Subliminal Semantic Priming in Speech

Numerous studies have reported subliminal repetition and semantic priming in the visual modality. We transferred this paradigm to the auditory modality. Prime awareness was manipulated by a reduction of sound intensity level. Uncategorized prime words (according to a post-test) were followed by semantically related, unrelated, or repeated target words (presented without intensity reduction) and participants performed a lexical decision task (LDT). Participants with slower reaction times in the LDT showed semantic priming (faster reaction times for semantically related compared to unrelated targets) and negative repetition priming (slower reaction times for repeated compared to semantically related targets). This is the first report of semantic priming in the auditory modality without conscious categorization of the prime

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

On the status of mute letters in French : simple graphemes or part of complex graphemes ?

International audienc

Vitamins in fleshy fruits

International audienc

On the status of mute letters in French : simple graphemes or part of complex graphemes ?

International audienc

Méthodes d’évaluation du potentiel antioxydant dans les aliments

Maîtriser l’oxydation est indispensable pour gérer l’évolution des systèmes biologiques dans leur complexité, en particulier dans le cas des aliments dont la dégradation peut avoir des conséquences en sécurité alimentaire. Les différentes méthodes d’évaluation de l’activité antioxydante d’un additif alimentaire sont présentées après examen du contexte et des mécanismes d’oxydation. L’activité anti-oxydante est évaluée soit par le dosage des produits formés (en particulier des hydroperoxydes) par des techniques photométriques plus ou moins directes, soit par la mesure de l’efficacité du composé à piéger des radicaux libres. Les méthodes comparant le piégeage d’un additif avec celui d’un anti-oxydant de référence, le Trolox®, sont applicables à des produits variés quelle que soit l’hydrophilie ou l’hydrophobie du milieu.Oxidation control is necessary to manage the evolution of complex biological system, particularly in food whose degradation could have consequences on food security. After description of context and oxidation mechanisms, several analytical methods to evaluate the additive antioxidant potential are presented. This evaluation is performed either by quantification of products (in particular hydroperoxydes) using direct or indirect photometric techniques and chemical titration with suitable reactants or on the effectiveness to trap free radicals with modelized systems that can generate them. Methods based on the comparison of radical trapping ability between an additive and Trolox (particularly Trolox® equivalent antioxydant capacity, TEAC) can be applied to many products whatever the hydrophily or the hydrophobia of the medium