Heißwasserextrahierbarer Kohlenstoff und Bodenatmung als Parameter zur Abschätzung der potentiellen Kohlenstofffreisetzung aus organischen Böden

Durch Ihre hohen Gehalte an Kohlenstoff (C) und organischer Bodensubstanz (OBS) und besitzen Moorböden eine herausragende Rolle im globalen Kohlenstoffkreislauf. Bei unsachgemäßer Nutzung setzen diese organischen Böden besonders hohe Mengen an C, z.B in Form von CO2 frei. Der labile und aktive Anteil der OBS, der potentiell besonders leicht freigesetzt werden kann, lässt sich allgemein mit dem Parameter heißwasserextrahierbarer Kohlenstoff (Chwe) abschätzen, da diese Fraktion große Mengen leicht umsetzbarer Bestandteile wie etwa hohe Anteile an mikrobieller Biomasse, Einfachzucker oder Ligninmonomere enthält. Bis jetzt ist aber unklar, wie gut sich dieser Parameter zur Ableitung der potentiellen C-Freisetzung aus Moorböden eignet. Für verschiedene Mineralböden konnten bereits enge Korrelationen zwischen dem Chwe und der jeweiligen Bodentamung aufgezeigt werden. Studien zur Beziehung der CO2-Freisetzung und dem Parameter Chwe speziell für organische Böden fehlen bisher. Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war es deshalb, diese möglichen Korrelationen für organische Böden zu untersuchen. Dazu wurde der Chwe an über 50 unterschiedlichen Moorbodensubstraten ermittelt. Hier wurde eine Extraktionsmethode angewandt, welche speziell an die hohen Anteile an OBS angepasst wurde. Daneben wurde die jeweilige Bodenatmung mittels Inkubationsversuchen im Labor gemessen und mit dem Gehalt an Chwe verglichen. Die bisherigen Ergebnisse zeigen mittlere bis hohe Korrelationen zwischen der Bodenatmung und dem Chwe, so dass davon auszugehen ist, dass der Chwe zur Abschätzung einer potentiellen C-Freisetzung auch für organische Böden herangezogen werden kann, um damit die Empfindlichkeit gegenüber Kohlenstoffverlusten beschreiben zu können. Die gewonnenen Daten sollten allerdings durch zusätzliche Untersuchungen, vor allem an bisher nicht genügend berücksichtigten Moorbodensubstraten, weiter überprüft werden

Evaluation of genotypic and phenotypic methods for differentiation of the members of the Anginosus group streptococci

The terminology and classification of the Anginosus group streptococci has been inconsistent. We tested the utility of 16S rRNA gene and tuf gene sequencing and conventional biochemical tests for the reliable differentiation of the Anginosus group streptococci. Biochemical testing included Rapid ID 32 Strep, API Strep, Fluo-Card Milleri, Wee-tabs, and Lancefield antigen typing. Altogether, 61 Anginosus group isolates from skin and soft tissue infections and four reference strains were included. Our results showed a good agreement between 16S rRNA gene and tuf gene sequencing. Using the full sequence was less discriminatory than using the first part of the 16S rRNA gene. The three species could not be separated with the API 20 Strep test. Streptococcus intermedius could be differentiated from the other two species by β-galactosidase (ONPG) and β-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase reactions. Rapid ID 32 Strep β-glucosidase reaction was useful in separating S. anginosus strains from S. constellatus. In conclusion, both 16S rRNA gene and tuf gene sequencing can be used for the reliable identification of the Anginosus group streptococci. S. intermedius can be readily differentiated from the other two species by phenotypic tests; however, 16S rRNA gene or tuf gene sequencing may be needed for separating some strains of S. constellatus from S. anginosus

Towards Control of Streptococcus iniae

Recently identified virulence factors can lead to new approaches, such as vaccination programs at fish farms

Effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine for preschool-age children with chronic disease.

To estimate the effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, we serotyped isolates submitted to the Pneumococcal Sentinel Surveillance System from 1984 to 1996 from 48 vaccinated and 125 unvaccinated children 2 to 5 years of age. Effectiveness against invasive disease caused by serotypes included in the vaccine was 63%. Effectiveness against serotypes in the polysaccharide vaccine but not in a proposed seven-valent protein conjugate vaccine was 94%

Deep neck infection complicating lymphadenitis caused by Streptococcus intermedius in an immunocompetent child

BACKGROUND: Streptococcus intermedius belongs to the Streptococcus anginosus group. It is part of the normal flora of the human mouth, but it can be etiologically associated with deep-site infections. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of deep neck infection complicating Streptococcus intermedius lymphadenitis, which developed in an immunocompetent 14-year-old boy with a history of recent dental work. The infection was ultimately eradicated by a combined medical and surgical approach. CONCLUSION: Our report suggests that combined medical and surgical therapy is essential for the complete resolution of deep infections caused by Streptococcus intermedius. Molecular biological techniques can be useful in guiding the diagnostic investigation and providing insight into the possibility of occult abscesses, which are particularly common with Streptococcus intermedius infections

Contribution of Streptococcus anginosus to Infections Caused by Groups C and G Streptococci, Southern India

This neglected pathogen causes a large portion of these infections

Monophasic synovial sarcoma presenting as a primary ileal mass: a case report and review of the literature

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Synovial sarcoma is a rare malignant mesenchymal tumor mainly arising in the peri-articular tissue in young adults. There are few cases reported in other areas.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We report the case of a 29-year-old Saudi woman of Arabian ethnicity with synovial sarcoma arising primarily from the ileum who presented with abdominal pain, a palpable mass and incomplete intestinal obstruction. A literature review was performed to gather information on this rare gastrointestinal tract sarcoma.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Although it is a rare tumor of the pre-articular tissues, synovial sarcoma can present, in exceedingly rare cases, in unusual anatomical sites such as the gastrointestinal tract. We believe the reporting of all rare or unexpected presentations of sarcoma will eventually improve our understanding of this relatively unusual malignancy.</p