Otolith shape analysis of Lethrinus lentjan (Lacepède, 1802) and L. microdon (Valenciennes, 1830) from the Red Sea

Otolith shape and morphology are used to identify fish species and population stocks. The aim of this study was to distinguish the Lethrinus lentjan (Lacepède, 1802) and L. microdon (Valenciennes, 1830) (family: Lethrinidae) using otolith shape. The analyses apply the ShapeR package in R which enables to extract the outline and otolith morphology from images and for statistical examining of individual variation. Otoliths of 165 individuals from the two Lethrinus species were collected during 2019 and 2020. The wavelet levels were examined by using 6 wavelets to collect 63 coefficients. The regression between width and fish length were b = -0.03 (t = 2.6, P = 0.01) for L. lentjan and was significantly different (t = 2.120, P = 0.036) for L. microdon (b = 0.018)

A survey on probabilistic broadcast schemes for wireless ad hoc networks

Broadcast or flooding is a dissemination technique of paramount importance in wireless ad hoc networks. The broadcast scheme is widely used within routing protocols by a wide range of wireless ad hoc networks such as mobile ad hoc networks, vehicular ad hoc networks, and wireless sensor networks, and used to spread emergency messages in critical scenarios after a disaster scenario and/or an accidents. As the type broadcast scheme used plays an important role in the performance of the network, it has to be selected carefully. Though several types of broadcast schemes have been proposed, probabilistic broadcast schemes have been demonstrated to be suitable schemes for wireless ad hoc networks due to a range of benefits offered by them such as low overhead, balanced energy consumption, and robustness against failures and mobility of nodes. In the last decade, many probabilistic broadcast schemes have been proposed by researchers. In addition to reviewing the main features of the probabilistic schemes found in the literature, we also present a classification of the probabilistic schemes, an exhaustive review of the evaluation methodology including their performance metrics, types of network simulators, their comparisons, and present some examples of real implementations, in this paper

Age precision and growth rate of Rhabdosargus haffara (Forsskål, 1775) from Hurghada fishing area, Red Sea, Egypt

The age and growth of the haffara seabream, Rhabdosargus haffara (Forsskål, 1775) from Hurghada fishing area, Red sea, Egypt, were investigated using a sample of 466 specimens. The fish length varied between 12.7 and 27.2 cm and the weight from 38.1 to 293.2 g. Samples were collected from the artisanal fisheries during the fishing season from August 2018 to July 2019. The relationship between the body lengths (total, fork and standard length in cm) and the body weight (g) was found to be significant (p 0.05). The relationship between length and weight was estimated by a power regression function, with a scaling factor at a = 0.0106 for both females and males and 0.0107 for the combined sexes, the exponent b = 3.13, 3.13 and 3.129 for females, males and for all samples, respectively. Age was determined using the whole otolith and the maximum age of haffara was 5 years old for females and males. The otolith readings indicated good agreement between the two readers with an agreement = 88.35%, CV = 3.93% and APE = 2.78%. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters were estimated at TL∞ = 30.13 cm, k = 0.35 y–1, and t0 = –0.24 y for females, TL∞ = 30.49 cm, k = 0.36 y–1, and t0 = –0.26 y for males, TL∞ = 30,47 cm, k = 0.36 y–1, and t0 = –0.26 y for the combined sexes. 

Proteome Analysis and In Vitro Antiviral, Anticancer and Antioxidant Capacities of the Aqueous Extracts of Lentinula edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus Edible Mushrooms

In this study, we examined aqueous extracts of the edible mushrooms Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom) and Lentinula edodes (shiitake mushroom). Proteome analysis was conducted using LC-Triple TOF-MS and showed the expression of 753 proteins by Pleurotus ostreatus, and 432 proteins by Lentinula edodes. Bioactive peptides: Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor, superoxide dismutase, thioredoxin reductase, serine proteinase and lectin, were identified in both mushrooms. The extracts also included promising bioactive compounds including phenolics, flavonoids, vitamins and amino acids. The extracts showed promising antiviral activities, with a selectivity index (SI) of 4.5 for Pleurotus ostreatus against adenovirus (Ad7), and a slight activity for Lentinula edodes against herpes simplex-II (HSV-2). The extracts were not cytotoxic to normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). On the contrary, they showed moderate cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines. Additionally, antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical cation scavenging and ORAC assays. The two extracts showed potential antioxidant activities, with the maximum activity seen for Pleurotus ostreatus (IC50 µg/mL) = 39.46 ± 1.27 for DPPH; 11.22 ± 1.81 for ABTS; and 21.40 ± 2.20 for ORAC assays. This study encourages the use of these mushrooms in medicine in the light of their low cytotoxicity on normal PBMCs vis à vis their antiviral, antitumor and antioxidant capabilities

Morphological Formation, Fatty Acid Profile, and Molecular Identification of Some Landraces of Ethiopian Brassica as a Promising Crop to Support Breeding Programs

There has been an increased interest in oilseed crops for agro-industry research and development breeding programs to secure sustainable food and agriculture. The introgression of exotic genotypes of oilseed Brassica into cultivated relatives is inevitable in the genetic improvement of oilseed crops. This experimental attempt aimed to characterize the morphological and molecular basis for the identification and characterization of some Brassica genotypes. Fatty acid profile, yield, and morphology are under genetic control and can be used to identify genotypes. Characterization and identification were fulfilled for five accessions from Brassica spp. Plant height, height of first branch, number of branches and pods per plant, seed yield per plant, average pod length, number of seeds per pod, protein and oil contents (%), and fatty acid profile were examined. Besides, the relationship between seed yield and seed yield-contributing characteristics was estimated, as well as the phylogenetic relationship of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS). The genotypes varied significantly for all examined traits, taking into account the most important traits: seed yield per plant and oil content. For example, oil content in the samples ranged between 41.1 and 49.3%. Path analysis results showed a high and positive direct effect between each number of primary branches and the number of pods per plant with seed yield per plant (0.48). The morphological and molecular observations suggest that the Fay1, Fay3, Fay4, and Fay6 accessions belong to Brassica rapa, while Fay2 belongs to Brassica carinata. It can be concluded based on the present findings that the Fay3 genotype with the highest oil content and the lowest erucic acid content compared to the other genotypes can be proposed as a potential donor for future breeding programs for oil production and quality, while Fay1 can be utilized as donor to increase the seed yield per plant