Towards declarative diagnosis of constraint programs over finite domains

The paper proposes a theoretical approach of the debugging of constraint programs based on a notion of explanation tree. The proposed approach is an attempt to adapt algorithmic debugging to constraint programming. In this theoretical framework for domain reduction, explanations are proof trees explaining value removals. These proof trees are defined by inductive definitions which express the removals of values as consequences of other value removals. Explanations may be considered as the essence of constraint programming. They are a declarative view of the computation trace. The diagnosis consists in locating an error in an explanation rooted by a symptom.Comment: In M. Ronsse, K. De Bosschere (eds), proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Automated Debugging (AADEBUG 2003), September 2003, Ghent. cs.SE/030902

On the role of semantic approximations in validation and diagnosis of constraint logic programs

Abstract is not available

CP debugging needs and tools

Conventional programming techniques are not well suited for solving many highly combinatorial industrial problems, like scheduling, decision making, resource allocation or planning. Constraint Programming (CP), an emerging software technology, offers an original approach allowing for efficient and flexible solving of complex problems, through combined implementation of various constraint solvers and expert heuristics. Its applications are increasingly elded in various industries

CP debugging tools: Clarification of functionalities and selection of the tools

Abstract is not available

Gender differences in the use of cardiovascular interventions in HIV-positive persons; the D:A:D Study

Peer reviewe

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Indépendance ou interférence entre séquences sonores (images en mémoire auditive ?)

Sons de la parole, sons de la musique et sons de l'environnement sont-ils stockés dans des registres mnémoniques différents ou au contraire partagent-ils des représentations mentales communes qui peuvent interférer entre elles ? Cinq expériences ont été construites sur le principe du paradigme expérimental d'interférence. Les sujets comparent deux mélodies séparées par un délai de 5 ou 10 secondes, occupé soit par silence, soit par une autre mélodie, une liste de mots, ou des bruits de l'environnement. Les effets d'interférence obtenus remettent d'emblée en question l'hypothèse d'une organisation modulaire de la mémoire auditive. L'étude approfondie des temps de réponse et d'un indice de sensibilité (d') montre que la mélodie serait maintenue en mémoire sous la forme d'une image auditive pour les non musiciens, et sous la forme d'un double codage à la fois verbal (sous forme de noms de notes de musique) et musical chez les musiciens.POITIERS-BU Droit Lettres (861942101) / SudocSudocFranceF

France HADRON: national infrastructure for hadrontherapy research including ETOILE, ARCHADE and protontherapy centers

International audienceHadrontherapy is an advanced form of radiotherapy able to cure very radioresistant tumors. It is developing since two decades mainly in Japan and Europe in Germany, Italy and Austria. The input of CERN has been important in its development in Europe. France is involved in that domain since 20 years thanks to its two protontherapy centers, ICPO in Orsay and Médicyc in Nice. This experience as well as the exploratory development of carbon ion therapy in the U.S.A., and the further clinical use in Japan and Europe, have given rise to projects in France for both a treatment center (ETOILE in Lyon) and a research center (ARCHADE in Caen). Different applied research programs have been associated to these projects involving many different teams located in different towns in France