Teoria da Agência: um levantamento sobre discussões contemporâneas

O presente artigo tem como objetivo identificar discussões contemporâneas e gaps teóricos na perspectiva contratual da Teoria da Agência. Para tal finalidade, é empregada uma revisão sistemática sobre artigos publicados e revisados por pares, entre os anos 2008 a 2017 que utilizaram a Teoria da Agência e o estudo sobre contratos. Os resultados apresentam de forma sistematizada: as pesquisas; os autores: a data de publicação; um resumo dos trabalhos; o objeto estudado; o tipo da pesquisa; a técnica de análise utilizada; os achados; e as lacunas que precisam de investigação. O trabalho fornece aos pesquisadores um catálogo das pesquisas sobre a temática no período analisado

Carcinoma de células renais claras e de origem genética: relato de caso

O propósito desta investigação foi caracterizar a condução e o tratamento de uma patologia, especificamente um caso raro de Neoplasia Renal bilateral, tendo como referência as informações obtidas no prontuário do paciente e no seguimento ambulatorial. O método de pesquisa utilizado foi o de relato de caso, no qual a metodologia adotada pautou-se na coleta cronológico de dados do prontuário médico, desde a admissão no hospital até os retornos ambulatoriais. O paciente em questão era do sexo masculino, 33 anos, sendo acompanhado desde o seu diagnóstico até a fase de tratamento em que se encontrava. Compareceu à unidade de Pronto Atendimento do Hospital Universitário Maria Aparecida Pedrossian com quadro de hematúria macroscópica associada a dor em flanco bilateral. Realizou-se tomografia com contraste, tendo evidência de doença policística renal e pancreática, além de lesões neoplásicas bilateral. Realizou-se também Nefrectomia Parcial à direita e pesquisa genética com diagnóstico de doença de von Hippel-Lindau, a qual deve ser lembrada em pacientes com neoplasia renal, principalmente associada a outros comemorativos, sendo que o seu diagnóstico permite ao paciente uma condução clínica mais assertiva e individualizada

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Proposta metodológica para o treinamento de atletas de surfe de nível competitivo

Orientador: Ricardo CoelhoMonografia (licenciatura) - Universidade Federal do Paraná. Setor de Ciências Biológicas. Curso de Educação Física

Um Ensaio Teórico sobreas Teoria de Priming no Contexto de Marcas Esportivas.

This essay aims to confirm some theoretical statements about the theory of priming, using the sports context . Priming is the activation of the internal structures of knowledge through an external stimulus, without any awareness on the part of the individual. For example, consumers exposed to low price brands tend to spend less on consumption situations when compared to consumers exposed to prestige brands . Regarding trademarks, it is proposed that they tend to function as priming tools if they have the ability to anthropomorphizing. Still regarding to brands, aspects such as prior relationship or past experiences can influence the results obtained. As for priming stimuli, issues such as exposure time and involvement with the stimulus may suggest different results, although the amount of exposed brands in a short period of time can confront meanings and modify the triggering of actions. The choice of sports brands was due to its ability to absorb different meanings found in sports, making possible for brands trigger not necessarily related to the features found in the same behaviors. Where brands influence the self-confidence and hence the propensity to risk in subsequent decisions. Such research propositions aim of contributing to the enrichment of the theory of priming in general and especially provide new resources for marketers build their strategies for brand-equity.Esse ensaio teórico pretende confirmar algumas afirmações a respeito da teoria do priming, se utilizando do contexto esportivo. O priming é a ativação de estruturas de conhecimento interno através de um estímulo externo, sem qualquer consciência por parte do individuo. Como por exemplo, consumidores expostos à marcas de preço baixo tendem a gastar menos em situações de consumo quando comparados a consumidores expostos a marcas de prestígio. Com relação às marcas, é proposto que elas tenderão a funcionar como ferramentas de priming caso possuam a capacidade de antropomorfização. Ainda com relação às marcas, aspectos como o relacionamento prévio ou experiências passadas podem exercer influência sobre os resultados obtidos. Quanto aos estímulos de priming, questões como o tempo de exposição e o envolvimento com o estímulo podem sugerir diferentes resultados, ainda a quantidade de marcas expostas em um curto período de tempo pode confrontar significados e modificar o desencadeamento de ações. A escolha por marcas esportivas se deu pela sua capacidade de absorver significados distintos encontrados nos esportes, tornando possível que tais marcas desencadeiem comportamentos não necessariamente relacionados com as características encontradas nas mesmas. Onde marcas influenciam na autoconfiança e consequentemente na propensão ao risco em decisões subsequentes a sua exposição. Tais proposições de pesquisa visam uma contribuição para o enriquecimento da teoria do priming em geral e principalmente fornecerão novos recursos para os profissionais de marketing construírem suas estratégias de construção de marcas (brand equity). Palavras-chave: Marca esportiva, priming de marca, antropomofização, autoconfiança propensão ao risco, brand-equity.&nbsp

Agricultural Trade Liberalization: Policies and Implications for Latin America

This book investigates key issues in regard to liberalization of agricultural trade in the Western Hemisphere, including potential scenarios for liberalization at the regional and multilateral levels, the effects of U.S. and European Union agricultural policies on trade, and how a Free Trade Area of the Americas and a European Union-MERCOSUR trade agreement might affect agricultural trade flows. It also examines agricultural liberalization in the U.S.-Central America Free Trade Agreement and suggests a food security typology for use by the World Trade Organization.

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit