Analisis Kelayakan Agroindustri Virgin Coconut Oil(studi Kasus Kelompok Tani Anugrah Kelurahan Tandurusa Kecamatan Aertembaga Kota Bitung)

This study aims to analyze how much profit out of the business of agro-industry Virgin Coconut Oil and analyzing the feasibility of agroindustrial Virgin Coconut Oil of Grace Farmers Group in Tandurusa Village Aertembaga Sub=District, District of Bitung. This research method is a method of Agro-industry survey on business Tandurusa Grace Farmer Group. Data were collected through interviews using a questionnaire technique. Methods of sample collection is done use purposive sampling) are members of farmer groups Grace. Analyzed using profits to the equation TC = TFC + TVC, TR = Q. P, Π = TR - TC. Then proceed to calculate the value of R / C which is the ratio between the total revenue with total costs incurred during the production process, wherein if R / C> 1 = worthy, R / C = 1 = breakeven, R / C 1. Fluctuations in the price and availability of raw materials greatly influence Virgin Coconut Oil production. Venture capital also influences the production of Virgin Coconut Oil. Agribusiness Virgin Coconut Oil provides an opportunity to increase income of farmers' income and employment opportunities and improve the State Foreign Exchange

KEUNTUNGAN USAHATANI PADI SAWAH DAN TERNAK ITIK DI PESISIR DANAU TONDANO KABUPATEN MINAHASA

ABSTRACT   FARM PROFIT OF DUCK AND PADDY-WET FIELD AROUND TONDANO LAKE OF MINAHASA REGENCY, NORTH SULAWESI. The population majority inhabiting around Tondano Lake planted paddy-wet filed and raised duck animal. Mono culture system of this plant without diversification of other plants decreased its plant productivity. Increasing income of household farmers by combination of duck integration farm affected conservation of the environmental farm. The objective of this research was to analyze farm profit by combination of paddy-wet field and duck animal of household farmers around Tondano Lake. Data were collected using survey method by observing directly on the paddy-wet field location around Tondano Lake. Types of data were time series and cross section. Samples of household farmers used in this study were defined using simple random sampling. The respondents were defined by purposive sampling method with the criteria of them to have the combination farm of paddy-wet field and duck animal. Based on this criterion, there were ten respondents. The incomes of farm combination between paddy-wet field and duck animal were IDR 75,546,633 per year with the total cost of IDR 26,532,737 per year. Data analysis of income was done by π/C ratio analysis. Results showed that the π/C ratio value was 1.54. It can be concluded that farm combination of paddy-wet field and duck animal yield profit of more than 1 of the π/C ratio, implying that farm diversification system should be applied by household farmers.   Keyword: Profit, paddy-wet field, duck animal, farm diversification system

Evaluation of Lifetime Cancer Risk in Some Vegetables and Soil Samples in Two Main Cities in Ogun State: Human and Ecological Risk

The spate of health challenges via the ingestion of radionuclides is still of concern especially in regions that have no clear documentation 14 of background of radioactive sources. The present study evaluated the activity concentrations of naturally occurring radioactive nuclides 15 in plants and their corresponding soil collected at Ibeshe and Covenant University community areas of Ogun State, Nigeria. The activity 16 concentrations and other radiological risks from consuming the leafy vegetables were also estimated. The results show that the mean 17 concentration of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K in the agricultural soil were found to be 24.18±2.31, 20.93±2.27, 20.95±1.9 for Ibeshe and 58.76±4.84, 18 26.06±1.93, 33.87±2.23, respectively for Covenant University. Whereas, for the leafy vegetables, the mean concentration of 226Ra, 232Th, 19 40K were found to be 5.02±0.9, 7.98±1.70, 427.82±29.75 for Ibeshe and 17.57±2.35, 22.19±3.0, and 424.17±25.15 for Covenant 20 University Community. In comparison, all these values are within the recommended limits of 32.00 and 45.00, 420.00, Bqkg-1for 226Ra, 21 232Th, 40K according to the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effect of Atomic Radiation (UNCEAR) except the mean value 2 for Covenant University soil for 232Th which is slightly higher. The values obtained were comparable 22 to the internationally recommended 23 values. The mean value for excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) for Ibeshe North is 31.08, while that of Canaanland (CU) is 239.03, 24 respectively is lower than the recommended limits of other published papers 1.72 x 104 according to International Commission on 25 Radiological Protection (ICRP). These lower radiological risks indicate apparently that the chemical carcinogenic pollutants in the 26 samples may be the major risk, inducing chemical parameters in the study area. This study will serve as a baseline data for any 27 radiologically induced diseases. Significantly, it will serve as a baseline data for any radiologically induced diseases from vegetables in 28 Nigeria and suggests further research on chemical toxicity risks on the same samples

Research priorities to reduce the impact of COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries

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Comparative analysis of co-processed starches prepared by three different methods

Co-processing is currently of interest in the generation of high-functionality excipients for tablet formulation. In the present study, comparative analysis of the powder and tableting properties of three co-processed starches prepared by three different methods was carried out. The co-processed excipients consisting of maize starch (90%), acacia gum (7.5%) and colloidal silicon dioxide (2.5%) were prepared by co-dispersion (SAS-CD), co-fusion (SAS-CF) and co-granulation (SAS-CG). Powder properties of each co-processed excipient were characterized by measuring particle size, flow indices, particle density, dilution potential and lubricant sensitivity ratio. Heckel and Walker models were used to evaluate the compaction behaviour of the three co-processed starches. Tablets were produced with paracetamol as the model drug by direct compression on an eccentric Tablet Press fitted with 12 mm flat-faced punches and compressed at 216 MPa. The tablets were stored at room temperature for 24 h prior to evaluation. The results revealed that co-granulated co-processed excipient (SAS-CG) gave relatively better properties in terms of flow, compressibility, dilution potential, deformation, disintegration, crushing strength and friability. This study has shown that the method of co-processing influences the powder and tableting properties of the co-processed excipient

Comparative analysis of co-processed starches prepared by three different methods

Co-processing is currently of interest in the generation of high-functionality excipients for tablet formulation. In the present study, comparative analysis of the powder and tableting properties of three co-processed starches prepared by three different methods was carried out. The co-processed excipients consisting of maize starch (90%), acacia gum (7.5%) and colloidal silicon dioxide (2.5%) were prepared by co-dispersion (SAS-CD), co-fusion (SAS-CF) and co-granulation (SAS-CG). Powder properties of each co-processed excipient were characterized by measuring particle size, flow indices, particle density, dilution potential and lubricant sensitivity ratio. Heckel and Walker models were used to evaluate the compaction behaviour of the three co-processed starches. Tablets were produced with paracetamol as the model drug by direct compression on an eccentric Tablet Press fitted with 12 mm flat-faced punches and compressed at 216 MPa. The tablets were stored at room temperature for 24 h prior to evaluation. The results revealed that co-granulated co-processed excipient (SAS-CG) gave relatively better properties in terms of flow, compressibility, dilution potential, deformation, disintegration, crushing strength and friability. This study has shown that the method of co-processing influences the powder and tableting properties of the co-processed excipient

The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

Investment in SARS-CoV-2 sequencing in Africa over the past year has led to a major increase in the number of sequences generated, now exceeding 100,000 genomes, used to track the pandemic on the continent. Our results show an increase in the number of African countries able to sequence domestically, and highlight that local sequencing enables faster turnaround time and more regular routine surveillance. Despite limitations of low testing proportions, findings from this genomic surveillance study underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic and shed light on the distinct dispersal dynamics of Variants of Concern, particularly Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron, on the continent. Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve, while the continent faces many emerging and re-emerging infectious disease threats. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century

A year of genomic surveillance reveals how the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic unfolded in Africa

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Pathways to mental healthcare in south-eastern Nigeria

In sub-Saharan Africa, traditional and faith healers provide competing services alongside biomedical professionals. This may be associated with delays in reaching specialised mental health services, and hence with longer duration of untreated illness. As first line care constitutes a crucial stage in accessing of psychiatric care, investigating pathways to mental healthcare can highlight help-seeking choices. This study explored the pathways to care for mental illness preferred by a non-clinical sample of the population in south-eastern Nigeria. Multistage sampling was used to select participants (N = 706) who completed questionnaires on help-seeking. Results showed a significant preference for biomedical (90.8%) compared to spiritual (57.8%) and traditional (33.2%) pathways. Higher education predicted preference for the biomedical model, while low education was associated with traditional and spiritual pathways. Protestants preferred the spiritual pathway more than did Catholics. The use of biomedical care is potentially undermined by poor mental health infrastructure, a lack of fit between the culture of biomedical care and the deep-seated cultural/religious worldviews of the people, stigma surrounding mental illness, and the likelihood of a social desirability bias in responses. A complementary model of care is proposed

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely