Microbiological quality of some common dairy beverages available in Dhaka University campus of Bangladesh

Dairy beverages are nutritious and also highly susceptible to bacterial contamination posing a threat to human health. In recent years, production and consumption of dairy beverages are rapidly increasing in Bangladesh; however, the presence of bacteria including human pathogens in commonly consumed dairy beverages has not been evaluated before. Here, we focused on microbiological quality of some dairy beverages available in Dhaka University campus. We examined 25 samples from five different items locally named as Lassi, Labang, Borhani, Pistachio nut sherbet, and Strawberry milkshake. Non-selective medium PCA and different selective agar media such as MacConkey, SS, EMB, and TCBS, and Cooked Meat were used for isolation. Antibiotic resistance was assessed by disk diffusion method against Ampicillin, Colistin, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Ceftriaxon, and Gentamycin. In PCA medium, Labang and Strawberry milkshake, respectively, showed the highest (3.6 × 107 CFU/mL) and the lowest (1.76 × 103 CFU/mL) bacterial count. In MacConkey and EMB media, the highest bacterial growths were, respectively, shown by Pistachio nut sherbet (1.22 × 104 CFU/mL) and Lassi (2.96 × 103 CFU/mL) whereas no growth was observed for Borhani. Strawberry milkshake was found with the highest bacterial prevalence such as E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas Bacillus, Micrococcus, and Streptococcus whereas Borhani and Labang contained the lowest variety of bacteria. Isolates such as Shigella, Aeromonas, Micrococcus, Bacillus, Streptococcus, and Proteus were multi-drug resistant to Ampicillin and Colistin. Findings indicated that examined samples contained health risk factor. Findings may help relevant stakeholders to consider food safety issues of dairy beverages during processing, marketing, and consumption

Effect of structural nonlinearity on probabilistic risk assessment of offshore wind turbine including inelastic soil medium

This research intends to evaluate the influence of structural nonlinearity on the seismic risk of an offshore wind turbine with respect to linear analysis. The structural nonlinearity is presented into the structure, as materially nonlinear, by calibrating plastic hinge at the end of the elastic beam-element of the structure. To guarantee ideal circumstance for seismic analysis, this study includes inelastic soil stratum by using an equivalent linear approach. Monte Carlo simulation is performed by means of seismic vulnerability of the structural system. The research presents a study of a large amount of simulation over the nonlinear and linear structures considering the random character of basic variables of soil under selective earthquakes. The earthquakes having different source-to-site (STS) distances ranging from 7 to 145 km have consistency with the soil parameters. This rigorous implementation is done to accomplish site-specific dynamic analysis. Illustrative results obtained from nonlinear and linear dynamic analysis are compared. The overall finding shows that the nonlinear structure produces highest estimated uncertainty compared to the linear structure. Another termination can be addressed that the earthquake with less STS distance (7.29 km) causes the highest level of destruction to the structure

GPS performance assessment of cable-stayed bridge using wavelet transform and Monte-Carlo techniques

Global Positioning System (GPS) is an emerging tool of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) that can be used to help in understanding the nature of dynamic deformation/vibrations and explore the factors affecting the structural damage in three directions. In this study, the GPS geodetic survey techniques has been used on the Incheon Long-Span Cable-Stayed Bridge (ILSCSB) in Korea. Both of the bridge deck and pylon have been monitored using the high-rate (10 Hz) GPS measurements in lateral, longitudinal and vertical directions. The time series analysis has been carried out to evaluate the three-dimensional structural behavior of the bridge in time and frequency domains. The multi-filtering approach, wavelet transform, and Monte Carlo simulation of GPS data have been applied, including the fundamental frequency, the dominating deformation, and energy content of the bridge. The results reveal that the proposed methods based on the GPS-SHM system provide a potential technique for monitoring the dynamic characteristics of bridges with adequate performance. Furthermore, it can help in confirming the safety of a bridge under dynamic loads

Influence of soil-structure interaction on seismic responses of offshore wind turbine considering earthquake incident angle

Displacement response and corresponding maximum response energy of structures are key parameters to assess the dynamic effect or even more destructive structural damage of the structures. By employing them, this research has compared the structural responses of jacket supported offshore wind turbine (OWT) subjected to seismic excitations apprehending earthquake incidence, when (a) soil-structure interaction (SSI) has been ignored and (b) SSI has been considered. The effect of earthquakes under arbitrary angle of excitation on the OWT has been investigated by means of the energy based wavelet transformation method. Displacement based fragility analysis is then utilized to convey the probability of exceedance of the OWT at different soil site conditions. The results show that the uncertainty arises due to multi-component seismic excitations along with the diminution trend of shear wave velocity of soil and it tends to reduce the efficiency of the OWT to stand against the ground motions

Multiple tuned mass damper for multi-mode vibration reduction of offshore wind turbine under seismic excitation

With the wide spreads of the wind energy production industry, the demand for the safe and feasible design of wind turbine structures is growing swiftly. The magnificent deployment of wind turbines in hostile environments with high seismic hazard, has lead engineers to consider more comprehensive way of seismic design, and control technics of a gigantic structure like jacket supported offshore wind turbine (OWT). The current research provides an overview to alleviate the dynamic structural responses of the jacket supported OWT due to the seismic loads associated with static wind and wave loads. Multiple tuned mass damper (MTMD) has been installed at the top and base of the turbine tower corresponding to the mode shapes of the structure. The MTMD parameters have been optimized based on response surface methodology (RSM). The performance of MTMD following the multi-mode control strategy seems to be prominent in suppressing the first two vibrational modes. To evaluate the proposed strategy, frequency response function (FRF), fast Fourier transforms (FFT), peak and lateral displacements of the tower, root mean square (RMS), shear and moment have been investigated through the uncontrolled and controlled structures. In addition, the practicability of the MTMD system is also compared with the single tuned mass damper (STMD)

Prevalence of anemia in diabetes mellitus in South Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

ObjectiveAnemia and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) are amongst major clinical and public health challenges in South Asia that influence the progression of chronic health problems in this population. Despite a growing body of research on these problems, there is a lack synthesized evidence on the burden of anemia among people with DM in this region. This meta-analytic review was conducted to estimate the prevalence of anemia among people with DM in South Asia.MethodsA systematic search of the literature was conducted in five primary databases and additional sources up to July 29, 2022, that reported the prevalence of anemia among DM patients in any of the eight South Asian countries. Observational studies that met pre-determined eligibility criteria according to the protocol registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022348433) were included in this meta-analysis. Random effect models were used to estimate pooled prevalence.ResultsOf the 40 eligible studies, 38 underwent meta-analysis representing 14,194 participants with DM. The pooled prevalence of anemia was 45% (95% CI: 37.0-54.0, I2 = 99.28%, p = 0.00) among diabetic people in South Asia. In sub-group analysis, the pooled prevalence of anemia was higher in females (48%, 95% CI: 37.0-60.0, I2 = 98.86%, p = 0.00) compared to males (39%, 95% CI: 29.0-48.0, I2 = 98.18%, p = 0.00). Diabetic patients with older age (≥ 50 years) reported higher pooled estimates of anemia (48%, 95% CI: 38.0-58.0, I2 = 99.07%) than younger age group (ConclusionHigh pooled estimates of anemia among diabetic patients in South Asia, including publication bias, warrants further clinical and public health research following standard research methods to understand the more context-specific epidemiological insights and evidence

Correction: Prevalence of anemia in diabetes mellitus in South Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285336.]