Motivação para a matemática: sua relação com as necessidades básicas psicológicas de autonomia, suporte e competência

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Educacional.O presente estudo tem como objectivos analisar as relações entre a motivação para a matemática e as necessidades psicológicas básicas de Autonomia, Competência e Proximidade/Suporte do professor, e ainda analisar a relação entre a Motivação Intrínseca nesta disciplina com o género e o desempenho académico dos alunos. Participaram neste estudo 123 alunos que frequentavam o 8º ano de escolaridade de várias escolas privadas do distrito de Lisboa. Os instrumentos utilizados foram a escala “Porque é que eu faço as coisas” (SRQ-A), “O que sinto em relação à matemática” (BPNS) e o “Suporte do professor em sala de aula” (LCQ). Os resultados obtidos revelam correlações significativas e positivas entre a Motivação Instrínseca e as necessidades psicológicas básicas de Percepção de Competência, Percepção de Autonomia e Percepção de Proximidade/Suporte. Relativamente ao género, as raparigas apresentaram níveis mais elevados de Motivação Intrínseca comparativamente aos rapazes. No que respeita ao desempenho, foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre esta variável e a Motivação Intrínseca sendo que os melhores alunos apresentaram valores motivacionais intrínsecos mais elevados do que os piores alunos.The study aim’s to analyze the relationship between Motivation in learning mathematics and the Basic Psychological Needs of Competence, Autonomy and Relatedness/Support. It also analyzes the relationship between Motivation within the subject, with gender and students academic achievement. The sample consists of 123 students, attending the 8th grade of various private schools located in the district of Lisbon. The instruments used were “Why do I do things” (SRQ-A), “How I feel about mathematics” (BPNS) and “Teacher’s support in the classroom” (LCQ). Our findings indicate positive and significant correlations between Intrinsic Motivation and the Basic Psychological Needs of Perceived Competence, Perceived Autonomy and Perceived Proximity/Support. In respect to gender, the girls in our study obtained higher levels of Intrinsic Motivation comparatively to boys. In achievement we also found significant differences between Intrinsic Motivation and level of achievement in mathematics, our findings support that students with better achievement have higher levels of Intrinsic Motivation

Massa muscular, funcionalidade e vitamina D em idosas pré-frágeis : um estudo observacional

Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Estela Iraci RabitoCoorientador: Profª. Drª. Maria Eliana Madalozzo SchieferdeckerDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Alimentação e Nutrição. Defesa : Curitiba, 14/06/2019Inclui referênciasResumo: A Síndrome da Fragilidade compreende um estado clínico caracterizado pela redução de força, função e reservas corporais em idosos. Frequentemente, ligada à Síndrome da Fragilidade, é observada a insuficiência de vitamina D (25- hidroxivitamina D) que também se associa ao declínio de massa e função musculares. Assim o objetivo do presente trabalho foi investigar a associação entre vitamina D, massa muscular e funcionalidade em idosas pré-frágeis da comunidade. Trata-se de um estudo observacional transversal realizado com mulheres de idade igual ou superior a 65 anos e pré-frágeis. Foram avaliados: idade; massa corporal, altura; índice de massa corporal; consumo alimentar de vitamina D; consumo de suplemento ou polivitamínico contendo vitamina D; exame laboratorial de 25- hidroxivitamina D; espessura do músculo gastrocnêmio medial; circunferência da panturrilha; velocidade de marcha; força de preensão manual e força e potência funcional de membros inferiores. Variáveis categóricas foram analisadas por cálculo de frequência. Correlações entre as variáveis foram avaliadas pelo teste de Spearman. Diferenças entre grupos (classificações séricas de vitamina D e uso de suplementação em dose igual ou superior à ingestão dietética recomendada) foram analisadas pelo teste de Mann-Whitney. A análise de razão de chance (Odds ratio) foi realizada por meio de regressão logística binomial. As análises estatísticas foram executadas utilizando o programa SPSS 22 e p<0,05. Oitenta e sete idosas [70,0 (mín. 65, máx. 85) anos; 29,1 ±4,3kg/m2] preencheram os critérios de inclusão e realizaram todas as avaliações necessárias. Apresentaram insuficiência de 25- hidroxivitamina D 69,0% (n=60) das idosas (27,4 ±4,7ng/ml). As principais fontes alimentares de vitamina D para essa população foram os laticínios (47,8%), pescados e frutos do mar (21,1%) seguidos de carnes e ovos (18,6%). Nenhuma idosa atingiu a ingestão dietética recomendada apenas via alimentação [135,6 (mín. 26,0, máx. 454,1 UI)]. Apenas 16,1% (n=14) atingiram a recomendação somando-se o uso de suplementação de vitamina D. A adequação de vitamina D via oral se apresentou como um fator de proteção contra baixa velocidade de marcha (odds ratio, 0,947, 95% IC, 0,898-0,999). Dentre as participantes que faziam uso de suplementação em dose igual ou superior à ingestão dietética recomendada foi possível observar correlação positiva com a força e potência funcional de membros inferiores [U= 275,000, p=0,031]. Não foram observadas correlações entre vitamina D sérica e espessura muscular ou critérios de funcionalidade. Neste estudo foi verificada relação entre força e funcionalidade de membros inferiores com consumo via oral de vitamina D, mas não relacionada ao status sérico dessa vitamina. A espessura muscular também não foi influenciada pelo status sérico ou ingestão de vitamina D. Palavras-Chave: Idoso Fragilizado. Síndrome da Fragilidade. Vitamina D. Força Muscular. Marcha. Força de Mão.Abstract: Frailty comprises a clinical state characterized by the reduction of strength, function and body reserves in the elderly. Often associated with frailty, the insufficiency of vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) is also associated with the decline of muscle mass and function. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the association between vitamin D, muscle mass and functionality in pre-frail elderly women in the community. This is a cross-sectional observational study with pre-frail women, aged 65 years and older. The following were evaluated: age; body mass, height; body mass index; dietary allowance of vitamin D; consumption of supplement or multivitamin containing vitamin D; laboratory examination of 25-hydroxyvitamin D; medial gastrocnemius muscle thickness; calf circumference; gait speed; handgrip strength and lower??limb strength and functional power. Categorical variables were analyzed by frequency calculation. Correlations between variables were evaluated by the Spearman's test. Differences between groups (serum vitamin D classifications and use of supplementation at an equal or higher dose than the recommended dietary allowance) were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney test. Odds ratio analysis was performed using binomial logistic regression. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 22 and p<0.05. Eighty-seven elderly women [70.0 (min. 65, max. 85 years old); 29.1 ± 4.3kg/m2] met the inclusion criteria and performed all the necessary evaluations. There was 25-hydroxyvitamin D insufficiency in 69.0% (n = 60) of the elderly women (27.4 ± 4, 7ng/ml). The main dietary sources of vitamin D for this population were dairy products (47.8%), fish and seafood (21.1%), followed by meat and eggs (18.6%). No elderly woman reached the recommended dietary allowance only through food [135.6 (min. 26.0, max. 454.1 IU)]. Only 16.1% (n=14) reached the recommendation by adding the use of vitamin D supplementation. The adequacy of oral vitamin D was presented as a protection factor against low gait speed (odds ratio, 0.947, 95% CI, 0.898-0.999). Among the participants who used supplementation at an equal or higher dose than the recommended dietary allowance it was possible to observe a positive correlation with the lower-limb strength and functional power [U = 275.000, p = 0.031]. No correlations were observed between serum vitamin D and muscle thickness or functionality criteria. In this study a relationship between lower-limb strength and functionality and the oral consumption of vitamin D was verified, but it was not related to the serum status of this vitamin. Muscle thickness was also not influenced by serum status or vitamin D intake. Keywords: Frail Elderly. Frailty. Vitamin D. Muscle Strength. Gait. Hand Strength

Adolescent Health Care in a Primary Health Unit in Olinda, Brazil

Objective: To characterize adolescent health care in a Family Health Unit in Olinda, Brazil. Material and Methods: The study carried out a census in a primary health unit, and results were obtained through the analysis of medical records from individuals aged 10-19 years.&nbsp; Data analysis was initially performed by descriptive statistics followed by association analysis using the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test (p≤0.05). Results: Of all registered adolescents (n=895), 54% were female. However, only 36.9% (n=330) had a care record from 10 to 19 years. Regarding the frequency with which adolescents used the health service, 89.1% performed no more than three visits throughout the entire adolescence period. Almost all care provided to adolescents had curative nature (82.7%) in relation to the preventive nature (17.3%). Conclusion: The results pointed out that adolescents seek the Family Health Unit predominantly in search of curative care and that the number of consultations is reduced and far from recommendations from the Paced and Integrated Programming Guideline of the Ministry of Health, which establishes a minimum of one medical consultation and two nursing consultations per year for adolescents and young people in general

Evaluation of opening pattern and bone neoformation at median palatal suture area in patients submitted to surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) through cone beam computed tomography

AbstractSurgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) is the treatment of choice to adult patients even with severe transversal maxillary discrepancies. However, the adequate retention period to achieve the bone remodeling, thus assuring treatment stability, is controversial.Objective To evaluate the opening pattern and bone neoformation process at the midpalatal suture in patients submitted to surgically assisted (SARME) through cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).Material and Methods Fourteen patients were submitted to SARME through subtotal Le Fort I osteotomy. Both the opening pattern and the mean bone density at midpalatal suture area to evaluate bone formation were assessed pre- and post-operatively (15, 60 and 180 days) through CBCT.Results Type I opening pattern (from anterior to posterior nasal spine) occurred in 12 subjects while type II opening pattern (from anterior nasal spine to transverse palatine suture) occurred in 2 individuals. The 180-day postoperative mean (PO 180) of bone density value was 49.9% of the preoperative mean (Pre) value.Conclusions The opening pattern of midpalatal suture is more related to patients’ age (23.9 years in type I and 33.5 years in type II) and surgical technique. It was not possible to observe complete bone formation at midpalatal suture area at the ending of the retention period studied (180 days)

Crabronidae and Sphecidae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) type specimens deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil

This catalogue lists the type specimens of Crabronidae and Sphecidae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil (MZUSP). The collection includes a total of 83 type specimens (17 holotypes, 66 paratypes), 82 of which belong to nine genera and 35 species of Crabronidae and only one of Sphecidae. All labels contents and additional information obtained from other available sources are presented. High resolution photographs of the primary types are also provided

Overview of beneficial effects of (Poly)phenol metabolites in the context of neurodegenerative diseases on model organisms

Funding Information: Funding: This work has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 804229. iNOVA4Health Research Unit (LISBOA—01–0145—FEDER—007344), which is cofunded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT)/Ministério da Ciência e do Ensino Superior, through national funds, and by FEDER under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement, is acknowledged. Authors Aβ—Amyloid beta; CAT—catalase; NF–κB—Nuclear factor kappa–light–chain–enhancer of activated B cell; GSK— Glycogen synthase kinase; GSH—glutathione; APP—Amyloid precursor protein; ROS—Reactive Oxygen Species; TNF— Tumor necrosis factor; JNK—c–Jun N–terminal kinases; SOD—Superoxide Dismutase; Tg—transgenic; PPAR— Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor alpha; LPS—lipopolysaccharide; MPTP—1—methyl–4—phenyl–1,2,3,6— tetrahydropyridine. 1 (Poly)phenol metabolites are named accordingly the recommendations recently published [32], however the name cited in the original publications where the effect is described is indicated in brackets. ↑—increased ↓— decreased. Funding Information: would like to acknowledge FCT for financial support of D.C (2020.04630.BD), R.M (CEEC/04567/CBIOS/2020) and S.F (UIDP/BD4/04567/2020). Funding Information: This work has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union?s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 804229. iNOVA4Health Research Unit (LISBOA?01?0145?FEDER?007344), which is cofunded by Funda??o para a Ci?ncia e Tecnologia (FCT)/Minist?rio da Ci?ncia e do Ensino Superior, through national funds, and by FEDER under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement, is acknowledged. Authors would like to acknowledge FCT for financial support of D.C (2020.04630.BD), R.M (CEEC/04567/CBIOS/2020) and S.F (UIDP/BD4/04567/2020). Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.The rise of neurodegenerative diseases in an aging population is an increasing problem of health, social and economic consequences. Epidemiological and intervention studies have demonstrated that diets rich in (poly)phenols can have potent health benefits on cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. Meanwhile, the role of gut microbiota is ever more evident in modulating the catabolism of (poly)phenols to dozens of low molecular weight (poly)phenol metabolites that have been identified in plasma and urine. These metabolites can reach circulation in higher concentrations than parent (poly)phenols and persist for longer periods of time. However, studies addressing their potential brain effects are still lacking. In this review, we will discuss different model organisms that have been used to study how low molecular weight (poly)phenol metabolites affect neuronal related mechanisms gathering critical insight on their potential to tackle the major hallmarks of neurodegeneration.publishersversionpublishe

Crabronidae and Sphecidae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) type specimens deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil

This catalogue lists the type specimens of Crabronidae and Sphecidae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil (MZUSP). The collection includes a total of 83 type specimens (17 holotypes, 66 paratypes), 82 of which belong to nine genera and 35 species of Crabronidae and only one of Sphecidae. All labels contents and additional information obtained from other available sources are presented. High resolution photographs of the primary types are also provided

Substância Na História da Filosofia

A coletânea apresenta, sob a forma de artigos, problemas e soluções associados ao conceito e substância ao longo da história da filosofia. Sem pretender exaurir esse percurso, a coletânea contém 29 artigos redigidos por diversos especialistas brasileiros em Filosofia. Sua proposta é oferecer uma visão clara, acessível, precisa e atualizada desse recorte da história do conceito de filosofia, na expectativa de contribuir para o aperfeiçoamento do ensino e debate de filosofia no país. The anthology presents, through a series of articles, the intricacies of problems and solutions intertwined with the concept of substance across the annals of philosophical history. While not seeking to comprehensively cover this vast terrain, the collection comprises 29 articles penned by a diverse array of Brazilian specialists in Philosophy. Its overarching aim is to furnish a lucid, accessible, precise, and contemporaneous perspective on this facet of philosophical inquiry, with the aspiration of enriching the landscape of philosophical education and discourse in Brazil

Physico-chemical characterization of inclusion complex between hydroxymethylnitrofurazone and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin

Hydroxymethylnitrofurazone (NFOH) is a prodrug that is active against Trypanosoma cruzi. It however presents low solubility and high toxicity. Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) can be used as a drug-delivery system for NFOH modifying its physico-chemical properties. The aim of this work is to characterize the inclusion complex between NFOH and HP-beta-CD. The rate of NFOH release decreases after complexation and thermodynamic parameters from the solubility isotherm studies revealed that a stable complex is formed (deltaGº= 1.7 kJ/mol). This study focuses on the physico-chemical characterization of a drug-delivery formulation that comes out as a potentially new therapeutic option for Chagas disease treatment.FAPESPCoordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES