After-school time use of urban adolescents: Effects on achievement, problem behaviors, and happiness

Published online: 20 Jul 2020Leisure is a context for both risk and protection of adolescent wellbeing. Using a person-centered analysis, the present study examined the links between after-school time use and the adjustment of an urban sample of 7th–12th graders (n¼3,808), who self-reported on their leisure activities, school achievement, problem behaviors, and happiness. Results indicated that time use patterns were distributed in five clusters: Creative/Social, Productive/Home, High-Social/Sports, Uninvolved/Sports, and Uninvolved/Home. These patterns of time use varied by age, gender and SES, and were linked with adolescent outcomes in a way that adolescents involved with multiple constructive activities presented better adjustment compared with their either uninvolved or socially oriented counterparts. Specific groups of adolescents were at higher risk for problem behaviors linked to after-school time use. These findings have relevant implications for evidence-based interventions and policies aiming at promoting adolescent well-being and targeting at-risk populations of youth.This work was supported by the Research Center in Political Science [UID/CPO/00758/2013], University of Minho, supported by the FCT (Foundation for Science and Technology) and the Portuguese Ministry of Education and Science through national funds, and by the Research Center on Child Studies [UIDB/00317/2020], University of Minho, through national funds through the FCT, and co-financed by the European Regional Development Funds (FEDER) and the Competitiveness and Internationalization Operational Program (POCI), reference [POCI-01- 0145-FEDER-007562]

The transition of Chilean adolescents from the child welfare system to the adolescent justice system: a continuation or an accumulation of adverse factors?

Research on juvenile delinquency and adolescent maladjustment indicates that the beginning of these processes is found in the relationship between multiple risk factors at the individual, family and community levels in this population. The objective of this research was to analyze the risk factors related to the transition from the child welfare system to the adolescent justice system in a group of Chilean male adolescents (n = 108), aged 14–18 years, grouped according to their membership in the child welfare system, the adolescent justice system or both systems. Through a quantitative methodology, variables associated with risk factors were examined by means of the Risk and Resource Evaluation Form FER-R and the Risk and Criminogenic Needs Inventory IRNC instruments. Logistic regression analysis found that the adolescent population within the child welfare system was more likely to enter the adolescent justice system if the following risk factors were present: weak family supervision, consumption of drugs, socially maladaptive peer relationships, and risky free time. These results emphasize that child welfare system interventions should focus on parental support and the management of socio-community networks to prevent re-entry of the adolescent population into the justice system

Literature review on the Council Framework Decision 2008/947/JHA of 27 November 2008 and the Council Framework Decision 2009/829/JHA of 23 October 2009

This report, which addresses a literature review above the Council Framework Decision (FD) 2008/947/JHA and Council Framework Decision (FD) 2009/829/JHA, forms part of the Probation Observatory. Training and Network (PONT) project. This European project is funded by the Directorate General of Justice, coordinated by the University of Bucharest (coordinated by Ioan Durnescu) and implemented in partnership with University Loyola Andalucía, University of Latvia, Bremen Ministry of Justice and Constitution and the Confederation of European Probation (CEP). The main objectives of this project are to offer training to the competent authorities on the two FDs and to create a sustainable network of experts in this field2. To this end, the project team has produced this report to conduct a literature review on the above-mentioned FDs, covering academic papers, grey literature and previous training content. This review has focused on collecting interesting data and information related to the implementation of the mentioned FDs (947 and 829) in order to highlight the most important learning points. From here, PONT will develop an e-manual on good practices and to develop a training package, our project goals. Therefore, articles, books, project reports and other kind of documentation have been taken into account, paying special attention to the training materials developed in prior projects or reports coming from international entities (organisations and EU institutions) related to the practical implementation of the FDs 947 and 829

Investigación y propuestas de intervención. Informe Final del Proyecto AGIS en España Septiembre 2005- Septiembre 2007

El informe que se presenta a continuación se encuadra dentro del proyecto AGIS, denominado el “Talón de Aquiles de Europa” (“Achilles´ Heel”), con una duración bianual (Octubre 2005- Octubre 2007), y cofinanciado por la Dirección General de Justicia, Libertad y Seguridad de la Comisión Europea. El proyecto tiene como objetivo analizar la interrelación entre los fenómenos de victimización, delincuencia y malestar social que puede plantearse en la segunda generación de inmigrantes en diferentes espacios europeos (Italia, España, Alemania, Lituania y República Checa), además de realizar acciones de intervención social en el ámbito formativo a los principales actores sociales relacionados con dicha población. En el caso de España, la investigación se ha realizado en las ciudades de Albacete (Centro de Investigación en Criminología de la Universidad de Castilla- La Mancha) y en Granada (Albant & Inedit S. L.) si bien sólo en la ciudad de Albacete se han realizado las acciones de formación. Ambos socios han utilizado los mismos conceptos teóricos e instrumentos metodológicos para analizar el colectivo de estudio en sus localidades respectivas. El análisis se ha focalizado en la denominada “generación intermedia” de inmigrantes, debido a que el fenómeno de la inmigración es muy reciente en el Estado español (apenas cuenta con 20 años), y por tanto, no se puede considerar la “segunda generación” como un segmento poblacional diferenciado. En definitiva, con este informe se quiere presentar una visión de la situación de los menores hijos de extranjeros en el contexto español

Libro Blanco Metodológico

Este documento es el Libro Blanco metodológico de la línea de investigación 'Digitalización de las Poblaciones del Sur Global' de la Universidad Loyola (Andalucía, España). Dentro de esta línea de investigación se desarrolló entre 2022 y 2024 un proyecto piloto en República Dominicana. Ese proyecto consistió en el estudio de la realidad de tres localizaciones dominicanas populares desde algunos puntos de vista de interés para la línea de investigación. Los datos obtenidos y algunas conclusiones a partir de ellos han sido publicadas en un extenso libro puesto a disposición del público en general. Pero además el proyecto en Repíblica Dominicana pretendía diseñar, probar y extraer conclusiones respecto a una metodología para el estudio de la digitalización de las poblaciones del Sur Global, que pudiera luego extenderse a otros países. Este Libro Blanco contiene los elementos estructurales básicos del proyecto realizado en República Dominicana, tanto teóricos como prácticos, y un recuento de los aprendizajes que el equipo investigador considera adecuado retener para tomar en cuenta para futuros proyectos dentro de la misma línea de investigación, en otros países de América Latina o de otros continentes. Esta es la versión 1.0 del Libro Blanco, que era preciso producir en el periodo asignado a la investigación. Ello explica que algunos aspectos no están todavía desarrollados en parte o en todo, particularmente lo relativo a artículos para journals, o una evaluación en más profundidad. Conforme haya progreso sustancial en estos aspectos, haremos públicas nuevas versiones del Libro Blanco.Financiado por AACID: Agencia Andaluza de Cooperación Internacional al Desarroll

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

A Roadmap for HEP Software and Computing R&D for the 2020s

Particle physics has an ambitious and broad experimental programme for the coming decades. This programme requires large investments in detector hardware, either to build new facilities and experiments, or to upgrade existing ones. Similarly, it requires commensurate investment in the R&D of software to acquire, manage, process, and analyse the shear amounts of data to be recorded. In planning for the HL-LHC in particular, it is critical that all of the collaborating stakeholders agree on the software goals and priorities, and that the efforts complement each other. In this spirit, this white paper describes the R&D activities required to prepare for this software upgrade.Peer reviewe