Análisis de variabilidad temporal de la línea de costa mediante la aplicación de métodos de teledetección y sistema de información geográfica: bahía de Miraflores, Perú 1936-2005

La tesis “Análisis de variabilidad temporal de la línea de costa mediante la aplicación de métodos de teledetección y sistema de información geográfica: bahía de Miraflores, Perú 1936-2005” plantea cuantificar las variaciones temporales de la línea de costa en la bahía de Miraflores durante el periodo 1936-2005. Para ello se identifican los períodos erosivos/deposicionales y las playas de la Bahía son clasificadas en función a la intensidad de estos procesos y sus características geomorfológicas. Una base de datos geoespaciales generada a partir del análisis permite ensayar el comportamiento de la línea de costa para el periodo 2005-2011 y evaluar sus potenciales consecuencias. La cuantificación y evaluación de los cambios de la línea de costa combina e integra métodos de cartografía, fotointerpretación, levantamiento de información de campo y análisis de estadística espacial dentro de un entorno de un Sistema de Información Geográfica. La presión ejercida sobre las áreas costeras sobreviene eventualmente en incompatibilidades entre la oferta natural y los usos del espacio. Se plantea así, la meta de incluir necesariamente estudios ambientales costeros dentro de la gestión y ordenamiento del territorio, particularmente como herramienta para la gestión en la bahía de Miraflores. La tesis parte de la siguiente hipótesis: “La instalación de estructuras costeras dedicadas a la formación de nuevas playas de arena y a la mitigación del impacto del oleaje modificaron el balance de los sedimentos a lo largo de toda la bahía. La dinámica y morfología de esta célula litoral resultó modificada con efectos indeseados como la acumulación excesiva de materiales en algunas playas del sur y procesos erosivos en las playas ubicadas en los distritos de Magdalena del Mar, San Miguel y La Perla.”. Se concluye que la bahía de Miraflores fue en condiciones naturales una única célula litoral pero, con los espigones y la interrupción del tránsito de sedimentos, la bahía actualmente está fragmentada en diversas células litorales de menor tamaño. No obstante estas células muestran conexiones entre sí y presentan a la bahía como un sistema mayor, en el que el mecanismo hidrodinámico encargado del transporte de sedimentos locales es el sistema de corrientes generados por la ruptura del oleaje en la costa. La tendencia actual es al repliegue de la línea de costa en todas las playas, con particular intensidad en el conjunto de playas de la ensenada de Chorrillos y la playa La Mar Brava Sur. El límite norte de las playas de arena se situó en la década de 1990 en la playa Redondo, y actualmente este límite se ubica algo más al sur en la playa Cascadas. Una validación estadística de clasificación de la costa corroboró estadísticamente que 10 del total de 12 bloques y la totalidad de los 7 sectores identificados se presentan como muy particulares y distintos entre si. De esta forma los resultados del análisis estadístico y la clasificación propuesta se muestran coherencia entre si.Tesi

An integrative approach to ancient agricultural terraces and forms of dependency: the case of Cutamalla in the prehispanic Andes

This paper presents an integrative and interdisciplinary approach to the study of ancient agricultural terraces and food production systems. Our approach consists of (1) a resource dependency theoretical framework and (2) the application of a variety of archaeological and geoscientific methods, including archaeological and geomorphological surveys, archaeological excavations, drone surveys, mapping based on satellite imagery and high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs), geographic information system (GIS) applications, soil testing, phytolith analysis, radiocarbon dating, and calculations of food supply capacity and labor requirements. We apply these to the prehispanic site of Cutamalla (3,300 m asl) in the southern Peruvian Andes, which serves as an ideal and pioneering case study. Previous research has focused primarily on the settlement of Cutamalla, particularly through large-scale archaeological excavations, but less attention has been paid to the extensive farming terraces surrounding the settlement and the close relationship between agricultural and settlement activities. By analyzing both the terrace and settlement levels, we take a new perspective and introduce the term agricultural terrace-settlement system for such complexes. Our results show that the residential occupation of Cutamalla and the use of the surrounding farming terraces coincided: the agricultural terrace-settlement system was intensively used for a relatively short period of about 200 years (~250–40 BCE) during the Formative Late Paracas and transitional Initial Nasca periods, long before the famous Inka terrace agricultural systems. There is no evidence of reoccupation of the site and subsequent reuse of the agricultural system. Our data also document the large extent of agricultural terraces around Cutamalla (221 ha) and that maize was likely a major crop grown there. Finally, we place these findings in their broader socio-economic and ecological context. Cutamalla was an important regional center and economic hub during a very dynamic period characterized by significant population growth and increased violence. Not only a more humid climate, but probably also forced collective labor were cornerstones of substantial agricultural production in Cutamalla and the region

Table_1_An integrative approach to ancient agricultural terraces and forms of dependency: the case of Cutamalla in the prehispanic Andes.XLSX

This paper presents an integrative and interdisciplinary approach to the study of ancient agricultural terraces and food production systems. Our approach consists of (1) a resource dependency theoretical framework and (2) the application of a variety of archaeological and geoscientific methods, including archaeological and geomorphological surveys, archaeological excavations, drone surveys, mapping based on satellite imagery and high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs), geographic information system (GIS) applications, soil testing, phytolith analysis, radiocarbon dating, and calculations of food supply capacity and labor requirements. We apply these to the prehispanic site of Cutamalla (3,300 m asl) in the southern Peruvian Andes, which serves as an ideal and pioneering case study. Previous research has focused primarily on the settlement of Cutamalla, particularly through large-scale archaeological excavations, but less attention has been paid to the extensive farming terraces surrounding the settlement and the close relationship between agricultural and settlement activities. By analyzing both the terrace and settlement levels, we take a new perspective and introduce the term agricultural terrace-settlement system for such complexes. Our results show that the residential occupation of Cutamalla and the use of the surrounding farming terraces coincided: the agricultural terrace-settlement system was intensively used for a relatively short period of about 200 years (~250–40 BCE) during the Formative Late Paracas and transitional Initial Nasca periods, long before the famous Inka terrace agricultural systems. There is no evidence of reoccupation of the site and subsequent reuse of the agricultural system. Our data also document the large extent of agricultural terraces around Cutamalla (221 ha) and that maize was likely a major crop grown there. Finally, we place these findings in their broader socio-economic and ecological context. Cutamalla was an important regional center and economic hub during a very dynamic period characterized by significant population growth and increased violence. Not only a more humid climate, but probably also forced collective labor were cornerstones of substantial agricultural production in Cutamalla and the region.</p

Table_2_An integrative approach to ancient agricultural terraces and forms of dependency: the case of Cutamalla in the prehispanic Andes.DOCX

This paper presents an integrative and interdisciplinary approach to the study of ancient agricultural terraces and food production systems. Our approach consists of (1) a resource dependency theoretical framework and (2) the application of a variety of archaeological and geoscientific methods, including archaeological and geomorphological surveys, archaeological excavations, drone surveys, mapping based on satellite imagery and high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs), geographic information system (GIS) applications, soil testing, phytolith analysis, radiocarbon dating, and calculations of food supply capacity and labor requirements. We apply these to the prehispanic site of Cutamalla (3,300 m asl) in the southern Peruvian Andes, which serves as an ideal and pioneering case study. Previous research has focused primarily on the settlement of Cutamalla, particularly through large-scale archaeological excavations, but less attention has been paid to the extensive farming terraces surrounding the settlement and the close relationship between agricultural and settlement activities. By analyzing both the terrace and settlement levels, we take a new perspective and introduce the term agricultural terrace-settlement system for such complexes. Our results show that the residential occupation of Cutamalla and the use of the surrounding farming terraces coincided: the agricultural terrace-settlement system was intensively used for a relatively short period of about 200 years (~250–40 BCE) during the Formative Late Paracas and transitional Initial Nasca periods, long before the famous Inka terrace agricultural systems. There is no evidence of reoccupation of the site and subsequent reuse of the agricultural system. Our data also document the large extent of agricultural terraces around Cutamalla (221 ha) and that maize was likely a major crop grown there. Finally, we place these findings in their broader socio-economic and ecological context. Cutamalla was an important regional center and economic hub during a very dynamic period characterized by significant population growth and increased violence. Not only a more humid climate, but probably also forced collective labor were cornerstones of substantial agricultural production in Cutamalla and the region.</p

Bustarviejo. Propuestas bioclimáticas en el espacio público.

Bustarviejo. Propuestas bioclimáticas en el espacio público. Publicación digital de los trabajos elaborados por los estudiantes del curso 2017/18 de la asignatura La Ciudad y el Medio de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Muestra una serie de propuestas elaboradas en la asignatura para mejorar bioclimáticamente diferentes espacios públicos municipales en el marco del acuerdo realizado entre el Departamento de Urbanística y Ordenación del Territorio y el Excmo. Ayuntamiento de Bustarviejo (Madrid)