Efeito da temporada de basquetebol profissional sobre o perfil lipídico

The aim of the present study was to verify the effect of the professional basketball season on the lipids profile. Seven professional players (age: 23.6±4.3 years; body mass: 110.2±17.5 kg; height: 195.4±10.3 cm) were evaluated before and after a period ranging 4 moths, during national professional basketball season (2 games per week, 2 to 3 tactical and technical exercise workout, 2 to 3 strength exercise workout, 1 to 2 recuperative workout and 1 day of passive rest, all of then as a median per week). Blood samples and anthropometric measures were taken. The first visit was made before the beginning of the season and the second visit two days (48 hours) after the ending of the last game of the season. The lipids profile (triglyceride, VLDL, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and total cholesterol) was analyses by commercial kits (Labtest®, Brazil). The comparison between the results (before and after) was carried through by non-parametric Wilcoxon pair test. The level of significance of 5% was used (p < 0.05). After basketball season, a reduction in the LDL-cholesterol plasma concentrations was demonstrated (before: 111.40±9 mg/dL after: 84.60±8.50 mg/dL; p < 0.05), as well as in total cholesterol (before: 171.20±6.44 mg/dL after: 148.20±6.37 mg/dL; p < 0.05). Besides, increase in rate the HDL/total cholesterol was found (before: 0.22±0.03 after: 0.27±0.06; p < 0.05). The results herein found indicate that the basketball season may induce changes in LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol and in rate the HDL/total cholesterol concentrations, suggesting a modulatory effect on the lipid profile in professional basketball player after 4 moths season.O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar o efeito da temporada de basquetebol profissional sobre o perfil lipídico. Sete jogadores profissionais (idade: 23,6±4,3 anos; massa corporal: 110,2±17,5 kg; estatura: 195,4±10,3 cm) foram avaliados antes e após um período de 4 meses, relativos a uma temporada nacional de basquetebol profissional (2 partidas por semana, 2 a 3 sessões de treinos técnicos e tático, 2 a 3 sessões de treino de musculação, 1 a 2 sessões de treino regenerativo e 1 dia de descanso passivo, sendo todos a média por semana) . Os jogadores foram submetidos a analise antropométrica e coleta sangüínea. A primeira visita foi feita antes do início da temporada e a segunda visita dois dias (48 horas) após o término da última partida da temporada. Foram realizadas análises do perfil lipídico (triacilglicerol, VLDL, LDL-colesterol, HDL-colesterol, e colesterol total) por kits comerciais (Labtest®, Brasil). A comparação entre os resultados foi realizada pareadamente (antes e depois o início da temporada) por teste não paramétrico de Wilcoxon. Utilizou-se o nível de significância de 5% (p < 0,05). Após a temporada, foi demonstrada diminuição nas concentrações da LDL-colesterol (pré: 111,40±9 mg/dL vs pós: 84,60±8,50 mg/dL; p < 0,05), bem como do colesterol total (pré: 171,20±6,44 mg/dL vs pós: 148,20±6,37 mg/dL; p < 0,05). Além disso, foi encontrado aumento na taxa HDL/colesterol total (pré: 0,22±0,03 vs pós: 0,27±0,06; p < 0,05). Os resultados indicam que a temporada de basquetebol profissional pode induzir alterações na concentração de LDL-colesterol, de colesterol total e na taxa HDL/colesterol total, sugerindo um efeito modulador sobre o perfil lipídico de jogadores profissionais de basquetebol após uma temporada de 4 meses

Hypothalamic inflammation is reversed by endurance training in anorectic-cachectic rats

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Aim</p> <p>We tested the effects of a cancer cachexia-anorexia sydrome upon the balance of anti and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hypothalamus of sedentary or trained tumour-bearing (Walker-256 carcinosarcoma) rats.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Animals were randomly assigned to a sedentary control (SC), sedentary tumour-bearing (ST), and sedentary pair-fed (SPF) groups or, exercised control (EC), exercised tumour-bearing (ET) and exercised pair-fed (EPF) groups. Trained rats ran on a treadmill (60%VO_2max) for 60 min/d, 5 days/wk, for 8 wks. We evaluated food intake, leptin and cytokine (TNF-α, IL1β) levels in the hypothalamus.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The cumulative food intake and serum leptin concentration were reduced in ST compared to SC. Leptin gene expression in the retroperitoneal adipose tissue (RPAT) was increased in SPF in comparison with SC and ST, and in the mesenteric adipose tissue (MEAT) the same parameter was decreased in ST in relation to SC. Leptin levels in RPAT and MEAT were decreased in ST, when compared with SC. Exercise training was also able to reduce tumour weight when compared to ST group. In the hypothalamus, IL-1β and IL-10 gene expression was higher in ST than in SC and SPF. Cytokine concentration in hypothalamus was higher in ST (TNF-α and IL-1β, p < 0.05), compared with SC and SPF. These pro-inflammatory cytokines concentrations were restored to control values (p < 0.05), when the animals were submitted to endurance training.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Cancer-induced anorexia leads towards a pro-inflammatory state in the hypothalamus, which is prevented by endurance training which induces an anti-inflammatory state, with concomitant decrease of tumour weight.</p

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Faculdades da alma e suas implicações para a educação: saberes divulgados no século XIX Faculties of the soul and their implications for education: knowledges circulated in the 19th century

Este artigo descreve resultados de uma pesquisa que buscou investigar como o tema das faculdades da alma e de suas implicações no desenvolvimento humano e na educação da pessoa foi divulgado, ao final do século XIX, pela imprensa periódica. Esperando contribuir para a história da psicologia e da educação, o artigo apresenta a análise de escritos sobre educação moral e educação estética de uma Secção Scientífica ou Pedagógica assinada por José Miguel de Siqueira e publicada no jornal O Baependyano (1877-1889). Inicialmente, são feitas breves descrições do periódico e de sua posição na conjuntura da época, bem como do lugar em que foi publicado. Em seguida, tratamos da definição de pedagogia apresentada pelo jornal, levando em consideração as apropriações de autores estrangeiros comumente presentes no campo da educação. A pedagogia considerada moderna é definida em tais escritos como a expansão e o desenvolvimento das forças animais, racionais e morais do ser humano; sua finalidade seria a formação do homem social pronto para o trabalho e para o serviço da sociedade e do Estado. Partindo dessa discussão, abordamos as concepções de educação espontânea, educação regular e instrução contidas no periódico. A educação é entendida como a unidade entre cultura e instrução, sendo a cultura a principal responsável pelo direcionamento das faculdades da alma e pela formação moral; a instrução, por sua vez, é tomada como aquisição de conhecimentos, mas também desempenha um papel importante na formação de hábitos e costumes.<br>The article describes the results of a research that investigated how the theme of the faculties of the soul and of their implications for human development and for the education of a person was made available in the late 19th century by the circulating press. In an attempt to contribute to the history of psychology and education, the article presents the analysis of writings on moral education and aesthetic education that appeared on a scientific or pedagogical section signed by José Miguel de Siqueira and published in the O Baependyano (1877-1889) periodical. Initially, brief descriptions of the periodical and of its position within the context of the time are made, as well as of the place at which it was published. Next, we deal with the definition of pedagogy presented by the periodical, taking into account the appropriations of foreign authors commonly present in the field of education. Pedagogy, regarded as modern, is defined in those writings as the expansion and development of the animal, rational and moral strengths of the human being; its purpose would be the formation of the social man ready for work and for the service of society and of the State. Based on this discussion, we investigate the conceptions of spontaneous education, regular education, and instruction contained in the periodical. Education is understood as the unity of culture and instruction, with the former being the chief responsible for directing the faculties of the soul and for moral formation; instruction, by its turn, is seen as the acquisition of knowledge, but also plays an important role in the formation of habits and customs

New content management models: use of digital technologies by Mídia NINJA

O presente artigo reflete acerca da utilização das novas tecnologias de rede pelo meio de comunicação independente e ativista Mídia NINJA (Narrativas Independentes, Jornalismo e Ação) como modelo alternativo de gestão de conteúdos que utiliza o tripé: produção, circulação e distribuição. A pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender como funciona este modelo e de que forma ele atrai o público. Para tanto, o método utilizado foi a netnografia (ramo da Etnografia que analisa o comportamento de indivíduos e grupos sociais na internet e as dinâmicas desses grupos no ambiente online), para observar as dinâmicas de dois grupos do Telegram da Mídia NINJA (NINJASP e NINJADF) e a página do Instagram deste meio alternativo. Complementámos a metodologia com uma entrevista semiestruturada. Constatou-se, através da análise dos conteúdos das ferramentas estudadas, que as novas tecnologias de media digital como modelo de produção e distribuição utilizado pela Mídia NINJA provocam no público o interesse na leitura dos conteúdos deste medium, além de promover a participação e a interação.This article reflects on the use of new network technologies by the independent communication and activist Mídia NINJA (Independent Narratives, Journalism and Action) as an alternative model of content management that uses the tripod: production, circulation and distribution. The research aims to understand how this model works and how it attracts the public. For that, the method used is netnography (a branch of Ethnography that analyzes the behavior of individuals and social groups on the internet and the dynamics of these groups in the online environment), to observe the dynamics of two groups of the Telegram of the Mídia NINJA (NINJASP and NINJADF) and the Instagram page of this alternative medium. We complemented the methodology with a semi-structured interview. It was found, through the analysis of the contents of the studied tools, that the new technologies of digital media as a production and distribution model used by the Mídia NINJA provokes in the public an interest in reading the contents of this medium, in addition to promoting participation and interaction

V diretriz da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia sobre tratamento do infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnível do segmento ST

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V diretriz da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia sobre tratamento do infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnível do segmento ST

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