Intervención nutricional colectiva sobre la alimentación de los universitarios

Los estudiantes universitarios presentan una dieta que cada vez se aleja más de las recomendaciones actuales, en cuanto al consumo de los diferentes grupos de alimentos y a los patrones de dieta mediterránea. Tras los datos obtenidos en un estuido previo en el que se realize una encuesta a los estudiantes de adherencia a dieta Mediterránea mediante el índice Kidmed, se observa que existe una discrepancia entre los resultados de las encuestas y la selección de los alimentos que éstos realizan en el comedor universitario investigado, pues según las encuestas, era de esperar un elevado consumo de alimentos saludables y normalmente lo que se produce es un rechazo de los mismos. Para estimar de una forma más fiable la ingesta dietética de los Universitarios, se llevó a cabo fue el análisis del consumo de alimentos a la hora del almuerzo, que es cuando frecuentan los universitarios la cantina. En esta parte del estudio participaron 9530 sujetos. Los clientes podían elegir entre platos combinados, bocadillos o buffet. El estudio se centró en la valoración nutricional de los platos ofertados en el buffet. Dichos platos se valoraron en base al contenido calórico/energético, grasas, sodio y colesterol respecto a las recomedaciones para el grupo de edad mayoritario. Con esta valoración se clasificaron los platos en cuatro categorías en base a su salubridad. Basándonos en esta clasificación se hicieron diversas propuestas, incrementando el nivel de información nutricional al clasificar los platos con estos parámetros. Finalmente se propuso un menú saludable a un precio más bajo (equivalente a una oferta existente para estudiantes) y se comprobó un increment de la demanda de dicho menú en el que todos los platos poseían una valoración nutricional de “recommendable” o “muy recommendable”. De esta forma se consiguió mejorar los hábitos alimentarios de los universitarios usuarios de dicha cantina. Derivado del estudio previo, se comprueba la necesidad de tener recomendaciones específicas para tomas concretas de alimentos a lo largo del día (en concreto el almuerzo). Dada la fata de estas recomendaciones, se decide abordar de una forma amplia un estudios de los hábitos de ingesta de nutrientes de la población española en las diferentes tomas del día, basada en la Encuesta ENIDE, recién publicada y las IDR propuestas por FESNAD. Dada lo limitado de la disponibilidad de información se trató de comprobar si los factores de clasificación disponibles “sexo, edad y ubicación geográfica” tenían infuencia en la distribución de nutrientes a lo largo del día. Comprobamos que no existían diferencias generales en la distribución de nutrientes por tomas entre sexos; en cambio, si se establecían diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la distribución de nutrientes a los largo del día entre el grupo de población más joven (18-24 años) respect a los de mayor edad. Con la información obtenida de porcentajes de distribución de nutrientes a lo largo del día, aplicándolo a las recomendaciones por grupos de edad y sexo se pueden obtener las necesidades de nutrientes que tendrían dichos grupos en cada toma del día...Universitary students have a diet that is increasingly from the current recommendations regarding the consumption of different food groups and patterns of Mediterranean diet. Following the data obtained in a previous estuido in which a survey was carried to students about their adherence to Mediterranean diet by Kidmed index, that it shows a discrepancy between the results of the surveys and the selection of food that student perform in the investigation canteen, because according to polls, expected a high consumption of healthy foods and usually what occurs is a rejection of them. To estimate more reliably dietary intake of University, it was conducted the analysis of food consumption at lunch, when frequenting the university canteen. This part of the study involved 9530 subjects. Users could choose between meals, snacks or buffet. The study focused on the nutritional assessment of the dishes offered on the buffet. These plates were evaluated based on caloric / energy content, fat, sodium and cholesterol. They were compared with the recomendations for this age group. With this assessment, the dishes were classified into four categories based on their health. We based in this classification to give various proposals, increasing the level of nutrition information about classify the dishes with these parameters. Finally a healthy menu is proposed at a lower price (equivalent to an existing offer for students) and it produced an increment of the demand of the menu, where all the dishes had a nutritional assessment "recommendable" or "very recommendable". This will able to improve the eating habits of the users of the university canteen. Derived from the previous study, we need to use specific recommendations for specific food outlets throughout the day (particularly lunch). Because we don’t found any of these recommendations, we was decided to address in a comprehensive manner one studies of nutrient intake habits of the Spanish population in the different eat time of the day, based on the ENIDE Survey, recently released and proposed IDR given from FESNAD. But there was a limited availability of information sought to ascertain whether the ranking factors available "sex, age and geographical location" that had infuence in the distribution of nutrients throughout the day. We don’t found overall differences in nutrient intakes distribution between sexes; however, found statistically significant differences in the distribution of nutrients throughout the day to the group of younger population (18-24 years) respect the elderly. With the information obtained of percentage distribution of nutrients throughout the day, applying the recommendations by age and sex, we can get the nutrients it needs such groups would each take a day. During the first stage of this study, we tried to use indices that allow classify foods and the best yet complete menu served at lunch. Through the researh literature review that was conducted, we conclude that none of the existents indices could be applied to our study of the lunch of the university population. So we decided to build a..

Factores asociados a la sobrecarga en el cuidador primario. Medellín, 2017

Introduction: The increase in dependent people leads to the need for caregivers who assume basic tasks of care. The responsibility to care is assumed mainly by family members and the constant care impacts on changes of personal, family, labor and social nature. Objective: To identify the main sociodemographic and care factors associated with the overload in the primary caregiver in the city of Medellín during 2017. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional, quantitative study was made, which primary information source was obtained by telephone surveys. The sample was 340 caregivers and the consent was verbal. Results: 92.6% of the caregivers were women whose average age was 57; 53.8% perceived their health as regular or bad. The prevalence of overload was 39.7% and the associated characteristics were poor perception of health, abandonment of activities and not receiving pre-care training. Conclusions: The caregiver is a subject with rights that requires care in risk prevention programs that derive from care. It is necessary to provide education and accompaniment to caregivers so they are empowered of their health

Long-Term Effects of a Cognitive Behavioral Conference Call Intervention on Depression in Non-Professional Caregivers

Recent evidence supports the efficacy of conference call cognitive–behavioral interventions in preventing depression in caregivers at post-intervention, but we do not know whether the results are sustained long term. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy of a cognitive–behavioral intervention administered by telephone conference call in preventing depression in caregivers with elevated depressive symptoms, comparing all components of the intervention versus only the behavioral ones. A randomized controlled trial was conducted using a dismantling strategy. At total of 219 caregivers were randomly assigned to a cognitive–behavioral conference call intervention (CBCC; n = 69), a behavioral-activation conference call intervention (BACC; n = 70), or a usual care control group (CG, n = 80). Information was collected on depressive symptoms and depression at pre-intervention and at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 36 months post-intervention. At 36 months, there was a reduction in depressive symptoms (p < 0.001) and a lower incidence of major depressive episodes in both the CBCC and BACC groups compared to CG (8.7%, 8.6%, and 33.7%, respectively). The results show that a conference call intervention was effective in the long term to prevent depression in caregivers and that the behavioral-activation component was comparable to the complete cognitive–behavioral protocolThis research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under grant number 2012-PN162S

Analysis of the Components of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for the prevention of Depression Administered via Conference Call to Nonprofessional Caregivers: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Effective and accessible interventions for indicated prevention of depression are necessary and lacking, especially for informal caregivers. Although telephone-based interventions could increase the accessibility for caregivers, randomized controlled trials are scarce, with no examination of prevention to date. Moreover, the efficacy of specific therapeutic components in preventive cognitive-behavioral programs is unknown. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a telephone-administered psychological preventive intervention in informal caregivers with high depressive symptoms. A total of 219 caregivers were randomized to a cognitive-behavioral conference call intervention (CBCC, n = 69), a behavioral-activation conference call intervention (BACC, n = 70), or a usual care control group (CG, n = 80). Both interventions consisted of five 90-minute group sessions. At the post-intervention, incidence of depression was lower in CBCC and BACC compared to CG (1.5% and 1.4% vs. 8.8%). Relative risk was 0.17 for the CBCC and 0.16 for the BACC, and the number-needed-to-treat was 14 in both groups. Depressive symptoms were significantly lower in BACC and BACC groups compared to CG (d = 1.16 and 1.29), with no significant differences between CBCC and BACC groups. The conference call intervention was effective in preventing depression and the behavioral-activation component (BACC) was comparable to the CBCC interventionThis research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under grant number 2012-PN162S

Protocol for a randomized controlled dismantling study of a brief telephonic psychological intervention applied to nonprofessional caregivers with symptoms of depression

Background Although depression is a common problem in caregivers and there are effective cognitive-behavioral interventions for its prevention, the ability of caregivers to attend these treatments is often limited by logistics. Furthermore, the efficacy of the components of these interventions is unknown. The objectives of this study are to (a) evaluate the efficacy of a telephone-administered cognitive-behavioral intervention to prevent depression with all its components (cognitive and behavioral) and only with behavioral activation, and to (b) analyze the mediators of the change in depressive symptoms. Methods/Design A randomized controlled clinical trial was designed to dismantle the components of a cognitive-behavioral intervention. Caregivers with elevated depressive symptoms will be randomly assigned to a cognitive-behavioral intervention, an intervention with only the behavioral activation component, or a usual care control group. Each condition will consist of approximately 60 participants. The two interventions will consist of five sessions lasting 90 min each, applied to groups of about 5 participants at a time via conference call. Trained interviewers, blind to the experimental conditions, will conduct the assessments at the pre-treatment, post-treatment and 1-, 3-, 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Discussion This study will provide evidence of the efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral intervention to prevent depression in caregivers with elevated depressive symptoms administered via conference call, and on the impact of the behavioral activation component on the overall efficacy of the program. If we find favorable results, it would mean that we have developed a program of prevention of depression of higher clinical utility and efficacy than those currently available, which would make it possible for a large number of caregivers to have access to such resourcesThis study was funded by grant 2012-PN162 (PSI2012-37396) from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain. We wish to thank support from Ministry of Labor and Welfare (Xunta de Galicia)S

Eficacia de las intervenciones psicológicas breves para reducir los síntomas depresivos en cuidadores: Revisión sistemática y meta-análisis

The purposes of this work were to determine the efficacy of brief psychological interventions (≤ 8 sessions) aimed to reduce depressive symptomatology in nonprofessional caregivers and to analyze the influence of the potential moderator variables on the effect size. Studies were selected from PsycINFO and Medline databases, as well as from previous reviews or meta-analyses. Most of the interventions were able to reduce depressive symptoms, with a medium combined effect size (d = -0.61). The interventions that obtained the best results were those that (a) were based on the integrator multifactorial model of depression and the problem-solving model, (b) were aimed at caregivers with depressive symptoms but who had not yet developed a major depressive disorder, (c) in which an inclusion criterion was being at risk for depression, (d) were aimed at depression as the main objective, (e) had a low risk of bias (f) had a higher percentage of women. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron determinar la eficacia de las intervenciones psicológicas breves (≤ 8 sesiones) dirigidas a reducir la sintomatología depresiva de los cuidadores y analizar la influencia de variables moderadoras potenciales sobre el tamaño del efecto. Se seleccionaron 11 estudios de las bases de datos PsycINFO y Medline, así como de revisiones y meta-análisis previos. La mayoría de las intervenciones lograron disminuir los síntomas depresivos, con un tamaño del efecto combinado moderado (d = -0.61). Las intervenciones que obtuvieron mejores resultados fueron aquellas que (a) estaban basadas en el modelo integrador multifactorial de la depresión y en el de solución de problemas, (b) estaban dirigidas a cuidadores con síntomas depresivos pero que todavía no habían desarrollado un trastorno depresivo mayor, (c) incluían como criterio de inclusión presentar riesgo de depresión, (d) tenían como objetivo principal la depresión, (e) presentaban bajo riesgo de sesgos, (f) tenían un mayor porcentaje de mujeres.

Alternativa de un programa de ejercicios simultáneos para la rehabilitación de pacientes hemipléjicos

Introduction: cerebrovascular diseases are conditions in which the cerebral blood vessels are injured. Such a process may be intrinsic to the vessel or the consequence of emboli originating from the heart or extracranial circulation. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of the application of an alternating and coordinated exercise program in the rehabilitation of patients with hemiplegia caused by ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Method: an experimental study was conducted in the rehabilitation room of the René Vallejo Ortiz polyclinic from Bayamo in the period from March 2014 to March 2015 to evaluate efficacy of an exercise program for the rehabilitation of hemiplegic patients. The work universe consisted of 23 patients with hemiplegia who came to the rehabilitation room during the study period and the sample by 16 who met the inclusion criteria. Results: when analyzing the therapeutic response, it was observed that there was a difference of proportions of P = 0.1573, these results being influenced by the size of the sample and although from the statistical point of view they do not have a significant difference, from the point Social objective is achieved the goal outlined. Conclusions: it was possible to conclude that with the application of this method improves muscle strength and gait in a short period of time, making it effective to achieve rehabilitation.Introducción: las enfermedades cerebrovasculares constituyen afecciones en las que los vasos sanguíneos cerebrales se encuentran lesionados. Dicho proceso puede ser intrínseco del vaso o consecuencia de émbolos que provienen del corazón o de la circulación extracraneal.Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia de la aplicación de un programa de ejercicios de forma alterna y coordinada en la rehabilitación de pacientes con hemiplejía causada por enfermedad cerebrovascular isquémica.Método: se realizó un estudio experimental tipo ensayo clínico terapéutico controlada fase II, a ciegas por terceros, en la sala de rehabilitación del policlínico René Vallejo Ortiz de Bayamo en el periodo comprendido entre marzo del 2014-marzo del 2015 para evaluar la eficacia de un programa de ejercicios para la rehabilitación de pacientes hemipléjicos. El universo de trabajo estuvo constituido por 23 pacientes con hemiplejía que acudieron a dicha sala de rehabilitación en el periodo de estudio y la muestra por 16 que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión.Resultados: al analizar la respuesta terapéutica se pudo apreciar que existió una diferencia de proporciones de p=0,1573, estando estos resultados influenciados por el tamaño de la muestra y aunque desde el punto de vista estadísticos no tienen una diferencia significativa, desde el punto de vista social se alcanza el objetivo trazado.Conclusiones: se pudo concluir que con la aplicación de dicho método mejora la fuerza muscular y la marcha en un periodo corto de tiempo, por lo que resulta eficaz para lograr su rehabilitación

Alternativa de un programa de ejercicios simultáneos para la rehabilitación de pacientes hemipléjicos

RESUMEN Introducción: las enfermedades cerebrovasculares constituyen afecciones en las que los vasos sanguíneos cerebrales se encuentran lesionados. Dicho proceso puede ser intrínseco del vaso o consecuencia de émbolos que provienen del corazón o de la circulación extracraneal. Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia de la aplicación de un programa de ejercicios de forma alterna y coordinada en la rehabilitación de pacientes con hemiplejía causada por enfermedad cerebrovascular isquémica. Método: se realizó un estudio experimental tipo ensayo clínico terapéutico controlada fase II, a ciegas por terceros, en la sala de rehabilitación del policlínico René Vallejo Ortiz de Bayamo en el periodo comprendido entre marzo del 2014-marzo del 2015 para evaluar la eficacia de un programa de ejercicios para la rehabilitación de pacientes hemipléjicos. El universo de trabajo estuvo constituido por 23 pacientes con hemiplejía que acudieron a dicha sala de rehabilitación en el periodo de estudio y la muestra por 16 que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: al analizar la respuesta terapéutica se pudo apreciar que existió una diferencia de proporciones de p=0,1573, estando estos resultados influenciados por el tamaño de la muestra y aunque desde el punto de vista estadísticos no tienen una diferencia significativa, desde el punto de vista social se alcanza el objetivo trazado. Conclusiones: se pudo concluir que con la aplicación de dicho método mejora la fuerza muscular y la marcha en un periodo corto de tiempo, por lo que resulta eficaz para lograr su rehabilitación. ABSTRACT Introduction: cerebrovascular diseases are conditions in which the cerebral blood vessels are injured. Such a process may be intrinsic to the vessel or the consequence of emboli originating from the heart or extracranial circulation. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of the application of an alternating and coordinated exercise program in the rehabilitation of patients with hemiplegia caused by ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Method: an experimental study was conducted in the rehabilitation room of the René Vallejo Ortiz polyclinic from Bayamo in the period from March 2014 to March 2015 to evaluate efficacy of an exercise program for the rehabilitation of hemiplegic patients. The work universe consisted of 23 patients with hemiplegia who came to the rehabilitation room during the study period and the sample by 16 who met the inclusion criteria. Results: when analyzing the therapeutic response, it was observed that there was a difference of proportions of P = 0.1573, these results being influenced by the size of the sample and although from the statistical point of view they do not have a significant difference, from the point Social objective is achieved the goal outlined. Conclusions: it was possible to conclude that with the application of this method improves muscle strength and gait in a short period of time, making it effective to achieve rehabilitation

PERFORMATIVIDAD POSTHUMANISTA: LAS EXPERIENCIAS DE VIDA COMO ACTUAR EDUCATIVO

La Educación andragógica en performatividad posthumanista sobre los nuevos materialismos impone una nueva perspectiva de análisis para la formación del ser adulto. Por ello, se persigue con esta propuesta una manera diferente de contribuir con la preparación del individuo desde el desprendimiento de un materialismo educativo anticuado para hacerlos llegar a nuevos materialismos donde las ciencias juegan, se articulan, se desplazan activamente con la subjetividad de la persona humana, con la imaginación y la creatividad. Por tal razón, se impone una complicidad, donde toda la historia personal influye en la formación, se imbrica, se mezcla para la construcción y la apropiación de nuevos conocimientos