656 research outputs found
History of the Innovation of Damage Control for Management of Trauma Patients: 1902-2016
Objective: To review the history of the innovation of damage control (DC) for management of trauma patients. Background: DC is an important development in trauma care that provides a valuable case study in surgical innovation. Methods: We searched bibliographic databases (1950-2015), conference abstracts (2009-2013), Web sites, textbooks, and bibliographies for articles relating to trauma DC. The innovation of DC was then classified according to the Innovation, Development, Exploration, Assessment, and Long-term study model of surgical innovation. Results: The innovation\u27\u27 of DC originated from the use of therapeutic liver packing, a practice that had previously been abandoned after World War II because of adverse events. It then developed\u27\u27 into abbreviated laparotomy using rapid conservative operative techniques.\u27\u27 Subsequent exploration\u27\u27 resulted in the application of DC to increasingly complex abdominal injuries and thoracic, peripheral vascular, and orthopedic injuries. Increasing use of DC laparotomy was followed by growing reports of postinjury abdominal compartment syndrome and prophylactic use of the open abdomen to prevent intra-abdominal hypertension after DC laparotomy. By the year 2000, DC surgery had been widely adopted and was recommended for use in surgical journals, textbooks, and teaching courses ( assessment\u27\u27 stage of innovation). Long-term study\u27\u27 of DC is raising questions about whether the procedure should be used more selectively in the context of improving resuscitation practices. Conclusions: The history of the innovation of DC illustrates how a previously abandoned surgical technique was adapted and readopted in response to an increased understanding of trauma patient physiology and changing injury patterns and trauma resuscitation practices
The strong coupling constant at small momentum as an instanton detector
We present a study of at small p computed from the lattice.
It shows a dramatic law which can be understood within an
instanton liquid model. In this framework the prefactor gives a direct measure
of the instanton density in thermalised configurations. A preliminary result
for this density is 5.27(4) fm^{-4}.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure
Analysis of the low-energy electron-recoil spectrum of the CDMS experiment
We report on the analysis of the low-energy electron-recoil spectrum from the
CDMS II experiment using data with an exposure of 443.2 kg-days. The analysis
provides details on the observed counting rate and possible background sources
in the energy range of 2 - 8.5 keV. We find no significant excess in the
counting rate above background, and compare this observation to the recent DAMA
results. In the framework of a conversion of a dark matter particle into
electromagnetic energy, our 90% confidence level upper limit of 0.246
events/kg/day at 3.15 keV is lower than the total rate above background
observed by DAMA by 8.9. In absence of any specific particle physics
model to provide the scaling in cross section between NaI and Ge, we assume a
Z^2 scaling. With this assumption the observed rate in DAMA differs from the
upper limit in CDMS by 6.8. Under the conservative assumption that the
modulation amplitude is 6% of the total rate we obtain upper limits on the
modulation amplitude a factor of ~2 less than observed by DAMA, constraining
some possible interpretations of this modulation.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
A Search for WIMPs with the First Five-Tower Data from CDMS
We report first results from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS II)
experiment running with its full complement of 30 cryogenic particle detectors
at the Soudan Underground Laboratory. This report is based on the analysis of
data acquired between October 2006 and July 2007 from 15 Ge detectors (3.75
kg), giving an effective exposure of 121.3 kg-d (averaged over recoil energies
10--100 keV, weighted for a weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) mass of
60 \gev). A blind analysis, incorporating improved techniques for event
reconstruction and data quality monitoring, resulted in zero observed events.
This analysis sets an upper limit on the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross
section of 6.6 cm (4.6 cm when combined
with previous CDMS Soudan data) at the 90% confidence level for a WIMP mass of
60 \gev. By providing the best sensitivity for dark matter WIMPs with masses
above 42 GeV/c, this work significantly restricts the parameter space for
some of the favored supersymmetric models.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PRL 28 March 200
Results from the Super Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (SuperCDMS) experiment at Soudan
We report the result of a blinded search for Weakly Interacting Massive
Particles (WIMPs) using the majority of the SuperCDMS Soudan dataset. With an
exposure of 1690 kg days, a single candidate event is observed, consistent with
expected backgrounds. This analysis (combined with previous Ge results) sets an
upper limit on the spin-independent WIMP--nucleon cross section of () cm at 46 GeV/. These results set the
strongest limits for WIMP--germanium-nucleus interactions for masses 12
GeV/
Light Sterile Neutrinos: A White Paper
This white paper addresses the hypothesis of light sterile neutrinos based on
recent anomalies observed in neutrino experiments and the latest astrophysical
data
CDMSlite: A Search for Low-Mass WIMPs using Voltage-Assisted Calorimetric Ionization Detection in the SuperCDMS Experiment
SuperCDMS is an experiment designed to directly detect Weakly Interacting
Massive Particles (WIMPs), a favored candidate for dark matter ubiquitous in
the Universe. In this paper, we present WIMP-search results using a
calorimetric technique we call CDMSlite, which relies on voltage- assisted
Luke-Neganov amplification of the ionization energy deposited by particle
interactions. The data were collected with a single 0.6 kg germanium detector
running for 10 live days at the Soudan Underground Laboratory. A low energy
threshold of 170 eVee (electron equivalent) was obtained, which allows us to
constrain new WIMP-nucleon spin-independent parameter space for WIMP masses
below 6 GeV/c2.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
- …