546 research outputs found
Claims against the Estate
I. Introduction
II. Probate Jurisdiction of County Courts
III. Procedures Prior to Filing Claims … A. Duty of Court to Enter Order and Cause Notice to Be Published … B. Duty of Attorney for Estate … C. Mailing Copy of Notice
IV. Forms of Order, Notice, and Claim … A. In General … B. Order Barring Claims … C. Verification of Claims
V. Claims That Must Be Filed … A. General Definition … B. Decedent’s Obligations, Due or Past Due, for the Payment of Money … C. Funeral and Last Illness … D. Unmatured Debts … E. Tort Claims … F. Contingent Claims … G. Claims for Personal Services … H. Claims for Personal Taxes … I. Promises to Pay at Death
VI. Claims Which Need Not Be Filed … A. Specific Performance of Contracts to Devise or Bequeath … B. Debts Secured by Mortgage
VII. Extension and Limitation Provisions … A. Limitation by First Court Order … B. Extension of Time for Filing … C. Further Limitation Provisions
VIII. Executor’s Duties and Limitations of Authority … A. Must Plead Defense of Set-off … B. Cannot Waive Statute of Non-claim … C. Executor Has Burden of Proof of Defense of Payment
IX. Assets Subject to Claims … A. In General … B. Insurance Companies’ Obligation under Liability Policy Insuring the Decedent … C. Fraudulent Conveyances … D. Gifts Causa Mortis
X. Assets Not Subject to Claims … A. Life Insurance Payable to Beneficiary Other Than Estate … B. Personal Property Exempt from Execution … C. Homestead Interest … D. Jointly Held Property .. E. Recovery under Lord Campbell’s Act and Federal Employer’s Liability Act … F. Advancements … G. United States Savings Bonds and Bank Accounts
XI. Priorities
Paper delivered at the Institute on Probate Administration presented by the University of Nebraska College of Law and the Junior Bar Section of the Nebraska State Bar Association, September 18 and 19, 1959
Claims against the Estate
I. Introduction
II. Probate Jurisdiction of County Courts
III. Procedures Prior to Filing Claims … A. Duty of Court to Enter Order and Cause Notice to Be Published … B. Duty of Attorney for Estate … C. Mailing Copy of Notice
IV. Forms of Order, Notice, and Claim … A. In General … B. Order Barring Claims … C. Verification of Claims
V. Claims That Must Be Filed … A. General Definition … B. Decedent’s Obligations, Due or Past Due, for the Payment of Money … C. Funeral and Last Illness … D. Unmatured Debts … E. Tort Claims … F. Contingent Claims … G. Claims for Personal Services … H. Claims for Personal Taxes … I. Promises to Pay at Death
VI. Claims Which Need Not Be Filed … A. Specific Performance of Contracts to Devise or Bequeath … B. Debts Secured by Mortgage
VII. Extension and Limitation Provisions … A. Limitation by First Court Order … B. Extension of Time for Filing … C. Further Limitation Provisions
VIII. Executor’s Duties and Limitations of Authority … A. Must Plead Defense of Set-off … B. Cannot Waive Statute of Non-claim … C. Executor Has Burden of Proof of Defense of Payment
IX. Assets Subject to Claims … A. In General … B. Insurance Companies’ Obligation under Liability Policy Insuring the Decedent … C. Fraudulent Conveyances … D. Gifts Causa Mortis
X. Assets Not Subject to Claims … A. Life Insurance Payable to Beneficiary Other Than Estate … B. Personal Property Exempt from Execution … C. Homestead Interest … D. Jointly Held Property .. E. Recovery under Lord Campbell’s Act and Federal Employer’s Liability Act … F. Advancements … G. United States Savings Bonds and Bank Accounts
XI. Priorities
Paper delivered at the Institute on Probate Administration presented by the University of Nebraska College of Law and the Junior Bar Section of the Nebraska State Bar Association, September 18 and 19, 1959
Metformin-mediated increase in DICER1 regulates microRNA expression and cellular senescence
Metformin, an oral hypoglycemic agent, has been used for
decades to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recent studies indicate
that mice treated with metformin live longer and have fewer
manifestations of age-related chronic disease. However, the
molecular mechanisms underlying this phenotype are unknown.
Here, we show that metformin treatment increases the levels of
the microRNA-processing protein DICER1 in mice and in humans
with diabetes mellitus. Our results indicate that metformin
upregulates DICER1 through a post-transcriptional mechanism
involving the RNA-binding protein AUF1. Treatment with metformin
altered the subcellular localization of AUF1, disrupting its
interaction with DICER1 mRNA and rendering DICER1 mRNA
stable, allowing DICER1 to accumulate. Consistent with the role
of DICER1 in the biogenesis of microRNAs, we found differential
patterns of microRNA expression in mice treated with metformin
or caloric restriction, two proven life-extending interventions.
Interestingly, several microRNAs previously associated with
senescence and aging, including miR-20a, miR-34a, miR-130a,
miR-106b, miR-125, and let-7c, were found elevated. In agreement
with these findings, treatment with metformin decreased
cellular senescence in several senescence models in a DICER1-
dependent manner. Metformin lowered p16 and p21 protein
levels and the abundance of inflammatory cytokines and oncogenes
that are hallmarks of the senescence-associated secretory
phenotype (SASP). These data lead us to hypothesize that
changes in DICER1 levels may be important for organismal aging
and to propose that interventions that upregulate DICER1
expression (e.g., metformin) may offer new pharmacotherapeutic
approaches for age-related disease
Broadscale coral disease interventions elicit efficiencies in endemic disease response
The presence and abundance of reef-building corals are crucial to the long-term existence of Caribbean coral reef ecosystems, providing both direct and indirect, local and global, ecological, economic, and social benefits. In 2014, stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) was first identified in southeast Florida and remains endemic to the region, while continuing to spread throughout the Caribbean. Effective in situ intervention treatments using antibiotic paste can halt lesion progression on Montastraea cavernosa up to 90% of the time. This study investigated intervention activities over a three-year period to identify efficiencies in disease response. Since May 2019, 1,037 corals, \u3e85% of which were M. cavernosa, were treated during disease intervention dives in southeast Florida. Treated coral density, the number of treated corals per meter along a dive track, was significantly higher in the first year compared to subsequent years and displayed annual peaks in late summer each year. Season significantly influenced treatment density, leading to higher values in the wet season across all years, 2019 to 2022. Areas of highest treatment density were identified between Haulover Inlet and Government Cut near Miami and Hillsboro Inlet in northern Broward County. Areas with the highest treatment density were only identified in the first year, suggesting that broadscale interventions may have decreased disease prevalence in subsequent years. Results indicate that in endemic areas with sporadic and dynamic disease prevalence, intervention efforts should be weighted proportionally across space and time to maximize intervention efficiency. This study provides optimistic results for the potential of interventions reducing disease prevalence and supports that disease interventions are an effective coral restoration tool that can decrease the increasing burden on post hoc coral restoration
Measuring individual overpotentials in an operating solid-oxide electrochemical cell
We use photo-electrons as a non-contact probe to measure local electrical
potentials in a solid-oxide electrochemical cell. We characterize the cell in
operando at near-ambient pressure using spatially-resolved X-ray photoemission
spectroscopy. The overpotentials at the interfaces between the Ni and Pt
electrodes and the yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte are directly
measured. The method is validated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
Using the overpotentials, which characterize the cell's inefficiencies, we
compare without ambiguity the electro-catalytic efficiencies of Ni and Pt,
finding that on Ni H_2O splitting proceeds more rapidly than H2 oxidation,
while on Pt, H2 oxidation proceeds more rapidly than H2O splitting.Comment: corrected; Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 201
Meta-analyses of whale-watching impact studies : Comparisons of cetacean responses to disturbance
Acknowledgements. The International Whaling Commission funded this study through a grant assigned to D.L. D.L. was also funded by the Scottish Funding Council for funding through grant HR09011 to the Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland. While writing the manuscript, V.S. was sponsored by a Fulbright scholarship. We thank the many people that replied to the 2 MAR - MAM calls and Dr. Stankowich for his previous comments on the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Key questions in marine mammal bioenergetics
Bioenergetic approaches are increasingly used to understand how marine mammal populations could be affected by a changing and disturbed aquatic environment. There remain considerable gaps in our knowledge of marine mammal bioenergetics, which hinder the application of bioenergetic studies to inform policy decisions. We conducted a priority-setting exercise to identify high-priority unanswered questions in marine mammal bioenergetics, with an emphasis on questions relevant to conservation and management. Electronic communication and a virtual workshop were used to solicit and collate potential research questions from the marine mammal bioenergetic community. From a final list of 39 questions, 11 were identified as ‘key’ questions because they received votes from at least 50% of survey participants. Key questions included those related to energy intake (prey landscapes, exposure to human activities) and expenditure (field metabolic rate, exposure to human activities, lactation, time-activity budgets), energy allocation priorities, metrics of body condition and relationships with survival and reproductive success and extrapolation of data from one species to another. Existing tools to address key questions include labelled water, animal-borne sensors, mark-resight data from long-term research programs, environmental DNA and unmanned vehicles. Further validation of existing approaches and development of new methodologies are needed to comprehensively address some key questions, particularly for cetaceans. The identification of these key questions can provide a guiding framework to set research priorities, which ultimately may yield more accurate information to inform policies and better conserve marine mammal populations
High speed railway ground dynamics: a multi-model analysis
High speed railway track and earthwork structures experience varied levels of displacement amplification depending upon train speed. Protecting against amplified track deflections is challenging due to the complexity of deep wave propagation within both the track and supporting soil structures. Therefore it is challenging to derive design guidelines that encompass the full range of influential variables. As a solution, this paper uses a novel multi-model framework where 4 complimentary modelling strategies are combined, and thus able to generate new insights into railway ground dynamics and ‘critical velocity’. The four types of model are: 1) analytical, 2) hybrid analytical-numerical, 3) 2.5D numerical, 4) 3D numerical. They are used to explore subgrade layering, track type, train type, soil non-linearity, shakedown and ground improvement. The findings provide new insights into railway track-ground geodynamics and are useful when considering the design or upgrade of railroad lines
Evaluation of Phage Display Discovered Peptides as Ligands for Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA)
The aim of this study was to identify potential ligands of PSMA suitable for further development as novel PSMA-targeted peptides using phage display technology. The human PSMA protein was immobilized as a target followed by incubation with a 15-mer phage display random peptide library. After one round of prescreening and two rounds of screening, high-stringency screening at the third round of panning was performed to identify the highest affinity binders. Phages which had a specific binding activity to PSMA in human prostate cancer cells were isolated and the DNA corresponding to the 15-mers were sequenced to provide three consensus sequences: GDHSPFT, SHFSVGS and EVPRLSLLAVFL as well as other sequences that did not display consensus. Two of the peptide sequences deduced from DNA sequencing of binding phages, SHSFSVGSGDHSPFT and GRFLTGGTGRLLRIS were labeled with 5-carboxyfluorescein and shown to bind and co-internalize with PSMA on human prostate cancer cells by fluorescence microscopy. The high stringency requirements yielded peptides with affinities KD∼1 μM or greater which are suitable starting points for affinity maturation. While these values were less than anticipated, the high stringency did yield peptide sequences that apparently bound to different surfaces on PSMA. These peptide sequences could be the basis for further development of peptides for prostate cancer tumor imaging and therapy. © 2013 Shen et al
Bee Venom Induces Unfolded Protein Response in A172 Glioblastoma Cell Line
Background: Glioblastoma is a type of brain tumor with poor response to available therapies, and shows high rate of mortality. Despite remarkable advancements in our knowledge about cytogenetic and pathophysiologic features of glioblastoma, current treatment strategies are mainly based on cytotoxic drugs; however, these therapeutic approaches are facing progressive failure because of the resistant nature of glioblastomas. In the recent years, however, promising results have emerged owing to targeted therapies toward molecular pathways within cancerous cells. Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) is a remarkable signaling pathway that triggers both apoptosis and survival pathways within cells, and therefore induces UPR-related apoptotic pathways in cancer cells by ER stress inducers.
Objectives: Recently, the role of Bee venom (Bv), which contains powerful bioactive peptides, in inducing UPR-related apoptosis was revealed in cancer cell lines. Nevertheless, currently there are no reports of Bv potential ability in induction of UPR apoptotic routes in glioblastoma. The aim of current study was to evaluate possible role of Bee venome in inducing of UPR pathway within A172 glioblastoma cell line.
Materials and Methods: We treated the A172 glioblastoma cell line with different Bv doses, and assessed UPR-related genes expression by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
Results: The IC50 of Bv for the studied cell line was 28 μg/mL. Furthermore, we observed that Bv can induce UPR target genes (Grp94 and Gadd153) over-expression through a dose-dependent mechanism.
Conclusions: Our results suggest the potential role of Bv as a therapeutic agent for glioblastomas.
Keywords: Glioblastoma; A172 Cell Line; Unfolded Protein Response; Bee Veno
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