A New Species of \u3ci\u3eEuphorbia\u3c/i\u3e Subgenus \u3ci\u3eChamaesyce\u3c/i\u3e Section \u3ci\u3eAlectoroctonum\u3c/i\u3e (Euphorbiaceae) From Limestone Hills of Wayne County, Mississippi

As part of a project to document the vascular flora of Wayne County, Mississippi, an unusual Euphorbia, which keys to the Euphorbia corollata complex, was encountered in mature hardwood forests in limestone regions. Unlike typical E. corollata and E. pubentissima, these individuals have long petioles (0.4–1.2 cm), oval to ovate leaves, short stature, small cyathia, small seeds, and a different phenology. In order to test species boundaries, morphological character differences were explored using principal component analysis (PCA), and additional characters were gathered from plastid (rpL16) and nuclear (ITS) DNA data of the unusual individuals as well as of E. corollata, E. pubentissima, and several other species of Euphorbia subgenus Chamaesyce section Alectoroctonum. The PCA indicates that the individuals are morphological outliers, and phylogenetic analyses of the DNA data indicate that the individuals have a unique haplotype different from E. corollata or E. pubentissima and are rather more closely related to E. mercurialina, a species not in the E. corollata complex but which occurs in similar mesic habitat in eastern Tennessee and neighboring Alabama, Georgia, and Kentucky. These data support the hypothesis that these unusual individuals represent a new species. Neither the PCA nor the phylogenetic analysis of DNA data reveals any differences between E. corollata and E. pubentissima

SB16-09/10: Healthcare Insurance Reform

SB16-09/10: Healthcare Insurance Reform. This resolution passed 17Y-4N on a roll call vote during the October 28, 2009 meeting of the Associated Students of the University of Montana (ASUM)

Designing for wellbeing in late stage dementia

This paper presents research that is developing new ways of supporting the wellbeing of people with late stage dementia through the development of playful objects. The LAUGH project is an international AHRC funded design research project that is using qualitative and participatory approaches to inform innovative concepts for new playful artefacts to stimulate fun, joy and in the moment pleasure for people living with dementia. The research is partnered by Gwalia Cyf and supported by Age Cymru and Alzheimer’s Society, including people living with dementia from their Service User Review Panels (SURP). Data presented is informed by three pre-design development workshops in which a multidisciplinary group of experts in the fields of dementia care and design have contributed their professional experience. This paper specifically focuses on data from the third of these workshops exploring procedural memory in relation to hand-use and craft making. This paper contends that hand-use, gesture and haptic sensibilities can provide access to procedural and emotional memories, which are retained even into the late stages of the disease. Craft and making activities learned in earlier life, provide rhythmic patterns of hand activity that can enhance wellbeing by supporting in the moment sensory experience, competency and reaffirmation of personhood. Playful activities provide a person with dementia freedom to explore, learn and have positive experiences even when cognitive function and memory recall is severely impaired. Future planned workshops will see the iterative development of prototype designs and their evaluation in ‘live labs’ with people living with late stage dementia

A method for detecting characteristic patterns in social interactions with an application to handover interactions

Social interactions are a defining behavioural trait of social animals. Discovering characteristic patterns in the display of such behaviour is one of the fundamental endeavours in behavioural biology and psychology, as this promises to facilitate the general understanding, classification, prediction and even automation of social interactions. We present a novel approach to study characteristic patterns, including both sequential and synchronous actions in social interactions. The key concept in our analysis is to represent social interactions as sequences of behavioural states and to focus on changes in behavioural states shown by individuals rather than on the duration for which they are displayed. We extend techniques from data mining and bioinformatics to detect frequent patterns in these sequences and to assess how these patterns vary across individuals or changes in interaction tasks. To illustrate our approach and to demonstrate its potential, we apply it to novel data on a simple physical interaction, where one person hands a cup to another person. Our findings advance the understanding of handover interactions, a benchmark scenario for social interactions. More generally, we suggest that our approach permits a general perspective for studying social interactions

INCREASING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY FOR MINORITY YOUTH THROUGH THE FIT2PLAY PROGRAM BASED IN COMMUNITY PARKS IN DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA

The social determinant of health of neighborhood and built environment is the influence of a community’s structure on the health of a community. Healthy People 2030 has recognized a need to increase the proportion of children who achieve the recommended amount of daily physical activity. We propose a strategy to implement the Fit2Play Program to increase physical activity for students in Durham County Parks. Fit2Play was first introduced in Miami-Dade County parks and has shown evidence that participating in regular physical activity can reduce blood pressure, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Participants also showed improved health and wellness knowledge. We aim to increase daily physical activity within youth of color in Durham County in order to prevent and decrease prevalence of chronic diseases through an evidence-based Durham County Parks after-school program.Master of Public Healt

Tramadol is a performance enhancing drug in highly trained cyclists. A randomised controlled trial

Tramadol is a potent narcotic analgesic reportedly used in multiple sports to reduce exertional pain and confer a performance advantage. This study sought to identify whether tramadol enhances performance in time trial cycling. Twenty-seven highly trained cyclists were screened for tramadol sensitivity and then attended the laboratory across three visits. Visit 1 identified maximal oxygen uptake, peak power output and gas exchange threshold through a ramp incremental test. Participants returned to the laboratory on two further occasions to undertake cycling performance tests following the ingestion of either 100 mg of soluble tramadol or a taste-matched placebo control in a double-blind, randomised, and crossover design. In the performance tests participants completed a 30 min non-exhaustive fixed intensity cycling task at a Heavy exercise intensity (272 ± 42 W), immediately followed by a competitive self-paced 25-mile time trial (TT). Following removal of two outlier data sets, analysis was completed on n=25. Participants completed the TT significantly faster (d = 0.54, p=0.012) in the tramadol condition (3758 s ± 232 s) compared to the placebo condition (3808 s ± 248 s) and maintained a significantly higher mean power output (+9 W) throughout the TT (ƞp2 = 0.262, p=0.009). Tramadol reduced perception of effort during the fixed intensity trial (p=0.026). The 1.3% faster time in the tramadol condition would be sufficient to change the outcomes of a race and is highly meaningful and pervasive in this cohort of highly trained cyclists. The data from this study suggests that tramadol is a performance enhancing drug

Toward the Elucidation of Cytoplasmic Diversity in North American Grape Breeding Programs

Plants have an intriguing tripartite genetic system: Nuclear genome 9 Mitochondria 9 Plastids and their interactions may impact germplasm breeding. In grapevine, the study of cytoplasmic genomes has been limited, and their role with respect to grapevine germplasm diversity has yet to be elucidated. In the present study, the results of an analysis of the cytoplasmic diversity among 6073 individuals (comprising cultivars, interspecific hybrids and segregating progenies) are presented. Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) was used to elucidate plastid and mitochondrial DNA sequences, and results were analyzed using multivariate techniques. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) effects were annotated in reference to plastid and mitochondrial genome sequences. The cytoplasmic diversity identified was structured according to synthetic domestication groups (wine and raisin/table gr.ape types) and interspecific-hybridization-driven groups with introgression from North American Vitis species, identifying five cytoplasmic groups and four major clusters. Fifty-two SNP markers were used to describe the diversity of the germplasm. Ten organelle genes showed distinct SNP annotations and effect predictions, of which six were chloroplast-derived and three were mitochondrial genes, in addition to one mitochondrial SNP affecting a nonannotated open reading frame. The results suggest that the application of GBS will aid in the study of cytoplasmic genomes in grapevine, which will enable further studies on the role of cytoplasmic genomes in grapevine germplasm, and then allow the exploitation of these sources of diversity in breeding

TreeView: A small satellite supporting precision forestry for nature-based solutions in a changing climate

The expansion of tree cover is a critical component of the path to net zero and the development of sustainable cities, but reaching this target will require extensive management of this resource. Through leveraging next-generation optical sensor technology and innovations across the payload and spacecraft development, TreeView will provide multispectral data at a ground sampling resolution on the scale of individual trees, providing measurement and monitoring capabilities from space at an unprecedented level. TreeView has been funded through to a Preliminary Design Review (PDR) by the UK Space Agency’s National Space Innovation Programme. This exciting mission aims to deliver a new perspective on urban green infrastructure in the UK and internationally, and assess the health of larger forest stands. The mission has a challenging target of an end-to-end budget of £15M and to achieve this, cost, size, weight and power limits are imposed on the payload and spacecraft. Meanwhile, signal to noise performance, spatial and spectral resolution have been set to provide new and unique data not available from Sentinel-2 or commercial providers

Screening and techno-economic assessment of biomass-based power generation with CCS technologies to meet 2050 CO2 targets

Biomass-based power generation combined with CO2 capture and storage (Biopower CCS) currently represents one of the few practical and economic means of removing large quantities of CO2 from the atmosphere, and the only approach that involves the generation of electricity at the same time. We present the results of the Techno-Economic Study of Biomass to Power with CO2 capture (TESBiC) project, that entailed desk-based review and analysis, process engineering, optimisation as well as primary data collection from some of the leading pilot demonstration plants. From the perspective of being able to deploy Biopower CCS by 2050, twenty-eight Biopower CCS technology combinations involving combustion or gasification of biomass (either dedicated or co-fired with coal) together with pre-, oxy- or post-combustion CO2 capture were identified and assessed. In addition to the capital and operating costs, techno-economic characteristics such as electrical efficiencies (LHV% basis), Levelised Cost of Electricity (LCOE), costs of CO2 captured and CO2 avoided were modelled over time assuming technology improvements from today to 2050. Many of the Biopower CCS technologies gave relatively similar techno-economic results when analysed at the same scale, with the plant scale (MWe) observed to be the principal driver of CAPEX (£/MWe) and the cofiring % (i.e. the weighted feedstock cost) a key driver of LCOE. The data collected during the TESBiC project also highlighted the lack of financial incentives for generation of electricity with negative CO2 emissions

A selective blocking method to control the overgrowth of Pt on Au nanorods

[Image: see text] A method for the preparation of smooth deposits of Pt on Au nanorods is described, involving sequential deposition steps with selective blocking of surface sites that reduces Pt-on-Pt deposition. The Au–Pt nanorods prepared by this method have higher long-term stability than those prepared by standard Pt deposition. Electrochemical data show that the resulting structure has more extended regions of Pt surface and enhanced activity toward the carbon monoxide oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions