Impact of the circular economy on the sustainable development goals: analysis of organizations associated to the United Nations Global Compact Red Colombia

La economía circular (EC) y los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible (ODS) son iniciativas sostenibles que están siendo promovidas a nivel mundial en el sector público, privado y no gubernamental, pero su interacción ha sido escasamente estudiada. Entre las organizaciones no gubernamentales más destacadas en Colombia se encuentra Pacto Global de las Naciones Unidas, la cual lleva más de 16 años en el país promoviendo principios sostenibles. En el presente trabajo de grado de maestría se determinó el impacto de prácticas de EC sobre el desarrollo de las metas de los ODS más representativos en las organizaciones adheridas a Pacto Global Red Colombia. Los resultados permitieron evidenciar que el 70% de las 65 organizaciones estudiadas están alineadas con los ODS e implementan el modelo de EC, siendo la práctica de gestión de residuos la de mayor aplicación. Los sectores más destacados por presentar el mayor uso de prácticas de EC fueron el de transporte y el de bebidas y alimentos. Paralelamente, se evaluó mediante expertos la interacción entre la EC y los ODS. Aquí, los hallazgos mostraron que la EC contribuye positiva y directamente en un 51% al cumplimiento de los ODS e impacta principalmente la dimensión económica y ambiental. Específicamente, los ODS que reciben mayor efecto positivo por parte de la EC son los ODS 9 (industria, innovación e infraestructura), ODS 12 (consumo y producción sostenible) y ODS 13 (acción por el clima). Asimismo, la EC tiene un impacto alto del 46% sobre el avance de las metas de los ODS representativos, principalmente en la meta 9,2 (industria inclusiva y sostenible), 9,4 (infraestructura sostenible y resiliente), 12,5 (reducción, reciclado y reutilización de desechos) y 13,2 (políticas, estrategias y planes nacionales). Por último, el efecto que tiene la aplicación actual de prácticas circulares en las organizaciones adheridas a Pacto Global sobre los ODS y las metas de los ODS representativos es disminuir el impacto potencial de la EC en más del 60%. Aunque la implementación de prácticas de EC no es suficiente para lograr la totalidad del avance de los ODS, su aporte sustancial puede representar una ventaja competitiva sostenible. Adicionalmente, la reducción significativa del impacto potencial de la EC por el bajo uso de prácticas aumenta aún más la necesidad de aplicar el modelo de EC de forma integral en las organizaciones adheridas a Pacto Global.Pacto Global Red ColombiaThe circular economy (CE) and the sustainable development goals (SDGs) are sustainable initiatives that are being promoted worldwide in the public, private and non-governmental sectors; however, their interaction has been rarely studied. Among the most prominent non-governmental organizations in Colombia is the United Nations of Global Compact, which has been in the country for more than 16 years promoting sustainable principles. In this master's degree dissertation, the impact of CE practices on the development of the goals of the most representative SDGs in the organizations that adhered to the Global Compact Red Colombia was determined. The results showed that 70% of the 65 organizations studied are aligned with the SDGs and implement a CE model, with the waste management practice being the most widely applied. The most notable sectors for presenting the highest use of CE practices were transportation and food and beverages. In parallel, the interaction between CE and the SDGs was evaluated by experts. Here, the findings showed that CE contributes positively and directly by 51% to the fulfillment of the SDGs and it mainly impacts the economic and environmental dimension. Specifically, the SDGs that receive the greatest positive effect from the CE are SDG 9 (industry, innovation, and infrastructure), SDG 12 (sustainable consumption and production), and SDG 13 (climate action). Likewise, the CE has a high impact of 46% on the progress of the representative SDG targets, mainly in the target 9.2 (inclusive and sustainable industry), 9.4 (sustainable and resilient infrastructure), 12.5 (waste reduction, recycling, and reuse), and 13.2 (national policies, strategies, and plans). Finally, the effect of the current application of circular practices in the member organizations of the Global Compact on the SDGs and representative SDG targets, is to reduce its potential by more than 60%. Although the implementation of CE practices is not enough to achieve the full progress of the SDGs, their substantial contribution can represent a sustainable competitive advantage. Additionally, the significant reduction of the potential impact of CE due to the low use of practices, increases the need to apply the CE model comprehensively in organizations associated to the Global Compact.Magíster en Proyectos de Desarrollo SostenibleMaestrí

Evaluación de la vida útil de quesos semimaduros con recubrimientos comestibles utilizando aceite esencial de jengibre (Zingiber officinale) como agente antimicrobiano.

The use of biodegradable materials has made it possible to replace plastic packaging to a large extent. Edible coatings from polysaccharides have become an attractive and cost-effective alternative for food preservation. For this work, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) films (1.5, 2.0, 2.5%) were used incorporating glycerol as a plasticizer (5%) and essential oil (AE) (0.05, 0.1 mL / L) of ginger (Zingiber officinale) as an antimicrobial agent for the conservation of paipa-like semi-mature cheeses. The extraction of AE from ginger (Zingiber officinale) was carried out, as well as the identification of its main components. For the physicochemical effect tests of the rhizome (Rz) (moisture 84.79, ash 1.39 proteins 2.27, fat 4.12, fiber 0.62, carbohydrates 5.78) were performed on the analyzed species. The essential oil was obtained by microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MWHD) in a time of 60 minutes (divided into intervals of 15 minutes), with a final separation by Rota evaporation. The yields obtained were 0.15-0.25% with respect to the wet weight. The physical characteristics of the samples showed values of refractive index of 1.52, density 0.88 g / ml and solubility in ethanol at 96º of purity. The analysis of the essential oil was performed by GC-MS, finding a high content of sesquiterpenes, such as zingiberene (7.2-8.5%) and a-curcumene (2.8-3.3%). Semi-mature cheeses were coated, and stored under shelf conditions (15°C, 80% RH), evaluating for 24 days the growth inhibition of the predominant microbiota in this type of food (Penicillium, Aspergillius, Geotrichum, Mucor sp and Fusarium). The RC for CMC 2.5; AE 0.1 mL and glycerol of 5% presented significant differences (<0.5) with respect to the reduction of the microbial load for the final product, becoming an agroindustrial alternative for the conservation of cheeses.El uso de materiales biodegradables ha permitido sustituir en gran parte los empaques plásticos. Los recubrimientos comestibles a partir de polisacáridos se han convertido en una alternativa atractiva y rentable para la conservación de alimentos. Para este trabajo, se utilizaron películas de carboximetilcelulosa (CMC) (1,5; 2,0; 2,5%) incorporando glicerol como plastificante (5%) y aceite esencial (AE)  (0,05; 0.1 mL/l) de jengibre (Zingiber officinale) como agente antimicrobiano para la conservación de quesos semimaduros. Se realizó la extracción de AE de jengibre (Zingiber officinale), así como a la identificación de sus componentes principales. Para el efecto se realizaron pruebas fisicoquímicas del rizoma (Humedad 84,79; Cenizas 1,39 Proteínas 2,27; Grasa 4,12; Fibra 0,62; Carbohidratos 5,78) sobre la especie analizada. El aceite esencial fue obtenido por hidrodestilación asistida por microondas (MWHD) en un tiempo de 60 minutos (dividido en intervalos de 15 minutos), con una separación final por rotaevaporación. Los rendimientos obtenidos fueron del 0,15-0,25% con respecto al peso húmedo. Las características físicas de las muestras presentaron valores de índice de refracción de 1.52, densidad 0.88 g/ml y solubilidad en etanol a 96º. El análisis del aceite esencial se realizó por GC-MS, encontrándose un alto contenido de sesquiterpenos, como el zingibereno (7,2-8,5%) y el a-curcumeno (2,8-3.3%). Los quesos semimaduros fueron recubiertos, y almacenados en condiciones de anaquel (15°C; HR 80%), evaluándose durante 24 días  la inhibición del crecimiento de la microbiota predominante en este tipo de alimentos (Penicillium, Aspergillius, Geotrichum, Mucor sp y Fusarium).

Identification and characterization at the single-cell level of cytokine-producing circulating cells in children with dengue

Q1Q1Completo1472-1480NiñosIn this study, we identified, at the single-cell level, naturally induced cytokine-producing circulating cells (CPCCs) in children with dengue virus (DENV) infection ranging clinically from mild to severe disease. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) CPCCs were detected in children with primary or secondary acute dengue virus (DENV) infection, and the pattern of these cytokines was similar to that seen in the supernatant of cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells and partially comparable to that found in plasma. Monocytes, B cells, and myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) were the primary CPCCs detected, and the frequency of mDCs was significantly higher in severe disease. B cells isolated from children with dengue spontaneously secreted TNF-α, IL-6, and interleukin 10, and supernatants from cultures of purified B cells induced activation of allogeneic T cells, supporting an antibody-independent function of these cells during DENV infection. Thus, CPCCs could be a new immune parameter with potential use to evaluate pathogenesis in this infection

Latin American study of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer LACAM : a genomic epidemiology approach

Q2Q1Artículo original1-13Purpose: Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC) syndrome is responsible for ~5–10% of all diagnosed breast and ovarian cancers. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women in Latin America (LA). The main objective of this study was to develop a comprehensive understanding of the genomic epidemiology of HBOC throughout the establishment of The Latin American consortium for HBOC-LACAM, consisting of specialists from 5 countries in LA and the description of the genomic results from the first phase of the study. Methods: We have recruited 403 individuals that fulfilled the criteria for HBOC from 11 health institutions of Argentina, Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico and Peru. A pilot cohort of 222 individuals was analyzed by NGS gene panels. One hundred forty-three genes were selected on the basis of their putative role in susceptibility to different hereditary cancers. Libraries were sequenced in MiSeq (Illumina, Inc.) and PGM (Ion Torrent-Thermo Fisher Scientific) platforms. Results: The overall prevalence of pathogenic variants was 17% (38/222); the distribution spanned 14 genes and varied by country. The highest relative prevalence of pathogenic variants was found in patients from Argentina (25%, 14/57), followed by Mexico (18%, 12/68), Guatemala (16%, 3/19), and Colombia (13%, 10/78). Pathogenic variants were found in BRCA1 (20%) and BRCA2 (29%) genes. Pathogenic variants were found in other 12 genes, including high and moderate risk genes such as MSH2, MSH6, MUTYH, and PALB2. Additional pathogenic variants were found in HBOC unrelated genes such as DCLRE1C, WRN, PDE11A, and PDGFB. Conclusion: In this first phase of the project, we recruited 403 individuals and evaluated the germline genetic alterations in an initial cohort of 222 patients among 4 countries. Our data show for the first time in LA the distribution of pathogenic variants in a broad set of cancer susceptibility genes in HBOC. Even though we used extended gene panels, there was still a high proportion of patients without any detectable pathogenic variant, which emphasizes the larger, unexplored genetic nature of the disease in these populations

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Diseño de propuestas de mejora para el proceso de una línea de detergentes líquidos de una empresa manufacturera de la región

En este estudio se examina el proceso de llenado de la línea 50 de la empresa Reckitt Benckiser, con el propósito de desarrollar propuestas de mejora que permitan a la compañía incrementar la eficiencia de producción medida con el indicador OEE, dado que éste presentaba bajos resultados a comparación de la meta propuesta por la compañía del 57%. Como primer paso, se toma el estado actual de la línea 50 y se le analizó por medio de los datos obtenidos de la empresa y de los que fueron recolectados durante la producción por los estudiantes, con el fin de identificar y observar los estándares del proceso y de acuerdo con estos encontrar variables que presentan problemas al mantener dicho estándar. Para ello se utilizaron diferentes herramientas como listas de chequeo, tablas de recolección, Paretos, Gráficos de dispersión, correlación, entre otras que permitían una mayor visión de los análisis sacados de la información. A partir de las conclusiones obtenidas de los análisis, se identificaron oportunidades de mejora en muchos procesos de la línea 50 y de esta manera se plantearon propuestas de mejora. Finalmente se llegaron a plantear 4 propuestas de mejora, que consistían en cambios de diseño para una de las máquinas del proceso de llenado, además de un cambio de velocidades y la compra de una nueva máquina que sirve como apoyo a todo el flujo de producción, para de esta forma aprovechar el mayor tiempo óptimo posible y salida de corrugados que finalmente es lo que refleja el incremento de la eficiencia operacional.In this study there examines the process of filling the line 50 of the company Reckitt Benckiser, with the intention of developing the company to increase the efficiency of production measured to the OEE indicator, provided that this one was presenting low results to 57% of the goal proposed by the company. As a first step, the current state of line 50 is taken and analyzed by means of the data obtained from the company and those collected during the production by the students, in order to identify and observe the standards of the process and according to these find variables that present problems in maintaining this standard. For this purpose, different tools were used, such as checklists, collection tables, Paretos, Scatterplots, correlation, among others that allowed a greater view of the analyzes extracted from the information. Based on the conclusions drawn from the analyzes, opportunities for improvement were identified in many of the processes in line 50 and proposals for improvement were made. Finally, 4 proposals for improvement were made, which consisted of design changes for one of the filling machines, as well as a change of speeds and the purchase of a new machine that serves as support for the entire production flow, so as to take advantage of the optimum possible time and output of corrugated which finally is what reflects the increase of the OEE

RESPUESTA DE Bradyrhizobium japonicum A LA ADICIÓN DE ALGINATO EN PRESENCIA DE FUNGICIDAS PELETIZADOS EN SEMILLAS DE SOYA

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la respuesta de un inoculante con base en cepas de Bradyrhizobium japonicum a la adición de alginato, en presencia de los fungicidas Carbendazim® y Fludioxonil®, peletizados en semillas de soya. El experimento consistió de ocho tratamientos completamente al azar, con un arreglo factorial 3x2, con tres repeticiones por triplicado. La estimación de sobrevivencia bacteriana, como variable de respuesta, fue realizada en tres tiempos de secado: 0, 24 y 48 horas. Los datos fueron expresados como [Log10 UFC/mL]. Los resultados mostraron que los dos fungicidas reducen significativamente (p<0.05) la viabilidad de B . japonicum . El fungicida Fludioxonil® presentó mayor efecto inhibitorio que Carbendazim®, con más del 25% de reducción, a las 48 horas . Además, se demostró que el alginato promueve la adherencia sobre las semillas de soya y la protección de las bacterias, disminuyendo la acción inhibitoria (p<0.05), después de las 24 horas. Estos resultados sugieren que la aplicación de polímeros en inoculantes bacterianos representa una alternativa promisoria, para disminuir los efectos nocivos de fungicidas, sobre su viabilidad celular

Response of Bradyrhizobium japonicum to alginate In presence of pelleted fungicides on Soybean seeds

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la respuesta de un inoculante con base en cepas de Bradyrhizobium japonicum a la adición de alginato, en presencia de los fungicidas Carbendazim® y Fludioxonil®, peletizados en semillas de soya. El experimento consistió de ocho tratamientos completamente al azar, con un arreglo factorial 3x2, con tres repeticiones por triplicado. La estimación de sobrevivencia bacteriana, como variable de respuesta, fue realizada en tres tiempos de secado: 0, 24 y 48 horas. Los datos fueron expresados como [Log10 UFC/mL]. Los resultados mostraron que los dos fungicidas reducen significativamente (p<0.05) la viabilidad de B . japonicum .El fungicida Fludioxonil® presentó mayor efecto inhibitorio que Carbendazim®, con más del 25% de reducción, a las 48 horas . Además, se demostró que el alginato promueve la adherencia sobre las semillas de soya y la protección de las bacterias, disminuyendo la acción inhibitoria (p<0.05), después de las 24 horas. Estos resultados sugieren que la aplicación de polímeros en inoculantes bacterianos representa una alternativa promisoria, para disminuir los efectos nocivos de fungicidas, sobre su viabilidad celular.The aim of this research was to determine the response of an inoculant based on strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicumwith the addition of alginate in presence of Carbendazim® and Fludioxonil® pelleted fungicides in soybean seeds. The experiment consisted of eight treatments completely randomized with a 3x2 factorial arrangement with three replications by triplicate. Estimation of bacterial survival, as response variable, was performed at three times of drying: 0, 24 and 48 hours. Data were expressed as Log10 (CFU/mL). Results showed that the two fungicides significantly reduce (p<0.05) the viability of B . japonicum. Fludioxonil® presented a stronger inhibitory effect than Carbendazim® with more than 25% of reduction at 48 hours. Moreover, it was shown that alginate promotes the adherence over soybean seeds and bacteria protection, diminishing the fungicide inhibitory action (p<0.05) after 24 hours. These results suggest that application of polymers in bacteria inoculants are a promising alternative to reduce negative effects of fungicides over cellular viabilityIncluye referencias bibliográfica