106 research outputs found

    DĂ©tecter le potentiel d'ambiguĂŻtĂ© d'une requĂȘte - le cas des recherches portant sur l'actualitĂ©

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    International audienceL'objectif du travail que nous prĂ©sentons ici est d'examiner la notion d'ambigĂŒitĂ© Ă  travers l'Ă©tude des requĂȘtes produites dans un systĂšme de RI, le site 2424actu.fr d'Orange, opĂ©rationnel du 1/10/2009 au 1/09/2011. Celui-ci vise le traitement d'une base de documents relatifs Ă  l'actualitĂ© française, domaine particuliĂšrement mouvant et par consĂ©quent propice Ă  l'examen de la question de l'ambiguĂŻtĂ©. Nous cherchons Ă  dĂ©terminer la nature de l'ambiguĂŻtĂ© des requĂȘtes en examinant les logs de requĂȘtes disponibles et en les confrontant Ă  diffĂ©rents indices contextuels qui enrichissent la perception de la variabilitĂ© sĂ©mantique des termes de la requĂȘte

    Hoatzin nestling locomotion : acquisition of quadrupedal limb coordination in birds

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    The evolution of flight in birds involves (i) decoupling of the primitive mode of quadrupedal locomotor coordination, with a new synchronized flapping motion of the wings while conserving alternating leg movements, and (ii) reduction of wing digits and loss of functional claws. Our observations show that hoatzin nestlings move with alternated walking coordination of the four limbs using the mobile claws on their wings to anchor themselves to the substrate. When swimming, hoatzin nestlings use a coordinated motion of the four limbs involving synchronous or alternated movements of the wings, indicating a versatile motor pattern. Last, the proportions of claws and phalanges in juvenile hoatzin are radically divergent from those in adults, yet strikingly similar to those of Archaeopteryx. The locomotor plasticity observed in the hoatzin suggests that transitional forms that retained claws on the wings could have also used them for locomotion

    Peri-operative red blood cell transfusion in neonates and infants: NEonate and Children audiT of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe: A prospective European multicentre observational study

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    BACKGROUND: Little is known about current clinical practice concerning peri-operative red blood cell transfusion in neonates and small infants. Guidelines suggest transfusions based on haemoglobin thresholds ranging from 8.5 to 12 g dl-1, distinguishing between children from birth to day 7 (week 1), from day 8 to day 14 (week 2) or from day 15 (≄week 3) onwards. OBJECTIVE: To observe peri-operative red blood cell transfusion practice according to guidelines in relation to patient outcome. DESIGN: A multicentre observational study. SETTING: The NEonate-Children sTudy of Anaesthesia pRactice IN Europe (NECTARINE) trial recruited patients up to 60 weeks' postmenstrual age undergoing anaesthesia for surgical or diagnostic procedures from 165 centres in 31 European countries between March 2016 and January 2017. PATIENTS: The data included 5609 patients undergoing 6542 procedures. Inclusion criteria was a peri-operative red blood cell transfusion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary endpoint was the haemoglobin level triggering a transfusion for neonates in week 1, week 2 and week 3. Secondary endpoints were transfusion volumes, 'delta haemoglobin' (preprocedure - transfusion-triggering) and 30-day and 90-day morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: Peri-operative red blood cell transfusions were recorded during 447 procedures (6.9%). The median haemoglobin levels triggering a transfusion were 9.6 [IQR 8.7 to 10.9] g dl-1 for neonates in week 1, 9.6 [7.7 to 10.4] g dl-1 in week 2 and 8.0 [7.3 to 9.0] g dl-1 in week 3. The median transfusion volume was 17.1 [11.1 to 26.4] ml kg-1 with a median delta haemoglobin of 1.8 [0.0 to 3.6] g dl-1. Thirty-day morbidity was 47.8% with an overall mortality of 11.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate lower transfusion-triggering haemoglobin thresholds in clinical practice than suggested by current guidelines. The high morbidity and mortality of this NECTARINE sub-cohort calls for investigative action and evidence-based guidelines addressing peri-operative red blood cell transfusions strategies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT02350348

    COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

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    Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≀ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≄ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

    Modification covalente de surfaces de silicium par des monocouches organiques -fonctionnalisées

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    Le greffage covalent de monocouches organiques denses et organisĂ©es Ă  la surface du silicium, a montrĂ© un intĂ©rĂȘt croissant. La rĂ©action d hydrosilylation permet d obtenir des interfaces silicium molĂ©cule possĂ©dant les meilleures propriĂ©tĂ©s Ă©lectroniques. Une premiĂšre partie des travaux s est donc orientĂ©e vers la fonctionnalisation du silicium par un groupement possĂ©dant une signature Ă©lectrochimique. Ensuite, nous avons diluĂ© ce centre rĂ©dox avec des chaĂźnes inertes, afin de moduler les propriĂ©tĂ©s Ă©lectroniques de ces monocouches. Dans un deuxiĂšme temps, nous nous sommes intĂ©ressĂ©s Ă  l incorporation de nanotubes de carbone Ă  parois multiples pour des applications en Ă©lectronique, optoĂ©lectronique ou en tant que biocapteur. Plusieurs techniques d analyse de surfaces ont permis la caractĂ©risation de ces surfaces de silicium greffĂ©es par des monocouches organiques. Le SECM apparaĂźt Ă©galement comme un outil appropriĂ© pour l investigation des modifications de surfaces de silicium.Self-assembled monolayers covalently bound to monocrystalline Si(111) surfaces have been prepared from the attachment of an amine-substituted to a pre-assembled acid-terminated alkyl monolayer using carbodiimide coupling. Similarly, ferrocene derivative and sidewall functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes can be covalently bound to a silicon surface. p-Si type electrodes modified with these different organic monolayers were investigated by scanning electrochemical microscope. The method proves to be a convenient tool for investigating both the quality and the redox properties of the layer as previously demonstrated on metallic electrodes especially when the sample cannot be electrically connected.RENNES1-BU Sciences Philo (352382102) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Organisation du lexique mental (rÎle des mots polymorphémiques)

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    Notre objectif au cours de cette thÚse est de comprendre quel rÎle jouent les représentations des morphÚmes dans l'organisation des mots polymorphémiques au sein du lexique mental. Les expériences présentées dans le chapitre 2 montrent que les représentations morphémiques et globales sont activées lorsque ces mots sont présentés visuellement. En revanche, lorsque la présentation est faite en modalité auditive, seules les représentations morphémiques sont activées. Ceci indique que l'organisation des mots polymorphémiques diffÚre entre les lexiques orthographique et phonologique. Le chapitre 3 présente des résultats qui indiquent que les racines idiosyncrasiques (par ex. buv- dans buvait), tout comme les racines réguliÚres (mang- dans mangeons), sont représentées dans le lexique mental en plus de la représentation globale des formes verbales dans lesquelles elles apparaissent. Ceci est discuté en rapport avec les modÚles d'organisation à un ou deux niveaux de représentations. Les expériences présentées dans le chapitre 4 montrent que la seule présence d'une terminaison suffixale dans un mot entraßne une procédure de décomposition ; et l étude en imagerie cérébrale proposée dans le chapitre 5 montre une diminution d'activation dans la partie dorsale du gyrus frontal inférieur gauche lorsque les participants traitent des mots polymorphémiques. Ces résultats suggÚrent que cette région du cerveau pourrait sous-tendre les processus engagés lors du traitement des mots polymorphémiques : la décomposition. L'ensemble des travaux menés au cours de cette thÚse apportent des nouveaux indices quant à la place des morphÚmes au sein du lexique mental.LYON2/BRON-BU (690292101) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Boronic Acid-Functionalized Oxide-Free Silicon Surfaces for the Electrochemical Sensing of Dopamine

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    A paraĂźtre dans LangmuirInternational audienceBoronic acid monolayers covalently bound to hydrogen-terminated Si(111) surfaces have been prepared from the UV-directed hydrosilylation reaction of 4-vinylbenzeneboronic acid. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the modified surface revealed characteristics peaks from the attached organic molecule with the expected molecular composition and without oxidation of underlying silicon. From XPS data, the surface 2 coverage was estimated to be ca. 0.34 ± 0.04 ethylbenzene boronic acid chain per surface silicon atom (i.e. (4.4 ± 0.5) × 10−10^{-10} mol cm−2^{-2}) which is consistent with a densely packed monolayer. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements performed at pH 7.4 in the presence of the Fe(CN)6_63−^{3-}/Fe(CN)6_64−^{4-} reporter couple showed specific dopamine-induced changes, as a result of the binding of the guest molecule to the immobilized boronate species. The charge transfer resistance (Rct_{ct}) was found to decrease from 4.9 M℩ to 14 k℩ upon increasing the dopamine concentration in the range 10 ”M − 1 mM. Furthermore, the presence of the interfering ascorbic acid until a concentration of 10 mM did not change significantly the electrochemical response of the functionalized surface. Comparative electrochemical data obtained at the reference ethylbenzene monolayer provided clear evidence that the immobilized boronic acid units were responsible for the observed changes

    Single-component and mixed ferrocene-terminated alkyl monolayers covalently bound to Si(111) surfaces.

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    International audienceSelf-assembled ferrocene monolayers covalently bound to monocrystalline Si(111) surfaces have been prepared from the attachment of an amine-substituted ferrocene derivative to a pre-assembled acid-terminated alkyl monolayer using carbodiimide coupling. This derivatization strategy yielded nanometer-scale clean, densely packed monolayers, with the ferrocene units being more than 20 A from the semiconductor surface. The amount of immobilized electroactive units could be varied in the range 2 x 10(-11) to approximately 3.5 x 10(-10) mol cm(-2) by diluting the ferrocene-terminated chains by inert n-decyl chains. The highest coverage obtained for the single-component monolayer corresponded to 0.25-0.27 bound ferrocene per surface silicon atom. The electrochemical characteristics of the mixed n-decyl/ferrocene-terminated monolayers were found to not depend significantly on the surface coverage of ferrocene units. The reversible one-electron wave of the ferrocene/ferrocenium couple was observed at E degrees ' = 0.50 +/- 0.01 V vs SCE, and the rate constant of electron transfer kapp was about 50 s(-1)

    Vers un nouveau statut pharmaceutique pour une sélection de plantes médicinales au Cambodge

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    TOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Centrale (315552105) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Analyse d'un projet d'Ă©ducation artistique et culturelle : jeux didactiques et institutionnalisation

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    International audienceLa communication voudrait rendre compte d'une recherche collaborative en cours menĂ©e avec l'Ă©quipe du pĂŽle Éducation artistique et culturelle du Centre national de la danse (CN D, Pantin). Le projet « Constellation », qui fait l'objet de cette recherche, regroupe les actions d'Ă©ducation artistique et culturelle en danse avec un ensemble de classes, de centres de loisirs et de groupes de jeunes du champ social et sanitaire : les Ă©lĂšves participent Ă  un parcours composĂ© d'ateliers avec un artiste chorĂ©graphique, d'ateliers conduits par les mĂ©diatrices du CN D et de sorties culturelles. Ce dispositif complexe est significatif des modalitĂ©s d'action en EAC. Il interroge la possibilitĂ© d'une action effective de formation des Ă©lĂšves dans un temps qui, mĂȘme s'il est Ă©tirĂ© dans ce projet reste limitĂ©. Face aux dĂ©fis de l'EAC et Ă  l'ampleur des enjeux Ă©ducatifs, artistiques et sociĂ©taux inhĂ©rent Ă  ses pratiques, la communication interroge la pertinence d'une approche fondĂ©e sur la TACD, en termes de jeux didactiques et d'institutionnalisation pour aller au-delĂ  d'une expĂ©rience artistique Ă©vĂ©nementielle. Comment amener l'Ă©lĂšve Ă  relier pratiques artistiques, apprentissages scolaires et vie quotidienne pour qu'il dĂ©veloppe sa puissance d'agir ? Ces notions seront saisies et interrogĂ©es au regard de leur pertinence en EAC
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