Estudio de las microfacies entre Puente-Viesgo y Ontaneda (Santander)

A study of the microfacies of Jurassic marine rocks and materials which constitute the passage series between upper Jurassic and lower Cretaceous cropping out in a wide area between Puente-Viesgo and Ontaneda (province Santander) Shows that the latter have been deposited in a marshy en- vironment with the exception of a marine intercalation older thati the sediments of wealdian facies

Estudio de las microfacies entre Puente-Viesgo y Ontaneda (Santander)

A study of the microfacies of Jurassic marine rocks and materials which constitute the passage series between upper Jurassic and lower Cretaceous cropping out in a wide area between Puente-Viesgo and Ontaneda (province Santander) Shows that the latter have been deposited in a marshy en- vironment with the exception of a marine intercalation older thati the sediments of wealdian facies

Morphodynamics, sedimentary and anthropogenic influences in the San Vicente de la Barquera estuary (North coast of Spain)

The estuary of San Vicente de la Barquera (Cantabria, Spain) occupies two fluvial valleys that have incised into soft sedimentary rocks (Lower Mesozoic) and are controlled by inactive faults. These two estuary subsystems, the Escudo (main valley) and Gandarilla, share outer estuarine zones, i.e., a sandy bay and an estuary-mouth complex. The complexity of the system lies in the presence of a confining barrier formed by an aeolian dune/ beach system that is currently enclosed by a jetty, which has allowed the dune progradation over the past 50 years. Furthermore, connected to the inner inlet in the sand bay there is a flood-tidal delta, the most important morphosedimentary and dynamic unit. This unit exhibits a heart shape caused by the wide range of flows in this estuarine zone and channelizes the flows and sediments into the estuary, primarily during rising and high tides. In particular, the counter-clockwise surficial rotation due to the Coriolis effect is essential to the development of sand shoals, spill-over lobes, sand waves and megaripples. The presence of estuarine beaches into the bay is common in many Cantabrian estuaries, even culminating in small dune fields, in this case due to anthropogenic influences. This paper explains the impact on the estuary of human occupation and port management, focussing on the dynamic and sedimentary distribution of a bar-barrier estuary and the changes produced in its distal part by the construction of the two jetties in the mouth

Gestión de playas y dunas en las costas de Asturias y Cantabria (NWEspaña)

Se refieren playas y campos dunares de Asturias y Cantabria, que han sido objeto de alteraciones antrópicas indirectas y directas, entre las que cabe reseñarse las actuaciones de regeneración específicas, como ejemplos más significativos de esta costa cantábrica. Las playas afectadas han sido muy escasas, entre las que se encuentran algunas similares al modelo urbano (San Lorenzo y Laredo), artificializadas en sus perímetros; otras fueron sometidas a regeneración arenosa de sedimentos diferentes a los originales (El Gayo y Arbeyal) y solamente en el caso de Salinas-El Espartal se respetaron las características sedimentológicas previas; finalmente, un número reducido de playas fueron de nueva creación (Poniente, El Camello y Urdiales). Los campos dunares han experimentado transformaciones mayores y más variadas, incluyendo la destrucción total numerosos casos. Solamente se han regenerado algunos campos o sectores de los mismos con prácticas que han supuesto la reconstrucción morfológica, revegetación con especies específicas, aislamiento de recintos, así como ubicación de accesos, pasarelas y miradores de madera: Salinas-El Espartal, Cuchía, Liencres, Somo, etc.Beaches and dune fields of the Asturias and Cantabria (Cantabrian coast) which were directly and indirectly anthropized detailing some regeneration solutions are described in this paper. Only few beaches were affected, with some examples of urban beaches (San Lorenzo and Laredo); other beaches were regenerated with alocthonuos sandy sediments to the original sands and the Salinas-El Espartal beach where sedimentologic and mineralogically characteristics were maintained; finally, few new beaches were created. Dune fields were extensive and differently transformed, even distroyed. Only some of them were regenerated, consisting in the morphologic dune reconstruction, revegetation of specific plants, isolated enclosures, and woody observatory and roads: Salinas-El Espartal, Cuerna, Liencres, Somo, etc

Hydrodynamic controls of morpho-sedimentary evolution in a rock-bounded mesotidal estuary. Tina Menor (N Spain)

The Tina Menor estuary is a highly confined incised valley with advanced sedimentary infilling. The outstanding feature of this estuary is its longitudinal zonation, which forms four segments from the outer to the inner limit: Mouth complex, Bay, Tidal flats and Upper channel. The innermost part of the Bay and the Tidal Flats (semi-reclaimed areas) are broader estuarine zones, whereas the Mouth Complex and outermost Bay are confined by narrow rocky outcrops. This paper explains the dynamics and sedimentary distribution of a highly confined and singular estuary, detailing the fluvial-tidal controls on the variations in water mixing (QF/QT). This estuary is largely of salt wedge type and the dynamics are characterised by recording currents (speed and direction) in the water column during a tidal cycle in a spring tide; this process consists of the tidal waves propagation and their dissipation upstream hypo-synchronously and the mixing of fresh and saline waters. The morphology, dynamics and sedimentary distributions have been integrated to develop a conceptual model that demonstrates the circulation within the estuary. The sinuous geometry of the estuarine valley and the Coriolis Effect detected, play a fundamental role in determining the morphology and sedimentary distribution. Consequently, this study provides an adequate overview of this type of confined mesotidal estuary, quite common in the eastern Atlantic coast.The mrophology, dynamics and sedimentary distributions have been integrated to develop a conceptual model that demonstrates the circulation within the estuary. The sinous geometry of the estuarine valley and the Coriolis effect detected, play  a fundamental role in determining the morphology and sedimentary distribution. Consequently, this study provides an adequate overview of this type of confined mesotidal estuary, quite common in the eastern Atlantic coast.El estuario de Tina Menor es un valle encajado altamente confinado y sedimentariamente en un avanzado estado de colmatación. Se caracteriza por su zonación longitudinal en cuatro segmentos bien diferenciados desde su sector más externo hasta el límite interior: Complejo de Desembocadura, Bahía, Llanuras Mareales y Canal Superior. El interior de la Bahía y las Llanuras Mareales de carácter fangoso (zonas semi-reclamadas) son las más extensas, mientras que el Complejo de Desembocadura y la parte externa de la Bahía, están estrechamente confinadas por afloramientos rocosos. Este trabajo explica la distribución dinámica y sedimentaria de un estuario singular y altamente confinado, detallando los controles fluviales-mareales en la variación de las mezclas de agua (QF/QT). Este estuario es en gran parte del tipo de cuña salina y la dinámica fue caracterizada por las medidas de corrientes (velocidad y dirección) realizadas en la columna de agua durante un ciclo mareal en marea viva; este proceso consiste en la propagación de las ondas de marea y su disipación de aguas arriba hiposincrónicamente y la mezcla de aguas dulces y salinas. La morfología, dinámica y las distribuciones sedimentarias, se han integrado para desarrollar un modelo conceptual que demuestre la circulación dentro del estuario. La geometría sinuosa del valle estuarino y la detección del efecto de Coriolis, juegan un rol fundamental para determinar la distribución morfologica y sedimentaria. Consecuentemente, este estudio proporciona un visión adecuada de este tipo de estuarios mesomareales confinados, tan comunes en las costas atlánticas orientales

Industrias paleolíticas eolizadas en la región del Cabo de Peñas (Asturias)

[Resumen] En el borde costero de la región del Cabo Peñas ( Asturias ), se encuentran numerosos registros sedimentarios y prehist6ricos, particularmente del Paleolítico Inferior, que permiten una caracterización precisa entre la evolución litoral y los asentamientos humanos. En este trabajo, se estudian dos localizaciones prehistóricas de indudable interés: la punta de Cabo Peñas y El Otero ( Xagó ), donde vienen apareciendo útiles con signos evidentes de haber sido trabajados por el viento y que se encuentran asociados claramente al ambiente sedimentario. Se han sometido a análisis tipológicos y sedimentológicos, intentandose una aproximación cronológica.[Abstract] In the central and western coastal zone of the Cabo Peñas Asturias), there are several sedimentary and prehistoric records mainly from the Lower Palaeolithic allowing an accurate characterization between the littoral evolution and human establishment. In this work two interesting prehistoric sites are studied Cabo Peñas and El Otero ( Xagó ) where we met sorne eolized prehistoric industries associated to the sedimentary environment. Typologic and sedimentologic analysis were made and a chronology of the process was trie

Geomorphological evolution of the calcareous coastal cliffs in North Iberia (Asturias and Cantabria regions)

This paper presents an analysis of the main morphologies observed in the coastal cliffs of northern Spain (Asturias and Cantabria regions). The objective of this contribution is to establish a hypothesis on the origin and evolution of this rocky coast, as well as to present a detailed inventory, to characterise quantitatively and qualitatively singular morphologies and to highlight the geological heritage of this protected coast. The evolution process starts with the formation of an ancient coastal planation surface characterised by a flat morphology caused by regional mainly uplift and to relative sea level falls. Afterwards, wave erosion processes would have started eroding the cliff foot and simultaneously, karst activity produced some exokarst morphologies (sinkholes, karren, etc.) through stratification and fracturing network, while the underground drainage systems produced some caves and chasms. In the following step, corresponding to the last glaciation from the paleoclimatic point of view, sea level fall together with a deepening of the fluvial network caused the preservation of the existing caves and chasms and the generation of new ones at a lower level. On the other hand, dissolution processes on limestones created sinkholes in those areas characterised by alternating layers of limestones and marls, generating collapses. When the sea level reached the maximum height during the Holocene a new erosion cycle of the coastal cliffs began. As a consequence, new landforms and processes were produced, like bays, caves fillings, and intrusion of new sediments in small confined estuaries. In these areas, other types of morphologies associated with the last sea level rise can be observed, such as closed beaches, uncommon closed estuaries developed inside a sinkhole, blowholes produced by mixed wave action and widening of prevailing vertical pipes inside the limestones (including the second largest in the world), total or partial sedimentary filling of small confined estuaries, as well as a tombolo deposit. It is important to point out, that some sites described are included in the Spanish Inventory of Sites of Geological Interest (IELIG). Due to the evolution model here proposed, a portion of the coastal sector described are included in the Global Geosites Project

El complejo de dunas eólicas de la Playa de Frouxeira (Meirás-Valdoviño, La Coruña)

[Resumen] Dentro del complejo dunar, situado en la parte posterior de la playa de Frouxeira, se han distinguido varios tipos de dunas : montículos aislados, remontantes, parabólicas y blow-outs y cartografiados en cuatro subzonas: dunas activas, subrecientes, remontantes y fósiles. Se establecen las características texturales de las arenas dunares y de playa, tanto granulométricas como a partir de los índices de correlación lineal entre los diferentes parámetros, además del contenido carbonatado. Finalmente, se determina la evolución sedimentaria y su relación con el resto de la cornisa cantábrica, mediante los datos prehistóricos asociados al medio de depósito[Abstract] Several coastal sand dunes are classified ( isolated mounds, climbing, parabolic and blow-outs ) and they are distributed in four areas: active, subrecent, climbing and fossil ones. Textural patterns as well granulometric parameters as lineal correlation index among them are stablished. Finally, the sedimentary evolution is determlnated by the help of the prehistoric information from the Asturian and Cantabrian region

The effects of graded motor imagery and its components on chronic pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis

This is the post-print version of the final paper published in The Journal of Pain. The published article is available from the link below. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. Copyright @ 2013 The American Pain Society.Graded motor imagery (GMI) is becoming increasingly used in the treatment of chronic pain conditions. The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize all evidence concerning the effects of GMI and its constituent components on chronic pain. Systematic searches were conducted in 10 electronic databases. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of GMI, left/right judgment training, motor imagery, and mirror therapy used as a treatment for chronic pain were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Six RCTs met our inclusion criteria, and the methodological quality was generally low. No effect was seen for left/right judgment training, and conflicting results were found for motor imagery used as stand-alone techniques, but positive effects were observed for both mirror therapy and GMI. A meta-analysis of GMI versus usual physiotherapy care favored GMI in reducing pain (2 studies, n = 63; effect size, 1.06 [95% confidence interval, .41, 1.71]; heterogeneity, I2 = 15%). Our results suggest that GMI and mirror therapy alone may be effective, although this conclusion is based on limited evidence. Further rigorous studies are needed to investigate the effects of GMI and its components on a wider chronic pain population.NHMR