of motherhood among adolescents aged 10-14 (RR=0.97; p<0.0001) and a stationary trend among those aged between 15-19 (RR=0.99; p=0.611). Racial inequities were found, with a descending trend observed only among White (10-14 and 15-19 age groups) and Mixed/Brown (ages 10-14) adolescents. Trends were ascending for both age groups among Indigenous girls and stationary for Blacks. Indigenous (20.8%), Mixed/Brown (40.4%) and Black (41.9%) are the ones that least refer to the performance of 7 or more prenatal visits compared to White (56.6%). Racial inequities cross the sexual and reproductive trajectories of girls and adolescents, leading to unintended maternity wards. Health policies should consider racism and its manifestations that create barriers to access to prenatal care faced by girls and adolescents in Brazil.A gravidez e a maternidade na adolescência são questões relacionadas aos direitos humanos, aos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos e à saúde pública. Identificar iniquidades raciais nas tendências temporais da maternidade na adolescência e acesso ao pré-natal no Brasil. Foi realizada uma análise descritiva da proporção de mães adolescentes de nascidos vivos, características sociodemográficas e número de consultas pré-natais segundo raça/cor e faixa etária (10-14 e 15-19 anos) com dados do Sistema de Informação de Nascidos Vivos. As tendências ao longo do tempo foram avaliadas usando modelos de regressão binomial negativa. No período da análise, foram identificadas 6.118.205 mães adolescentes, sendo a maior proporção de mães entre 15-19 anos de idade (95,14%). A análise de tendência mostrou um padrão geral decrescente de maternidade entre as adolescentes de 10 a 14 anos (RR=0,97; p<0,0001) e uma tendência estacionária entre as que tem idade entre 15 e 19 anos (RR=0,99; p=0,611). Iniquidades raciais foram encontradas, com tendência decrescente observada apenas entre adolescentes Brancas (faixas 10-14 e 15-19) e Pardas (10-14 anos). Iniquidades raciais também foram encontradas no número de consultas pré-natais e nas características sociodemográficas. Indígenas (20,8%), Pardas (40,4%) e Pretas (41,9%) são as que menos referem a realização de 7 ou mais consultas de pré-natal em relação às Brancas (56,6%). As iniquidades raciais atravessam as trajetórias sexuais e reprodutivas de meninas e adolescentes levando a maternidades não pretendidas. As políticas de saúde devem considerar o racismo e suas manifestações

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

<i>In vitro</i> antiviral activity of the anti-HCV drugs daclatasvir and sofosbuvir against SARS-CoV-2, the aetiological agent of COVID-19

BackgroundCurrent approaches of drug repurposing against COVID-19 have not proven overwhelmingly successful and the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues to cause major global mortality. SARS-CoV-2 nsp12, its RNA polymerase, shares homology in the nucleotide uptake channel with the HCV orthologue enzyme NS5B. Besides, HCV enzyme NS5A has pleiotropic activities, such as RNA binding, that are shared with various SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Thus, anti-HCV NS5B and NS5A inhibitors, like sofosbuvir and daclatasvir, respectively, could be endowed with anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity.MethodsSARS-CoV-2-infected Vero cells, HuH-7 cells, Calu-3 cells, neural stem cells and monocytes were used to investigate the effects of daclatasvir and sofosbuvir. In silico and cell-free based assays were performed with SARS-CoV-2 RNA and nsp12 to better comprehend the mechanism of inhibition of the investigated compounds. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was generated to estimate daclatasvir's dose and schedule to maximize the probability of success for COVID-19.ResultsDaclatasvir inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero, HuH-7 and Calu-3 cells, with potencies of 0.8, 0.6 and 1.1 μM, respectively. Although less potent than daclatasvir, sofosbuvir alone and combined with daclatasvir inhibited replication in Calu-3 cells. Sofosbuvir and daclatasvir prevented virus-induced neuronal apoptosis and release of cytokine storm-related inflammatory mediators, respectively. Sofosbuvir inhibited RNA synthesis by chain termination and daclatasvir targeted the folding of secondary RNA structures in the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Concentrations required for partial daclatasvir in vitro activity are achieved in plasma at Cmax after administration of the approved dose to humans.ConclusionsDaclatasvir, alone or in combination with sofosbuvir, at higher doses than used against HCV, may be further fostered as an anti-COVID-19 therapy

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost