Graphs associated with nilpotent Lie algebras of maximal rank

In this paper, we use the graphs as a tool to study nilpotent Lie algebras. It implies to set up a link between graph theory and Lie theory. To do this, it is already known that every nilpotent Lie algebra of maximal rank is associated with a generalized Cartan matrix A and it is isomorphic to a quotient of the positive part n+ of the KacMoody algebra g(A). Then, if A is affine, we can associate n+ with a directed graph (from now on, we use the term digraph) and we can also associate a subgraph of this digraph with every isomorphism class of nilpotent Lie algebras of maximal rank and of type A. Finally, we show an algorithm which obtains these subgraphs and also groups them in isomorphism classes

Intratracheal dopamine attenuates pulmonary edema and improves survival after ventilator-induced lung injury in rats

Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;INTRODUCTION Clearance of alveolar oedema depends on active transport of sodium across the alveolar-epithelial barrier. beta-Adrenergic agonists increase clearance of pulmonary oedema, but it has not been established whether beta-agonist stimulation achieves sufficient oedema clearance to improve survival in animals. The objective of this study was to determine whether the increased pulmonary oedema clearance produced by intratracheal dopamine improves the survival of rats after mechanical ventilation with high tidal volume (HVT). METHODS This was a randomized, controlled, experimental study. One hundred and thirty-two Wistar-Kyoto rats, weighing 250 to 300 g, were anaesthetized and cannulated via endotracheal tube. Pulmonary oedema was induced by endotracheal instillation of saline solution and mechanical ventilation with HVT. Two types of experiment were carried out. The first was an analysis of pulmonary oedema conducted in six groups of 10 rats ventilated with low (8 ml/kg) or high (25 ml/kg) tidal volume for 30 or 60 minutes with or without intratracheally instilled dopamine. At the end of the experiment the animals were exsanguinated and pulmonary oedema analysis performed. The second experiment was a survival analysis, which was conducted in two groups of 36 animals ventilated with HVT for 60 minutes with or without intratracheal dopamine; survival of the animals was monitored for up to 7 days after extubation. RESULTS In animals ventilated at HVT with or without intratracheal dopamine, oxygen saturation deteriorated over time and was significantly higher at 30 minutes than at 60 minutes. After 60 minutes, a lower wet weight/dry weight ratio was observed in rats ventilated with HVT and instilled with dopamine than in rats ventilated with HVT without dopamine (3.9 +/- 0.27 versus 4.9 +/- 0.29; P = 0.014). Survival was significantly (P = 0.013) higher in animals receiving intratracheal dopamine and ventilated with HVT, especially at 15 minutes after extubation, when 11 of the 36 animals in the HVT group had died as compared with only one out of the 36 animals in the HVT plus dopamine group. CONCLUSION Intratracheal dopamine instillation increased pulmonary oedema clearance in rats ventilated with HVT, and this greater clearance was associated with improved survival.This work was supported in part by RED GIRA (G03/063) and FIBAO Research Foundation.Ye

Arquitectura y espacio sacro de José Romero Aguirre

Realizar un trabajo de investigación sobre las obras de carácter sacro del arquitecto zaragozano José Romero Aguirre, para poder realizar un análisis de cada una de ellas y de su conjunto para poder llegar a determinar conclusiones arquitectónicas e históricas. Ejemplo de éstas serían determinar la evolución del arquitecto a través de su obra, determinar sus posibles influencias posteriores, tanto en el ámbito local como el nacional, entre otros

Analysis of Four Polymorphisms Located at the Promoter of the Estrogen Receptor Alpha ESR1 Gene in a Population With Gender Incongruence

[Abstract] Introduction: Gender incongruence defines a state in which individuals feel discrepancy between the sex assigned at birth and their gender. Some of these people make a social transition from male to female (transwomen) or from female to male (trans men). By contrast, the word cisgender describes a person whose gender identity is consistent with their sex assigned at birth. Aim: To analyze the implication of the estrogen receptor a gene (ESR1) in the genetic basis of gender incongruence. Main Outcome Measures: Polymorphisms rs9478245, rs3138774, rs2234693, rs9340799. Method: We carried out the analysis of 4 polymorphisms located at the promoter of the ESR1 gene (C1 ¼ rs9478245, C2 ¼ rs3138774, C3 ¼ rs2234693, and C4 ¼ rs9340799) in a population of 273 trans women, 226 trans men, and 537 cis gender controls. For SNP polymorphisms, the allele and genotype frequencies were analyzed by c2 test. The strength of the SNP associations with gender incongruence was measured by binary logistic regression. For the STR polymorphism, the mean number of repeats were analyzed by the ManneWhitney U test. Measurement of linkage disequilibrium and haplotype frequencies were also performed. Results: The C2 median repeats were shorter in the trans men population. Genotypes S/S and S/L for the C2 polymorphism were overrepresented in the trans men group (P ¼ .012 and P ¼ .003 respectively). We also found overtransmission of the A/A genotype (C4) in the trans men population (P ¼ .017), while the A/G genotype (C4) was subrepresented (P ¼ .009]. The analyzed polymorphisms were in linkage disequilibrium. In the trans men population, the T(C1)-L(C2)-C(C3)-A(C4) haplotype was overrepresented (P ¼ .019) while the T(C1)-L(C2)-C(C3)-G(C4) was subrepresented (P ¼ .005). Conclusion: The ESR1 is associated with gender incongruence in the trans men populationThis work was supported by grants: ED431B 019/02 (EP), PGC2018-094919-B-C21 (AG), PGC2018-094919-B-C22 (RF), and FPU 15/02558 (JCC)Xunta de Galicia; ED431B 019/0

Alveolar fluid clearance in healthy pigs and influence of positive end-expiratory pressure

Journal Article;INTRODUCTION The objectives were to characterize alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) in pigs with normal lungs and to analyze the effect of immediate application of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). METHODS Animals (n = 25) were mechanically ventilated and divided into four groups: small edema (SE) group, producing pulmonary edema (PE) by intratracheal instillation of 4 ml/kg of saline solution; small edema with PEEP (SE + PEEP) group, same as previous but applying PEEP of 10 cmH2O; large edema (LE) group, producing PE by instillation of 10 ml/kg of saline solution; and large edema with PEEP (LE + PEEP) group, same as LE group but applying PEEP of 10 cmH2O. AFC was estimated from differences in extravascular lung water values obtained by transpulmonary thermodilution method. RESULTS At one hour, AFC was 19.4% in SE group and 18.0% in LE group. In the SE + PEEP group, the AFC rate was higher at one hour than at subsequent time points and higher than in the SE group (45.4% vs. 19.4% at one hour, P < 0.05). The AFC rate was also significantly higher in the LE + PEEP than in the LE group at three hours and four hours. CONCLUSIONS In this pig model, the AFC rate is around 20% at one hour and around 50% at four hours, regardless of the amount of edema, and is increased by the application of PEEP.Ye

Resultados deportivos en Hockey Césped en colegios particulares de la comuna de Lo Barnechea

Tesis (Profesor de Educación Física para la Enseñanza Básica, Licenciado en Educación)El objetivo de esta investigación es encontrar las posibles causas y niveles del rendimiento que podrían alcanzar el deporte de hockey sobre césped en la establecimientos educacionales particulares o privados de la comuna de lo Barnechea. El proceso seguido en este trabajo se ha basado en la creación de una herramienta descriptiva el cual será la entrevista y esta tendrá la función de recopilar información relevante de los profesores entrevistados. Para lograr dicho análisis se eligieron de forma preconcebida a 6 colegios de la comuna de lo Barnechea el cuales fueron: Craighouse School, Santiago College, Newland School, Colegio Everest, Colegio Monte Tabor y Nazaret, The International School , Nido de Águilas. Los datos obtenidos de cada una de las etapas entrevistadas fueron organizadas, ingresadas, graficas y analizadas a través del programa Exce

Evaluación del Suministro de Energía Eléctrica y Diseño de la Alternativa más Adecuada en la Finca la Mar (Esmeraldas).

Este trabajo pretende resolver el problema de abastecimiento de electricidad en la Finca La Mar, en Esmeraldas, la cual se encuentra en un sector de difícil acceso y no cuenta con este servicio. Se evaluo y diseño sistemas de generación eléctrica a través de una pequeña central Hidráulica, y, un sistema Eólico, ya que los recursos naturales del sector son suficientes para cumplir con la demanda, además una evaluación del suministro de energía eléctrica del Sistema Nacional Interconectado, a través de la Empresa Eléctrica Esmeraldas. En la propuesta hidráulica, se realiza mediciones de levantamiento topográfico y mediciones de caudal máximo y mínimo en épocas de invierno y verano respectivamente, siendo estos necesarios para el diseño de la Pico Central Hidroeléctrica. En la propuesta eólica, se realizan mediciones de velocidad y dirección del viento, que servirán para la selección del generador, además, se realiza un diseño de banco de baterías para un correcto abastecimiento de energía a la vivienda. Se diseña la torre que soportara al generador teniendo en cuenta todos los factores que intervienen en la generación de energía eólica. En la propuesta de suministro de energía a través de la red de Empresa Eléctrica Esmeraldas, se realiza una planilla de estructuras, para obtener así, un costo total para la instalación. Teniendo en cuenta aspectos como el económico, facilidad de construcción, impacto ambiental y mantenimiento del equipo de generación, se selecciona la alternativa eólica

Reflux-synthesized bulk and diluted W-Nb-O mixed oxide bronzes for the valorization of short-chain oxygenates aqueous mixtures

[EN] This work reports the preparation of bulk and KIT-6-diluted W-Nb-O mixed oxide bronzes by a reflux method. The influence of the incorporation of Nb and a mesoporous silica on the physicochemical features of the catalysts is studied. The addition of Nb favors the formation of single-phase oxide bronze structure, with improved Lewis acidity; while the incorporation of KIT-6 gives rise to well-dispersed mixed metal oxide particles on the diluter. These diluted W-Nb-O catalysts present enhanced surface areas and mesopore volumes. The materials have been tested in the valorization of an aqueous model mixture (acetol/propanal/ethanol/acetic acid/water weight ratio of 5/25/10/30/30), through C-C bond formation reactions. The increase in the Lewis nature of surface acid sites stands as the key point to maximize the total organic yield during the reaction (Cs-Cio products). The best catalysts maintain their catalytic behavior after five consecutive uses.Financial support by the Spanish Government (RT12018-099668-B-C21, PGC2018-097277-B-100, and SEV-2016-0683) is gratefully acknowledged. DD and AF-A thank the Severo Ochoa Excellence Program (SVP-2014-068669) and the "La Caixa-Severo Ochoa" Foundation, respectively, for their fellowships. NS thanks "Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico y Tecnologico (CNPq)" in Brasil. Authors are also grateful to the Electron Microscopy Service (Universitat Politecnica de Valencia) for facilities.Delgado-Muñoz, D.; Fernández-Arroyo, A.; La Salvia, N.; Domine, ME.; López Nieto, JM. (2019). Reflux-synthesized bulk and diluted W-Nb-O mixed oxide bronzes for the valorization of short-chain oxygenates aqueous mixtures. Chinese Journal of Catalysis. 40(11):1778-1787. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2067(19)63419-4S17781787401