Câncer ginecológico e suas políticas públicas sob a perspectiva de Peplau

When paralleling the Interpersonal Theory with public health policies in Brazil and the assistance to women in health promotion, prevention or treatment of gynecological cancer, it is reflected that gynecological cancer in women is seen by the woman herself as a part of your self, is your femininity, your identity; concepts which are deeply crushed by the news of a cancer diagnosis. In view of the exchange of experiences at the time of assistance, Peplau states that the assistance and the relationship of those involved are influenced by the external environment (environment), internal environment (personality, lived experiences, religion, culture) and the professional's posture. In this scenario of a fragile and frightened woman, often without due privacy or attention due to the lack of inputs, structure and high demand from the public health service in Brazil, her assistance can be compromised, precisely because she does not have interpersonal skills, either in promotion health, prevention or treatment. It can be said that information is a precious asset when it comes to health care. In addition to the correct information, the nursing professional and the others who form the multidisciplinary team need to have an empathetic, humanized, welcoming attitude, based on science, ethics and respect for the woman's life, in order to pass the correct information in the correct way for greater adherence. Given “golden assistance”, it is only possible based on public training policies for its employees, which certainly not only update and train professionals, they save lives.Ao realizar um paralelo da Teoria Interpessoal com as políticas públicas de saúde do Brasil e a assistência à mulher na promoção da saúde, prevenção ou tratamento de câncer ginecológico, reflete-se que o câncer ginecológico em mulheres é visto pela própria mulher como uma parte do seu eu, é a sua feminilidade, sua identidade; conceitos os quais são profundamente esmagados com a notícia de um diagnóstico de câncer. Tendo em vista a troca de experiências na hora da assistência, Peplau afirma que a assistência e o relacionamento dos envolvidos são influenciados pelo meio externo (ambiente), meio interno (personalidade, experiências vividas, religião, cultura) e pela postura do profissional. Neste cenário de uma mulher fragilidade e amedrontada, muitas vezes sem a devida privacidade ou atenção pela falta de insumos, estrutura e alta demanda do serviço público de saúde do Brasil, sua assistência pode ser comprometida, justamente por não ter a interpessoalidade, seja na promoção da saúde, prevenção ou tratamento. Pode-se dizer que a informação é um bem precioso quando se trata de assistência à saúde. Além da informação correta, o profissional de enfermagem e os demais que formam a equipe multidisciplinar precisam ter uma postura empática, humanizada, de acolhimento, fundamentadas na ciência, ética e respeito à vida da mulher, a fim de passar a informação correta da forma correta para a maior adesão. Dada “assistência de ouro” só é possível a partir de políticas públicas de capacitação de seus colaboradores que, certamente, não apenas atualizam e capacitam o profissional, salvam vidas

A atenção do enfermeiro na assistência ao pré-natal de baixo risco/Nurse's attention in assisting low risk prenatal

Esta pesquisa trata-se de um estudo de revisão bibliográfica, de natureza descritiva fundamentada na assistência do enfermeiro frente ao pré-natal de baixo risco. O objetivo do trabalho foi realizar um levantamento bibliográfico sobre a atenção do enfermeiro na assistência ao pré-natal de baixo risco, assim como a abordagem frente as dificuldades encontrada e sucesso para um bom parto. Com este estudo, identificou-se a importância da atuação do enfermeiro no acompanhamento do pré-natal bem como a realização dos grupos de gestante na atenção básica. Conclui-se que há necessidade de educação em saúde a população sobre a importância da assistência do enfermeiro durante o pré-natal nas instituições, e buscar medidas constantes de redução da taxa de óbitos neonatal e complicações no parto, e implementação nas instituições de âmbito hospitalar, inclusive de práticas junto a equipe multidisciplinar para eficácia no pré-natal

Atuação do enfermeiro na bronquite asmática infantil / Performance of nurses in child asmatic bronchitis

Esta pesquisa trata-se de um estudo de revisão bibliográfica, de natureza descritiva fundamentada na assistência de enfermagem frente à crise asmática infantil, num ambiente emergencial, auxiliando na reabilitação do mesmo durante o processo de atendimento. A asma brônquica é uma doença crônica caracterizada por inflamação da via aérea, hiper-responsividade brônquica e crises de broncoespasmo com obstrução reversível ao fluxo aéreo. O desenvolvimento e manutenção da asma dependem da ação de fatores externos variados em indivíduos geneticamente predispostos e, é considerada, em todo mundo, um problema de saúde pública devido à alta prevalência e custos socioeconômicos. A asma é uma doença crônica que afeta cerca de 10% da população, sendo considerada a principal doença crônica na infância, gerando sofrimento aos seus portadores e familiares, e o profissional enfermeiro assume um papel fundamental durante a crise brônquica asmática promovendo, junto ao seu conhecimento clínico e cientifico, acompanhamento qualificado e excelência na atuação de suas técnicas

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora

Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

AimAmazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types.LocationAmazonia.TaxonAngiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots).MethodsData for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny.ResultsIn the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types.Main ConclusionNumerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R$^{2}$ = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R$^{2}$ = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Patrimônio e desenvolvimento: as políticas de patrimônio cultural nos anos 1960

This article aims at analyzing aspects of 1960s Brazilian cultural heritage policies, highlighting changes related to the articulation of concepts such as development, culture and heritage within the Directory of National Historical and Artistic Heritage - DPHAN, today Institute of National Historical and Artistic Heritage (IPHAN). It discusses the effects of industrialization, urban growth and development improvement measures on heritage concepts and policies, analyzing initiatives that focus on preserving cultural assets acknowledged as national historical and artistic heritage and enhancing their economical potential. The discussion emphasizes notions and understandings on heritage and preservation that had substantial bearing on preservation measures carried on by DPHAN from the 1960s on regarding the identification, valorization and protection of cultural heritage, as well as the disciplinary and institutional debates this Directory proposed.O objetivo deste artigo é analisar especificidades dos anos 1960 no que diz respeito às políticas de patrimônio, destacando algumas mudanças de entendimentos, noções e propostas, notadamente referentes às relações entre desenvolvimento, cultura e patrimônio trabalhadas pelo Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional, então Diretoria do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (DPHAN). Para tanto, vai-se partir das discussões e debates desse momento acerca dos efeitos da industrialização, do crescimento urbano e das políticas desenvolvimentistas sobre as políticas de patrimônio a partir dessa década, analisando as iniciativas voltadas à patrimonialização de bens culturais, à preservação do acervo que compunha o patrimônio histórico e artístico nacional e ao fomento de suas potencialidades econômicas. Na discussão proposta neste artigo, priorizar-se-ão os entendimentos e ações de preservação da DPHAN relacionados a identificação, valoração e proteção dos bens culturais, assim como os diálogos disciplinares e institucionais que a diretoria procurou estabelecer