55 research outputs found
Feynman scaling violation on baryon spectra in pp collisions at LHC and cosmic ray energies
A significant asymmetry in baryon/antibaryon yields in the central region of
high energy collisions is observed when the initial state has non-zero baryon
charge. This asymmetry is connected with the possibility of baryon charge
diffusion in rapidity space. Such a diffusion should decrease the baryon charge
in the fragmentation region and translate into the corresponding decrease of
the multiplicity of leading baryons. As a result, a new mechanism for Feynman
scaling violation in the fragmentation region is obtained. Another numerically
more significant reason for the Feynman scaling violation comes from the fact
that the average number of cutted Pomerons increases with initial energy. We
present the quantitative predictions of the Quark-Gluon String Model (QGSM) for
the Feynman scaling violation at LHC energies and at even higher energies that
can be important for cosmic ray physics.Comment: 21 pages, 11 figures, and 1 table. arXiv admin note: substantial text
overlap with arXiv:1107.1615, arXiv:1007.320
Tropospheric ozone in CCMI models and Gaussian process emulation to understand biases in the SOCOLv3 chemistry–climate model
Previous multi-model intercomparisons have shown that chemistry–climate
models exhibit significant biases in tropospheric ozone compared with
observations. We investigate annual-mean tropospheric column ozone in 15
models participating in the SPARC–IGAC (Stratosphere–troposphere Processes
And their Role in Climate–International Global Atmospheric Chemistry)
Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI). These models exhibit a positive
bias, on average, of up to 40 %–50 % in the Northern Hemisphere compared with
observations derived from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument and Microwave Limb
Sounder (OMI/MLS), and a negative bias of up to ∼ 30 % in the Southern
Hemisphere. SOCOLv3.0 (version 3 of the Solar-Climate Ozone Links CCM), which
participated in CCMI, simulates global-mean tropospheric ozone columns of
40.2 DU – approximately 33 % larger than the CCMI multi-model mean. Here we
introduce an updated version of SOCOLv3.0, SOCOLv3.1, which includes an
improved treatment of ozone sink processes, and results in a reduction in the
tropospheric column ozone bias of up to 8 DU, mostly due to the inclusion of
N2O5 hydrolysis on tropospheric aerosols. As a result of these
developments, tropospheric column ozone amounts simulated by SOCOLv3.1 are
comparable with several other CCMI models. We apply Gaussian process
emulation and sensitivity analysis to understand the remaining ozone bias in
SOCOLv3.1. This shows that ozone precursors (nitrogen oxides
(NOx), carbon monoxide, methane and other volatile organic
compounds, VOCs) are responsible for more than 90 % of the variance in tropospheric
ozone. However, it may not be the emissions inventories themselves that
result in the bias, but how the emissions are handled in SOCOLv3.1, and we
discuss this in the wider context of the other CCMI models. Given that the
emissions data set to be used for phase 6 of the Coupled Model
Intercomparison Project includes approximately 20 % more NOx
than the data set used for CCMI, further work is urgently needed to address
the challenges of simulating sub-grid processes of importance to tropospheric
ozone in the current generation of chemistry–climate models.</p
Dendritic cells at the interface of innate and acquired immunity: the role for epigenetic changes
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141166/1/jlb0439.pd
The James Webb Space Telescope
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a large (6.6m), cold (50K),
infrared-optimized space observatory that will be launched early in the next
decade. The observatory will have four instruments: a near-infrared camera, a
near-infrared multi-object spectrograph, and a tunable filter imager will cover
the wavelength range, 0.6 to 5.0 microns, while the mid-infrared instrument
will do both imaging and spectroscopy from 5.0 to 29 microns. The JWST science
goals are divided into four themes. The End of the Dark Ages: First Light and
Reionization theme seeks to identify the first luminous sources to form and to
determine the ionization history of the early universe. The Assembly of
Galaxies theme seeks to determine how galaxies and the dark matter, gas, stars,
metals, morphological structures, and active nuclei within them evolved from
the epoch of reionization to the present day. The Birth of Stars and
Protoplanetary Systems theme seeks to unravel the birth and early evolution of
stars, from infall on to dust-enshrouded protostars to the genesis of planetary
systems. The Planetary Systems and the Origins of Life theme seeks to determine
the physical and chemical properties of planetary systems including our own,
and investigate the potential for the origins of life in those systems. To
enable these observations, JWST consists of a telescope, an instrument package,
a spacecraft and a sunshield. The telescope consists of 18 beryllium segments,
some of which are deployed. The segments will be brought into optical alignment
on-orbit through a process of periodic wavefront sensing and control. The JWST
operations plan is based on that used for previous space observatories, and the
majority of JWST observing time will be allocated to the international
astronomical community through annual peer-reviewed proposal opportunities.Comment: 96 pages, including 48 figures and 15 tables, accepted by Space
Science Review
The James Webb Space Telescope Mission
Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies,
expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling
for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least .
With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000
people realized that vision as the James Webb Space Telescope. A
generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of
the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the
scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000
team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image
quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief
history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing
program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite
detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space
Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figure
Risk Factors for Bradycardia Requiring Pacemaker Implantation in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Astrocyte- and hepatocyte-specific expression of genes from the distal serpin subcluster at 14q32.1 associates with tissue-specific chromatin structures
Comparison of condition metrics and lipid content between Euphausia pacifica and Thysanoessa spinifera in the northern California Current, USA
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