Metodologías participativas y reconocimiento directo para iniciar el proceso de restauración ecológica del Resguardo Indígena de Chiles.

El presente documento es el resultado del análisis y organización de la información recopilada entre Octubre y Diciembre de 2007 en el Páramo de Chiles. Mediante metodologías participativas y reconocimiento directo del área de estudio se obtuvieron datos importantes para iniciar el proceso de restauración ecológica del Resguardo Indígena de Chiles, estos datos se pueden organizar en cuatro grandes temas:Bogot

Seeing the wood despite the trees: Exploring human disturbance impact on plant diversity, community structure, and standing biomass in fragmented high Andean forests

High Andean forests harbor a remarkably high biodiversity and play a key role in providing vital ecosystem services for neighboring cities and settlements. However, they are among the most fragmented and threatened ecosystems in the neotropics. To preserve their unique biodiversity, a deeper understanding of the effects of anthropogenic perturbations on them is urgently needed. Here, we characterized the plant communities of high Andean forest remnants in the hinterland of Bogota in 32 0.04 ha plots. We assessed the woody vegetation and sampled the understory and epiphytic cover. We gathered data on compositional and structural parameters and compiled a broad array of variables related to anthropogenic disturbance, ranging from local to landscape-wide metrics. We also assessed phylogenetic diversity and functional diversity. We employed nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) to select meaningful variables in a first step of the analysis. Then, we performed partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) and generalized linear models (GLMs) in order to test how selected environmental and anthropogenic variables are affecting the composition, diversity, and aboveground biomass of these forests. Identified woody vegetation and understory layer communities were characterized by differences in elevation, temperature, and relative humidity, but were also related to different levels of human influence. We found that the increase of human-related disturbance resulted in less phylogenetic diversity and in the phylogenetic clustering of the woody vegetation and in lower aboveground biomass (AGB) values. As to the understory, disturbance was associated with a higher diversity, jointly with a higher phylogenetic dispersion. The most relevant disturbance predictors identified here were as follows: edge effect, proximity of cattle, minimum fragment age, and median patch size. Interestingly, AGB was efficiently predicted by the proportion of late successional species. We therefore recommend the use of AGB and abundance of late successional species as indicators of human disturbance on high Andean forests

Modelling the potential distribution of the genus Polylepis occurring in Colombia with conservation considerations

En Colombia, el género Polylepis está representado por P. quadrijuga, P. sericea y P. incana. La modelización de la distribución geográfica potencial permite identificar áreas relevantes para conservar especies focales. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron establecer las áreas de distribución potencial de las tres especies e identificar oportunidades de conservación en áreas protegidas a escala nacional, regional y local. Para esto, se recopilaron 223 registros biológicos (GBIF y SIB Colombia) que, junto con 23 variables ambientales, fueron los insumos para modelizar la distribución potencial en MaxEnt 3.3.3K. Como oportunidades de conservación, se cuantificó la presencia de reservas del SINAP-Colombia en las áreas de distribución potencial de las especies. Las variables que más contribuyen en los modelos son altitud, temperatura estacional y rango de temperatura media mensual, entre otras. P. sericea presentó el área de distribución potencial más amplia, con 23243.5 km² en las tres cordilleras; le siguieron P. quadrijuga, con 6264.2 km² en la Cordillera Oriental y P. incana, con 1772.8 km² en la Cordillera Central y la frontera con Ecuador. Una parte de dichas distribuciones potenciales se encuentra en, al menos, un tipo de área protegida. P. incana tiene 59.5% del área de distribución potencial dentro de alguna figura de protección, P. quadrijuga presenta 44.8% de área potencial de distribución ubicada dentro de cualquier figura de protección y P. sericea, al tener una mayor superficie potencial a partir de la modelización, posee un porcentaje más bajo de representatividad (33.7%) en áreas protegidas del SINAP. Finalmente, a partir del análisis de amenazas y oportunidades se proponen áreas clave para la conservación de Polylepis y zonas para la búsqueda de posibles poblaciones no reportadas.The genus Polylepis in Colombia is represented by P. quadrijuga, P. sericea and P. incana. The modeling of the potential geographic distribution allows identifying areas of importance for the conservation of focal species. The objectives of this work were to establish the potential distribution areas of the three species and identify conservation opportunities in protected areas at national, regional and local levels. For this, 223 biological records were compiled (mainly from GBIF and SIB Colombia), which, together with 23 environmental variables, were the inputs for the modeling of the potential distribution in MaxEnt 3.3.3K. As conservation opportunities, the presence of reserves of SINAP-Colombia in the areas of potential distribution of the species was quantified. The variables that contribute most in the models are altitude, seasonal temperature and monthly average temperature range, among others. P. sericea showed the largest potential distribution area, with 23243.5 km² in the three mountain ranges, followed by P. quadrijuga, with 6264.2 km² in the Eastern Cordillera, and P. incana, with 1772.8 km² in the Central Mountain Range and the border with Ecuador. A part of said potential distributions are found in, at least, one type of protected area. P. incana has 59.5% of the potential distribution area within some protection figure, followed by P. quadrijuga, with 44.8% potential distribution area located within any protection figure, and P. sericea, which, having a larger area potential result of the modeling, showed a lower percentage (33.7%) of representativeness in protected areas of SINAP. Finally, from the analysis of threats and opportunities, key areas for the conservation of Polylepis and zones for the search of possible non-reported populations are proposed

Evaluación del estado de los objetos de conservación: identificación y caracterización de especies objeto de conservación en la ventana Boyacá.

La Fundación Natura realizó una evaluación del estado de las especies objeto de conservación-OdC para plantear lineamientos de manejo para dichas especies en el área operativa de Ecopetrol ventana Boyacá.BogotáPlaneación ambiental para la conservación de la biodiversidad en las áreas operativas de Ecopetro

Planeación ambiental para la conservación de la biodiversidad en las Áreas operativas de Ecopetrol, evaluación del estado de los objetos de conservación: identificación y caracterización de Especies objeto de conservación en la ventana de Boyacá

El Parque Natural Municipal Ranchería fue declarado por el concejo municipal de Paipa mediante el Acuerdo Nº 34 de diciembre 14 de 2004, y se encuentra totalmente inserto dentro de la Reserva Forestal del Municipio de Paipa (Acuerdo Nº9/1996). Esta Reserva comprende una superficie de 2.881 ha en un rango altitudinal que va de los 2.800 a los 3.400 msnm, aunque por encima de los 3.000 msnm el área se cataloga como 'Zona Forestal Protectora' y por debajo de esta cota como 'Área Forestal Protectora - Productora' (Vásquez y Serrano 2009).Bogot

Universidad y sociedad. Extensión del conocimiento

Este libro hace un análisis de la educación y propone migrar de una institución educativa a una organización de extensión del conocimiento (Mejía, 2011) toma más fuerza cada día, ya que obtiene una participación más activa en su actuar, y no solo se circunscribe a mejorar la gestión de las áreas funcionales de mercadeo, docencia, investigación, extensión, financiera, tecnología y administración (Gutiérrez, 2011), también cuenta con una visión más sistémica para conseguir la felicidad social y de las personas que conforman la organización educativa

Childhood acute leukemias are frequent in Mexico City: descriptive epidemiology

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Worldwide, acute leukemia is the most common type of childhood cancer. It is particularly common in the Hispanic populations residing in the United States, Costa Rica, and Mexico City. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of acute leukemia in children who were diagnosed and treated in public hospitals in Mexico City.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Included in this study were those children, under 15 years of age and residents of Mexico City, who were diagnosed in 2006 and 2007 with leukemia, as determined by using the International Classification of Childhood Cancer. The average annual incidence rates (AAIR), and the standardized average annual incidence rates (SAAIR) per million children were calculated. We calculated crude, age- and sex-specific incidence rates and adjusted for age by the direct method with the world population as standard. We determined if there were a correlation between the incidence of acute leukemias in the various boroughs of Mexico City and either the number of agricultural hectares, the average number of persons per household, or the municipal human development index for Mexico (used as a reference of socio-economic level).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Although a total of 610 new cases of leukemia were registered during 2006-2007, only 228 fit the criteria for inclusion in this study. The overall SAAIR was 57.6 per million children (95% CI, 46.9-68.3); acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was the most frequent type of leukemia, constituting 85.1% of the cases (SAAIR: 49.5 per million), followed by acute myeloblastic leukemia at 12.3% (SAAIR: 6.9 per million), and chronic myeloid leukemia at 1.7% (SAAIR: 0.9 per million). The 1-4 years age group had the highest SAAIR for ALL (77.7 per million). For cases of ALL, 73.2% had precursor B-cell immunophenotype (SAAIR: 35.8 per million) and 12.4% had T-cell immunophenotype (SAAIR 6.3 per million). The peak ages for ALL were 2-6 years and 8-10 years. More than half the children (58.8%) were classified as high risk. There was a positive correlation between the average number of persons per household and the incidence of the pre-B immunophenotype (Pearson's r, 0.789; P = 0.02).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The frequency of ALL in Mexico City is among the highest in the world, similar to those found for Hispanics in the United States and in Costa Rica.</p

Impact of operatoŕs experience on peri-procedural outcomes with Watchman FLX: Insights from the FLX-SPA registry

Background: The Watchman FLX is a device upgrade of the Watchman 2.5 that incorporates several design enhancements intended to simplify left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) and improve procedural outcomes. This study compares peri-procedural results of LAAO with Watchman FLX (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, Massachusetts) in centers with varying degrees of experience with the Watchman 2.5 and Watchman FLX. Methods: Prospective, multicenter, 'real-world' registry including consecutive patients undergoing LAAO with the Watchman FLX at 26 Spanish sites (FLX-SPA registry). Implanting centers were classified according to the center's prior experience with the Watchman 2.5. A further division of centers according to whether or not they had performed ≤ 10 or > 10Watchman FLX implants was prespecified at the beginning of the study. Procedural outcomes of institutions stratified according to their experience with the Watchman 2.5 and FLX devices were compared. Results: 359 patients [mean age 75.5 (SD8.1), CHA2DS2-VASc 4.4 (SD1.4), HAS-BLED 3.8(SD0.9)] were included. Global success rate was 98.6%, successful LAAO with the first selected device size was achieved in 95.5% patients and the device was implanted at first attempt in 78.6% cases. There were only 9(2.5%) major peri-procedural complications. No differences in efficacy or safety results according to the centeŕs previous experience with Watchman 2.5 and procedural volume with Watchman FLX existed. Conclusions: The Watchman FLX attains high procedural success rates with complete LAA sealing in unselected, real-world patients, along with a low incidence of peri-procedural complications, regardless of operatoŕs experience with its previous device iteration or the number of Watchman FLX devices implanted

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio