Из истории гидроархеологических исследований на озере Иссык-Куль

Статья посвящена истории археологических исследований на озере Иссык-Куль. На основе архивных данных реконструируются первые попытки изучения дна озера русскими путешественниками и учеными в середине ХIХ века; описывается проект Г.А.Колпаковского по доставке на озеро водолазного оборудования (1871); оцениваются результаты работ экспедиций Д.Ф.Винника и современное состояние дел по изучению подводных памятников озера.Стаття присвячена історії археологічних досліджень на озері Іссик-куль. На основі архівних даних реконструюються перші спроби вивчення дна озера російськими мандрівниками і ученими в середині ХIХ століття; описується проект Г.А.Колпаковського з доставки на озеро водолазного обладнання (1871); оцінюються результати робіт експедицій Д.Ф.Вінника і сучасний стан справ по вивченню підводних пам'ятників озера.The article is devoted to the history of archaeological researches at lake Issik Kul. On the basis of the archived documents the first attempts to investigate the lake bottom by Russian travelers and scientists in the middle of ХIХ age are reconstructed; the G.A.Kolpakovskiy’s project concerning the delivery of diving equipment (1871) to the lake is described; the work results of D.F.Vinnik’s expeditions and modern researches of archaeological artefacts of the lake are assessed

Partial oxidation of methane using Pt/CeZrO 2 /Al 2 O 3 catalysts -effect of preparation methods

Abstract The effect of the preparation method of Pt/CeZrO2/Al2O3 catalysts on the dispersions of the metal and of the ceria-zirconia on the surface of the alumina and on the catalytic performance of methane partial oxidation reaction was evaluated. The ceria-zirconia materials were supported on the alumina surface by precipitation and impregnation and all the samples contained 1.5 wt.% of Pt. The dispersion of the ceriazirconia was evaluated by adsorbed CO2 infrared spectroscopy and the dispersion of the metal was determined by the dehydrogenation of cyclohexane. The reducibility of the catalysts was measured by oxygen storage capacity and temperature programmed reduction. The samples prepared by impregnation present higher activity, stability and selectivity to form CO and H2 than the ones prepared by precipitation. The characterization results show that all the samples had practically the same platinum dispersion but the dispersion of the ceria-zirconia material on the alumina was more effective when the impregnation method was used. The impregnation favors a high coverage degree of the alumina by the ceria-based oxides. This means that a larger fraction of platinum particles is in contact with ceria or ceria-zirconia oxide. The metalsupport interface is a key factor to avoid the carbon deposits that are responsible for the deactivation of some samples

Scale insects (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha: Diaspididae, and Pseudococcidae) found on Myrciaria dubia in Pará State, Brazil

The present study aimed to report the occurrence of scale insects, namely Chrysomphalus aonidum (Linnaeus, 1758), Ischnaspis longirostris (Signoret, 1882), Pinnaspis aspidistrae (Signoret, 1869) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), and Nipaecoccus filicis Williams & Granara de Willink, 1992 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on plants of Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh (Myrtaceae) in the experimental fields of Embrapa Amazônia Oriental in the municipalities of Belém and Tomé-Açu, Pará State, Brazil. This is the first report of these species on M. dubia, as well as of N. filicis in Brazil

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

In vivo proteomeanalysis of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in the interactionwith the host plant Brassica oleracea

The genus Xanthomonas is composed of several species that cause severe crop losses around the world. In Latin America, one of the most relevant species is Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, which is responsible for black rot in cruciferous plants. This pathogen causes yield losses in several cultures, including cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli. Although the complete structural genome of X. campestris pv. campestris has been elucidated, little is known about the protein expression of this pathogen in close interaction with the host plant. Recently, a method for in vivo analysis of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri was developed. In the present study, this technique was employed for the characterization of the protein expression of X. campestris pv. campestris in close interaction with the host plant Brassica oleracea. The bacterium was infiltrated into leaves of the susceptible cultivar and later recovered for proteome analysis. Recovered cells were used for protein extraction and separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Proteins were analysed by peptide mass fingerprinting or de novo sequencing and identified by searches in public databases. The approach used in this study may be extremely useful in further analyses in order to develop novel strategies to control this important plant pathogen