Conceptualization of entities in a criminal law subontology: analysing the superordinate concept +DRUG_00 in FunGramKb

[ES] Este artículo describe las fases de construcción de una ontología terminológica dentro de la arquitectura de FunGramKB, una base de conocimiento léxico-conceptual para el procesamiento computacional del lenguaje natural. La descomposición semántica de la terminología compleja se realiza siguiendo el proceso COHERENT, esto es, una metodología gradual para la formalización de conceptos especializados. Para tratar de ilustrar este proceso hemos seleccionado el concepto +DRUG_00, así como otros conceptos subordinados, tales como $METHAMPHETAMINE_00,$CANNABIS_00 y COCAINE_00 pertenecientes al dominio de las sustancias estupefacientes (drogas). Las definiciones de los conceptos seleccionados se basan en COREL, un metalenguaje de interfaz inspirado en algunos principios generales de la Gramática del Rol y la Referencia (GRR). Como resultado del proceso de modelado, subsunción y jerarquización, la ruta conceptual superior de la ontología se representa en la Ontología Satélite dentro de FunGramKB según el siguiente esquema: #ENTITY > #PHYSICAL > #OBJECT > #SELF_CONNECTED_OBJECT > +ARTIFICIAL_OBJECT_00 > +SUBSTANCE_00 > +SOLID_00 > +DRUG_00. [EN] This article describes some phases in the process of constructing a term-based Satellite Ontology within the architecture of the Core Ontology integrated in FunGramKB (a lexico-conceptual knowledge base for the computational processing of natural language). The semantic decomposition of complex terminology is implemented following the COHERENT methodology (a stepwise method for formalizing specialized concepts). For that purpose, we have selected the superordinate concept +DRUG_00 as well as other subordinate concepts in the domain of drugs such as METHAMPHETAMINE_00, $CANNABIS_00, and$COCAINE_00. The definitions of the concepts selected for the study are based on COREL, an interface metalanguage inspired on some general principles of Role and Reference Grammar (RRG). As a result of the modeling, subsumption and hierarchization process the top conceptual path is represented in the Satellite Ontology as follows: #ENTITY > #PHYSICAL > #OBJECT > SELF_CONNECTED_OBJECT > +ARTIFICIAL_OBJECT_00 > +SUBSTANCE_00 > +SOLID_00> +DRUG_00.Este artículo forma parte del proyecto de investigación I+D+i titulado “Representación formal de una ontología sobre derecho penal y su integración en una base de conocimiento para la comprensión del lenguaje natural”, financiado en el marco del Programa Operativo FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020 (Junta de Andalucía). Código: B-HUM-177-UGR18Felices Lago, ÁM.; Ureña Gómez-Moreno, P. (2020). Conceptualización de entidades terminológicas en una subontología de derecho penal: análisis del concepto superordinado +DRUG_00 en FunGramKb. 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Thermostructural behavior in a series of lanthanide-containing polyoxotungstate hybrids with copper(II) complexes of the tetraazamacrocycle cyclam: a single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation study

A series of 14 isostructural [Cu(cyclam)](2)[{Cu(cyclam)}4{(a-GeW11O39)Ln(H2O)-(OAc)(12)].18H(2)O (1-Ln, where Ln = La Lu; cyclam = 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) polyoxometalate-based hybrids reported herein represent (i) the first example of a twodimensional covalent hybrid lattice involving the [{(aXWI 1039)Ln(H2O)(OAc)}2in- archetype and (ii) the first structural characterization of such a dimeric polyoxotungste for Ln = La and Pr as well as for the combination of X = Ge and Ln = Ce, Nd, Sm, or Lu. Compounds 1-Ln have been characterized by elemental analyses, infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis, and their thermostructural behavior has been monitored by powder and single-crystal Xray diffraction. The title compounds undergo two single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformations triggered dehydration leading to the [{Cu(cydam)}6{(alpha-GeW11O39)Ln(H2O)(OAc)}2]-4H(2)O intermediate (2-Ln, where Ln = Eu or Er) and [Cu(cyclam)]0.5[{Cu(cyclam)}55{(alpha-GeW11O39)Ln(0Ac)}2] (3-Ln, where Ln = Ce or Eu) final anhydrous phases, the latter evidencing a coordinatively unsaturated derivative of the dimeric archetype for the first time. These transitions involve formation and disruption of Cu Opom bonds that result in different {Cu(cydam)}(2+) moieties grafting onto and being released from Keggin surfaces, which reduces the dimensionality of 1-Ln to one-dimensional covalent assemblies for 2-Ln and 3-Ln. While all 3-Ln phases rehydrate fully upon exposure to air for 24 h, the kinetics governing the crystal transitions back toward 1Ln through 2-Ln depend on the nature of Ln. Under ambient moisture, the anhydrous structures fully revert back to the parent framework for Ln = La Sm, while the samples containing Eu to Lu afford mixtures of 1-Ln and 2-Ln and require immersion in water for the structural reversion to reach completion. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses of the rehydrated 1R-Ln samples (Ln = Ce, Eu, and Er) support these observations.This work was funded by Eusko Jaurlaritza/Gobierno Vasco (Grant PIBA2018-59 and ELKARTEK bG18 10(2018/00054), MINECO (Grant MAT2017-89553-P), and UPV/EHU (Grants PPG17/37 and GIU17/050). S.R. thanks Obra Social la Caixa, Fundacion Caja Navarra, and UPNA for a research contract in the framework of the program "Captación del Talento". Technical and human support provided by SGIker (UPV/EHU) is gratefully acknowledged

Squalene through its post-squalene metabolites is a modulator of hepatic transcriptome in rabbits

Squalene is a natural bioactive triterpene and an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of sterols. To assess the effect of this compound on the hepatic transcriptome, RNA-sequencing was carried out in two groups of male New Zealand rabbits fed either a diet enriched with 1% sunflower oil or the same diet with 0.5% squalene for 4 weeks. Hepatic lipids, lipid droplet area, squalene, and sterols were also monitored. The Squalene administration downregulated 9 transcripts and upregulated 13 transcripts. The gene ontology of transcripts fitted into the following main categories: transporter of proteins and sterols, lipid metabolism, lipogenesis, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. When the results were confirmed by RT-qPCR, rabbits receiving squalene displayed significant hepatic expression changes of LOC100344884 (PNPLA3), GCK, TFCP2L1, ASCL1, ACSS2, OST4, FAM91A1, MYH6, LRRC39, LOC108176846, GLT1D1 and TREH. A squalene-enriched diet increased hepatic levels of squalene, lanosterol, dihydrolanosterol, lathosterol, zymostenol and desmosterol. Strong correlations were found among specific sterols and some squalene-changed transcripts. Incubation of the murine AML12 hepatic cell line in the presence of lanosterol, dihydrolanosterol, zymostenol and desmosterol reproduced the observed changes in the expressions of Acss2, Fam91a1 and Pnpla3. In conclusion, these findings indicate that the squalene and post-squalene metabolites play important roles in hepatic transcriptional changes required to protect the liver against malfunction. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

DETERMINACIÓN DE LA SEROPREVALENCIA DE TOXOPLASMOSIS EN ALPACAS Y LLAMAS EN LA ESTACIÓN EXPERIMENTAL INIA-PUNO

Se determinó la seroprevalencia del Toxoplasma gondii en alpacas y llamas de la Estación Experimental del INIA-Puno (Quimsachata), ubicada en la provincia de Lampa, Puno. Se recolectó muestras de sangre de 200 alpacas y 136 llamas, entre hembras y machos en junio del 2000, para la detección de anticuerpos en suero mediante el método de hemoaglutinación indirecta (HAI). El 44.5 ± 6.9% (89/200) de las muestras de alpacas presentó anticuerpos, siendo mayor en hembras (56.0 ± 9.7%) que en machos (33.0 ± 9.2%) (p<0.01). La seroprevalencia aumentó en forma significativa con la edad de los animales (p<0.01). La seroprevalencia hallada en llamas fue de 27.9 + 7.5% sin diferencias entre sexos, pero con prevalencias crecientes de acuerdo al grupo etáreo (p<0.01). Los resultados de este estudio demuestran una seroprevalencia más alta en alpacas que en llamas en la Estación del INIA-Puno. Se encontró que el sexo representa un factor de riesgo de contraer toxoplamosis en alpacas, mas no así en llamas. Además se halló que la variable edad es un factor de riesgo para la infección de Toxoplasma gondii en alpacas y llamas (p<0.01).The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in alpacas and lamas from the experimental station of INIA-Puno (Quimsachata), located in the Lampa province, Puno. For this purpose, 200 alpacas and 136 lamas, both male and female, were sampled in June 2000. Blood serum was collected to detect antibodies by the indirect haemaglutination test (IHA). 44.5 ± 6.9% (89/200) of alpaca samples had antibodies. Seroprevalence found in females (56.0 ± 9.7%) was higher than that in males (33.0 ± 9.2%) (p<0.01). Seroprevalence increased with age (p<0.01). The seroprevalence in lamas was 27.9 + 7.5% without differences between sexes, but increasing with age (p<0.01). The results showed a seroprevalence relatively higher in alpacas than in lamas at the INIA-Puno station. It was found that sex is a risk factor for acquiring toxoplasmosis in alpacas, but not in lamas, and age is a risk factor for the infection with T. gondii for both alpacas and lamas (p<0.01)

Consecutive single-crystal-to-single-crystal isomerization of novel octamolybdate anions within a microporous hybrid framework with robust water sorption properties

The 3D hybrid framework [{Cu(cyclam)}3(kMo8O27)]· 14H2O (1) (cyclam=1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) undergoes sequential single-crystal-to-singlecrystal transformations upon heating to afford two different anhydrous phases (2 a and 3a). These transitions modify the framework dimensionality and enable the isomerization of k-octamolybdate (k-Mo8) anions into λ (2 a) and μ (3 a) forms through metal migration. Hydration of 3 a involves condensation of one water molecule to the cluster to afford the γ-Mo8 isomer in 4, which dehydrates back into 3a through the 6a intermediate. In contrast, 2a reversibly hydrates to form 5, exhibiting the same Mo8 cluster as that of 1. It is remarkable that three of the Mo8 clusters (k, λ and μ) are new and that up to three different microporous phases can be isolated from 1 (2 a, 3a, and 6a). Water vapor sorption analyses show high recyclability and the highest uptake values for POM-based systems. The isotherms display an abrupt step at low humidity level desirable for humidity control devices or water harvesting in drylands.Funded by Eusko Jaurlaritza/Gobierno Vasco (EJ/GV, grants IT1722-22 and KK-2022/00045). E.R.B. thanks EJ/GV for her doctoral fellowship (PRE_2018_1_0143)

Apendicitis aguda y teratoma: ¿causalidad o consecuencia?

La enfermedad ginecológica puede cursar con gran variedad de manifestaciones clínicas. La coexistencia de teratoma y apendicitis aguda supone un porcentaje inusual de enfermedad abdominal en mujeres jóvenes, aunque no de forma exclusiva. Apenas hay revisiones o casos documentados en la literatura, por lo que se desconoce si existe causalidad entre ambas o simplemente es una coincidencia. Exponemos el caso de una paciente joven cuyo síntoma guía fue un dolor abdominal difuso con gran discordancia clinicorradiológica, que precisó intervención quirúrgica y confirmó la presencia de ambas entidades tras el estudio anatomopatológico. Gynaecological disorders can have a wide variety of clinical manifestations. The coexistence of teratoma and acute appendicitis accounts for unusual, but not exclusive, percentage of abdominal pathology in young women. There are virtually no reviews or documented cases in the literature, so it is unknown whether there is causality between the 2 or simply a coincidence. The case is presented of a young patient whose main symptom was diffuse abdominal pain with great clinical and radiological discordance. Surgical intervention was required to confirm the presence of both pathologies after the completion of the histopathology study

Galectin-3 Deletion Reduces LPS and Acute Colitis-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Microglial Activation in the Ventral Mesencephalon

Parkinson’s disease is a highly prevalent neurological disorder for which there is currently no cure. Therefore, the knowledge of risk factors as well as the development of new putative molecular targets is mandatory. In this sense, peripheral inflammation, especially the originated in the colon, is emerging as a predisposing factor for suffering this disease. We have largely studied the pleiotropic roles of galectin-3 in driving microglia-associated immune responses. However, studies aimed at elucidating the role of galectin-3 in peripheral inflammation in terms of microglia polarization are lacking. To achieve this, we have evaluated the effect of galectin-3 deletion in two different models of acute peripheral inflammation: intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide or gut inflammation induced by oral administration of dextran sodium sulfate. We found that under peripheral inflammation the number of microglial cells and the expression levels of pro-inflammatory mediators take place specifically in the dopaminergic system, thus supporting causative links between Parkinson’s disease and peripheral inflammation. Absence of galectin-3 highly reduced neuroinflammation in both models, suggesting an important central regulatory role of galectin-3 in driving microglial activation provoked by the peripheral inflammation. Thus, modulation of galectin-3 function emerges as a promising strategy to minimize undesired microglia polarization states.This work was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (RTI 2018-098830-B-I00), from the Consejería de Economía y Conocimiento of Junta de Andalucía (P18-RT-1372 and US-1264806). MJP, MDVC and PGM were supported by a grant from the Junta de Andalucía (CTS 5884) and AEC by an associated post-doctoral grant