Cartographie Des Zones À Risque D’incendies De Forêts À L'aide Du SIG Et La Télédétection Dans L'arrière-Pays Du Port Tanger Med

Moroccan natural environments, in recent decades, have undergone considerable degradation which is related primarily to the development of populations and the pressure they have exerted on natural resources. One aspect of this degradation is forest fire that has accelerated alarmingly. The study area belongs to the forest area of Tangier which covers an area of 42.000ha. The latter is known for its sensitivity to heat, especially because of the nature of the vegetation cover, weather conditions (frequent and strong wind), and high population density. The present work aims to prioritize the plot study area according to the degree of fire risk of forests using the model established by Dagorne Y. Duche in 1994. To achieve this goal, the application of GIS and Remote Sensing is required to develop a fire risk map in the hinterland of Tangier Mediterranean port

New observations indicate the possible presence of permafrost in North Africa (Djebel Toubkal, High Atlas, Morocco)

Relict and present-day periglacial features have been reported in the literature for the upper reaches of the High Atlas mountains, which is the highest range in North Africa (Djebel Toubkal – 4167 m a.s.l.). A lobate feature in the Irhzer Ikhibi south at 3800 m a.s.l. has been previously interpreted as an active rock glacier, but no measurements of ground or air temperatures are known to exist for the area. In order to assess the possible presence of permafrost, we analyse data from June 2015 to June 2016 from two air temperature measurement sites at 2370 and 3210 m a.s.l. and from four ground surface temperature (GST) sites at 3220, 3815, 3980 and 4160 m a.s.l. to characterize conditions along an altitudinal gradient along the Oued Ihghyghaye valley to the summit of the Djebel Toubkal. GSTs were collected at 1 h intervals, and the presence of snow cover at the monitoring sites was validated using Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 imagery. Two field visits allowed for logger installation and collection and for assessing the geomorphological features in the area. The results show that snow plays a major role on the thermal regime of the shallow ground, inducing important spatial variability. The lowest site at 3220 m had a thermal regime characterized by frequent freeze–thaw cycles during the cold season but with few days of snow. When snow settled, the ground surface remained isothermal at 0 ◦C , indicating the absence of permafrost. The highest sites at 3980 and 4160 m a.s.l. showed very frequent freeze–thaw cycles and a small influence of the snow cover on GST, reflecting the lack of snow accumulation due to the wind-exposed settings on a ridge and on the summit plateau. The site located at 3815 m in the Irhzer Ikhibi south valley had a cold, stable thermal regime with GST varying from −4.5 to −6 ◦C from December to March, under a continuous snow cover. The site’s location in a concave setting favours wind-driven snow accumulation and lower incoming solar radiation due to the shading effect of a ridge, inducing the conservation of a thick snow pack. The stable and low GSTs are interpreted as a strong indicator of the probable presence of permafrost at this site, which is an interpretation supported by the presence of lobate and arcuate features in the talus deposits. We present first results and further observations using geophysics, and borehole measurements are foreseen. This is the first time that probable permafrost has been reported from temperature observations in the mountains of North Africa.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Approche SIG Pour La Modélisation Du Réseau Routier Et La Mesure De L’accessibilité Aux Équipements Publics. Cas De La Ville d’Agadir

The study of road networks and accessibility to public facilities in Morocco doesn’t receive enough importance in regional planning. Most of the work carried out in the field is limited to diagnosis, relying on traditional tools of analysis and description. The goal of this article is to propose a thorough analysis of public facilities accessibility using isochronous maps, which will not only make it possible to evaluate the quality of urban transport system, but also guarantee the equity of the geographical distribution of public services. The study area is the urban commune of Agadir city on Morocco’s southwest coast. The approach used for this purpose is based on urban road network modeling, travel time calculations and geographic information software (GIS). Therefore, a Geographical Information System dedicated to Transport (GIST) was built, supplied with structured data in a geodatabase, and analyzed by using ArcGIS Network Analyst extension. The results demonstrate that Access to public facilities in the city of Agadir differs in quality according to districts and the types of services. However, the most remote marginal areas remain the most affected areas, both in terms of equipment distribution. the availability of transport infrastructure, or the quality of service in urban public transport

Assessing soil erosion and control factors by the radiometric technique in the Boussouab catchment, Eastern Rif, Morocco

The final version is available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03418162In the Eastern Rif of N Morocco, soil conservation is seriously threatened by water erosion. Large areas of soil have reached an irreversible state of degradation. In this study, the 137Cs technique was used to quantify erosion rates and identify the main factors involved in the erosion process based on a representative catchment of the Eastern Rif. To estimate erosion rates in terms of the main factors affecting soil losses, samples were collected taking into account the lithology, slope and land use along six selected transects within the Boussouab catchment. The transects were representative of the main land uses and physiographic characteristics of that Rif sector. The reference inventory for the area was established at a stable, well preserved, matorral site (value of 4250 Bq m-2). All the sampling sites were eroded and 137Cs inventories varied widely (between 245 and 3670 Bq m-2). The effective soil losses were also highly variable (between 5.1 and 48.8 t ha-1 yr-1). Soil losses varied with land use. The lowest average values were on matorral and fallow land (10.5 and 15.2 t ha-1 yr-1, respectively) but much higher with alfa vegetation or cereal crops (31.6 and 27.3 t ha-1 yr-1, respectively). The highest erosion rate was on a badland transect at the more eroded part of the catchment, with rates exceeding 40 t ha-1 yr-1 and reaching a maximum of 48.8 t ha-1 yr-1.The average soil losses increased by more than 100 % when the slope increased from 10º (17.7 t ha-1 yr-1) to 25º (40. 8 t ha-1 yr-1). Similar results were obtained when comparing erosion rates in soils that were covered by matorral with respect to those under cultivation. Lithology was also a key factor affecting soil loss. Soils on marls were more erodible and the average erosion rates reached 29.36 t ha-1 yr-1, which was twice as high as soils on the glacis and old fluvial terraces (average rates of 14.98 t ha-1 yr-1 ). The radiometric approach was very useful to quantify erosion rates and to examine the pattern of soil movement. The analysis of main erosion factors can help to promote rational soil use and establish conservation strategies in the study area.This work was funded by the bilateral projects 2004MA-1005 and 18304-RM from the Agencia de Cooperación Interuniversitaria and the CICYT projects RADIERO (REN2002-02702/GLO) and REM (CGL2005-02009/BTE).Peer reviewe

Mapping the Land Use / Land Cover Changes in the Basalt Area between 1990 and 2005 Using Remote Sensing and GIS

Landsat TM data in combination with the appropriate multispectral bands were used to investigate land cover changes for the periods of 1990–2000 and 2000–2005 in Amman -Zarqa Basin, North East of Jordan. The results indicate that urban areas increased from 21.2 km2 in 1990 to 37.1 km2 in 2005 and that the agricultural areas expanded from 40.2 km2 in 1990 to 57.4 km2 in 2005. Also, the surface water bodies' areas increased from 1.7 km2 to 1.9 km2 over the same period. In contrast, the bare soil and basalt rock outcrops decreased from 761.2 km2 to 727.9 km2 in the same time. The rate of urban changes between 1990 and 2005 was calculated. It is indicated in this research that the rate of urban growth was 0.96 km2 / year from 1990 to 2000 and 1.26 km2 / year from 2000 to 2005. Despite the fact that the cultivation and urbanization caused significant changes in the study area, there are other factors controlling land cover changes including industrial and agricultural development, livestock and cattle farms

Face mask detection using deep learning on NVIDIA Jetson Nano

In December 2019, the coronavirus pandemic started. Coronavirus desease-19 (COVID-19) is transmitted directly from contaminated surfaces via direct touch. To combat the virus, a multitude of equipment is needed. Masks are a vital element of personal protection in crowded places. As a result, determining if a person is wearing a face mask is critical to assimilating to contemporary society. To accomplish the objective, the model presented in this paper used deep learning libraries and OpenCV. This approach was chosen for safety concerns due to its high resource efficiency during deployment. The classifier was built using the MobileNetV2 structure, which was designed to be lightweight and capable of being utilized in embedded devices such as the NVIDIA Jetson Nano to do real-time mask recognition. The stages of model construction were collecting, pre-processing, splitting data, creating the model, training the model, and applying the model. This system utilized image processing techniques and deep learning to process a live video feed. When someone is not wearing a mask, the output eventually produces an alarm sound through a built-in buzzer. Experimental results and testing were used to verify the suggested system's performance. Including both training and testing, the achieved recognition rate was 99%

The diabetes-obesity-hypertension nexus in Qatar: evidence from the World Health Survey

Background: As countries develop economically, an “epidemiological transition” occurs whereby a set of chronic diseases increasingly becomes a country’s health challenge. Against this background, this paper examines the most common conditions associated with the prevalence of diabetes in Qatar, with a specific focus on the diabetes-obesity-hypertension nexus. Methods: We analyzed data from the World Health Organization’s World Health Survey conducted in the State of Qatar in 2006. The survey included demographic, anthropometric, and blood chemistry measurements. Using multivariate logistical regression analysis, we assessed the most common conditions associated with diabetes, using both objective and subjective measures of diabetes. The objective measures relied on random blood sugar tests, and the subjective measure included respondents who affirmatively answered the question on diabetes diagnosis. We repeated our analysis on respondents who had blood glucose levels high enough to be considered diabetic/glucose intolerant but did not answer affirmatively on the question of diabetes diagnosis. Results: When using the objective measure of diabetes, the following conditions appeared significant: obesity (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.2 – 1.9), higher income (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.0 – 1.9), high cholesterol (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.0 – 1.9), having Qatari origin (OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.0 – 1.7), and increasing systolic blood pressure (SBP) 120–139 mmHg (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.2 – 2.0), SBP 140–159 mmHg (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.6 – 3.1), SBP > 160 mmHg (OR = 3.2, 95% CI = 2.0 – 5.3). Similar results were obtained using the subjective measure of diabetes as a dependent variable. When applied to the group of respondents that included pre-diabetics and those who did not know they were diabetic, obesity and hypertension appeared as the only statistically significant explanatory variables. Conclusion: High prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and especially obesity is documented among residents of Qatar. Further steps are required to tackle the most common conditions associated with the rising diabetes epidemic in the country, which might also pose significant fiscal challenges in the future

Etude de la dynamique du trait de côte entre ksser Sghir et plage dalya (Nord du Maroc): Utilisation de l’outil « Digital Shoreline Analysis System»

L’érosion et l’accrétion sont les plus importants facteurs qui ont une influence sur les movements de la plupart des côtes.Cette étude a pour objectif d’analyser le rôle de l’érosion et de l’accrétion dans les changements du littoral entre la ville de ksser Sghir et la plage de Dalya (Nord du Maroc); avant et après la construction du grand port d’Afrique : ports méditerranéens.L’analyse du changement du littoral a été effectuée à l’aide de l’extension DSAS : DigiItal Shoreline Analysis System, après avoir constitué une compilation de données issues des images Landsat de 1984,2002 et 2017.L’étude a été faite sur deux périodes : la première période de 1984 à 2002 et la deuxième entre 2002 et 2017, afin de comparer ses résultats

Utilisation Des Indices De Qualité Et De Pollution Organique Dans L’évaluation De La Qualité PhysicoChimique Des Eaux Superficielles Des Oueds Moulouya et Ansegmir (Haute Moulouya, NE Du Maroc)

Surface water is subject to strong anthropogenic pressures caused by the development and extension of agricultural activities and also by industrial and domestic activities. Pollution is a serious problem for the environment due to discharges dumped into rivers and excessive use of agricultural fertilizers and discharges from urban and industrial sources. The objective of this study is to assess the quality and state of organic pollution in surface water in Upper Moulouya based on the water quality index (WQI) and the organic pollution index (IPO) during three sampling campaigns carried out between March and August of 2014. Ten stations were studied along the Moulouya and Ansegmir wadis up to the Hassan II dam. The results are visualized through the use of GIS through the production of thematic maps. They revealed that the majority of stations indicate excellent water quality and show no organic pollution with the exception of Boumia (M5) and Zaida (M6) stations which respectively have poor quality water and low pollution. at Boumia and non-drinking water with strong organic pollution at Zaida. This anthropogenic environmental degradation recorded downstream of the two urban communes would come from the use of nitrogen and phosphate agricultural fertilizers and above all from the discharge of untreated domestic and industrial wastewater from these two communes. The seasonal variation remains discreet and reflects a slight tendency towards degradation of the waters of the Upper Moulouya during the low waters of the summer period Les eaux superficielles sont soumises à de fortes pressions anthropiques suscitées par le développement et l’extension des activités agricoles et également par les activités industrielles et domestiques. La pollution est un grand problème pour l’environnement en raison des rejets déversés dans les rivières et de l’utilisation excessive des fertilisants agricoles et des rejets d’origine urbaine et industrielle. L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer la qualité et l'état de la pollution organique des eaux superficielles la Haut Moulouya en se basant sur l’indice de qualité de l’eau (IQE) et l’indice de pollution organique (IPO) durant trois campagnes de prélèvement effectuées  entre les mois de mars et août de l’année 2014. Dix stations ont été étudiées le entre les mois de mars et août de l’année 2014. Dix stations ont été étudiées le long des oueds Moulouya et Ansegmir jusqu’à l’amont du barrage Hassan II. Les résultats sont visualisés par l’utilisation des SIG via la réalisation de cartes thématiques. Ils ont révélé que la majorité des stations indiquent une excellente qualité d’eau et ne présentent aucune pollution organique à l’exception des stations de Boumia (M5) et de Zaida (M6) qui présentent respectivement des eaux de mauvaise qualité et une faible pollution au niveau de Boumia et des eaux non potables avec forte pollution organique au niveau de Zaida. Cette dégradation environnementale anthropique enregistrée en aval des deux communes urbaines proviendrait de l’utilisation d'engrais agricoles azotés et phosphatés et surtout des rejets d’eaux usées domestiques et industrielles non traitées de ces deux communes. La variation saisonnière reste discrète et traduit une légère tendance à la dégradation des eaux de la Haute Moulouya pendant les basses eaux de la période estivale

Ecotourism Intention in Jordan: The Role of Ecotourism Attitude, Ecotourism Interest, and Destination Image

The goal of this research was to check the impact of eco-tourism attitude, eco-tourism interest, and destination image on eco-intention. The sample size of this study was 309, gathered using convenience sampling. The data collection instrument was developed using five-point Likert scale. The data was analyzed by using PLS-SEM. The findings of data analysis showed that the ecotourism attitude was positively affecting the ecotourism interest. However, ecotourism attitude was not significantly affecting the ecotourism intention. The ecotourism interest was positively affecting the ecotourism intention. The destination image was also significantly affecting ecotourism intention. Ecotourism service operators may work with tourism community members for creating projects targeting domestic people and provide them with learning experiences regarding nature, ecological and cultural heritage protection attempts and initiatives, and how ecotourism will support such efforts and initiatives and conserve them