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Ocean Acidification
Report that discusses the increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere, and the extent of related effects on the ocean and marine resources
Assessment of the Orifice Area of Bioprosthetic Valves by Orifice-View Roentgenography
Orifice-view angiography permits us to visualize en face the orifice of the aortic or mitral valve. The radiopaque annulus of bioprosthetic valves assists in permitting the angiographer to position the patient exactly, so that the valve can be seen as if looking directly into the orifice. Orifice-view angiography of porcine bioprosthetic valves has been useful in assessing the size and configuration of the valve orifice. It can reveal a failure of leaflet opening that would indicate degeneration, even when hemodynamic measurements remain equivocal
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Effects of Radiation from Fukushima Daiichi on the U.S. Marine Environment
The massive Tohoku earthquake and tsunami of March 11, 2011, caused extensive damage in northeastern Japan, including damage to the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power installation, which resulted in the release of radiation. This report discusses concerns about the potential effects of this released radiation on the U.S. marine environment and resources
Psycho-Ecological Systems Model: A Systems Approach to Planning and Gauging the Community Impact of Community-Engaged Scholarship
This article presents the Psycho-Ecological Systems Model (PESM) – an integrative conceptual model rooted in General Systems Theory (GST). PESM was developed to inform and guide the development, implementation, and evaluation of transdisciplinary (and multilevel) community-engaged scholarship (e.g., a participatory community action research project undertaken by faculty that involves graduate and/or undergraduate students as service-learning research assistants). To set the stage, the first section critiques past conceptual models. Following a description of GST, the second section provides a comprehensive description of PESM, which represents an integration of three conceptual developments: the ecological systems model (Bronfenbrenner, 1979), the biopsychosocial model (Kiesler, 2000), and the principle of reciprocal determinism (Bandura, 1978). In the third section, we discuss implications of PESM for community-based research. A greater emphasis on the development of integrative conceptual frameworks may increase the likelihood that community-based research projects will: (a) address complex questions; (b) develop and implement efficacious (and sustainable) transdisciplinary (and multilevel) projects; (c) assess constructs at multiple levels using a blend of quantitative and qualitative approaches; and (d) utilize multiple research designs and methods to systematically examine hypotheses regarding a project’s influence on outcome variables and process variables
Impact of a carbohydrate mouth rinse on corticomotor excitability after mental fatigue in healthy college-aged subjects
Mental Fatigue (MF) has been associated with reduced physical performance but the mechanisms underlying this result are unclear. A reduction in excitability of the corticomotor system is a way mental fatigue could negatively impact physical performance. Carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinse (MR) has been shown to increase corticomotor excitability. The purpose of this study was to determine if CHO MR impacts corticomotor excitability after MF. Fifteen subjects (nine females, six males; age = 23 ± 1 years; height = 171 ± 2 cm; body mass = 69 ± 3 kg; BMI = 23.8 ± 0.7) completed two sessions under different MR conditions (Placebo (PLAC), 6.4% glucose (CHO)) separated by at least 48 h and applied in a double-blinded randomized fashion. Motor-evoked potential (MEP) of the left first dorsal interosseous (FDI) was determined by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) before and after MF. Perceived MF was recorded before and after the MF task using a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS). MF was greater following PLAC (+30.4 ± 4.0 mm) than CHO (+19.4 ± 3.9 mm) ( = 0.005). MEP was reduced more following PLAC (-16.6 ± 4.4%) than CHO (-3.7 ± 4.7%) ( < 0.001). CHO MR was successful at attenuating the reduction in corticomotor excitability after MF. Carbohydrate mouth rinse may be a valuable tool at combating the negative consequences of mental fatigue
Comparison of Geant4 hadron generation with data from the interactions with beryllium nuclei of +8.9 GeV/c protons and pions, and of -8 GeV/c pions
Hadron generation in the Geant4 simulation tool kit is compared with
inclusive spectra of secondary protons and pions from the interactions with
beryllium nuclei of +8.9 GeV/c protons and pions, and of -8.0 GeV/c pions. The
data were taken in 2002 at the CERN Proton Synchrotron with the HARP
spectrometer. We report on significant disagreements between data and simulated
data especially in the polar-angle distributions of secondary protons and
pions.Comment: 15 pages, 13 figure
How fair versus how long: An integrative theory‐based examination of procedural justice and procedural timeliness
Although studies have linked procedural justice to a range of positive attitudes and behaviors, the focus on justice has neglected other aspects of decision‐making procedures. We explore one of those neglected aspects: procedural timeliness—defined as the degree to which procedures are started and completed within an acceptable time frame. Do employees react to how long a procedure takes, not just how fair it seems to be? To explore that question, we examined the potential effects of procedural timeliness using six theories created to explain the benefits of procedural justice. This integrative theory‐based approach allowed us to explore whether “how long” had unique effects apart from “how fair.” The results of a three‐wave, two‐source field study showed that procedural timeliness had a significant indirect effect on citizenship behavior through many of the theory‐based mechanisms, even when controlling for procedural justice. A laboratory study then replicated those effects while distinguishing procedures that were too fast versus too slow. We discuss the implications of our results for research on fostering citizenship behavior and improving supervisors’ decision‐making procedures
Forward production of charged pions with incident on nuclear targets measured at the CERN PS
Measurements of the double-differential production cross-section
in the range of momentum 0.5 \GeVc \leq p \le 8.0 \GeVc and angle 0.025 \rad
\leq \theta \le 0.25 \rad in interactions of charged pions on beryllium,
carbon, aluminium, copper, tin, tantalum and lead are presented. These data
represent the first experimental campaign to systematically measure forward
pion hadroproduction. The data were taken with the large acceptance HARP
detector in the T9 beam line of the CERN PS. Incident particles, impinging on a
5% nuclear interaction length target, were identified by an elaborate system of
beam detectors. The tracking and identification of the produced particles was
performed using the forward spectrometer of the HARP detector. Results are
obtained for the double-differential cross-sections mainly at four incident pion beam
momenta (3 \GeVc, 5 \GeVc, 8 \GeVc and 12 \GeVc). The measurements are compared
with the GEANT4 and MARS Monte Carlo simulationComment: to be published on Nuclear Physics
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