Essai de domestication de lentinus squarrosulus mont. a partir d’une souche du Gabon

Dans le cadre d’un vaste programme de valorisation des ressources biologiques initié par les autorités gabonaises en vue de garantir la sécurité alimentaire des populations locales, une souche sauvage de Lentinus squarrosulus récoltée au nord du Gabon, a été mise en culture en utilisant essentiellement des matériaux locaux. Au cours de ce processus, cinq principales étapes ont été mise en œuvre; il s’agit notamment de la production du blanc de semis et du substrat de culture, du lardage du substrat, de l’incubation et de la  fructification du champignon. La production du blanc regroupe les étapes qui ont obligatoirement été exécutées dans un laboratoire parfaitement équipé en vue de garantir des conditions d’asepsie rigoureuses, tandis que la production du substrat de culture, l’inoculation et l’incubation ont parfaitement été réalisées à l’échelle villageoise en utilisant du matériel de fabrication traditionnelle; notamment une unité de pasteurisation constituée d’un fût en aluminium de 250 litres muni d’étagères et d’une chambre contenant de l’eau, ainsi qu’une armoire traditionnelle d’inoculation. Par ce processus, quatre-vingt sacs de 1kg ont été inoculés dont quatorze ont montré un très bon envahissement mycélien et une fructification satisfaisante; ce qui donne un rendement en terme de sac d’environ 17 %. Cependant, cinquante-six sacs n’ont pas été bien envahis par le mycélium et n’ont donc pas donné de champignon, de plus dix sacs ont été contaminés. Mots clés : domestication, souche sauvage, Lentinus squarrosulus, matériaux locaux, Gabon English title: Domestication test of lentinus squarrosulus mont. from a Gabon strain As part of a vast program to develop biological resources initiated by the Gabonese authorities with a view to guaranteeing food security for local populations, a wild strain of Lentinus squarrosulus harvested in northern Gabon was cultivated using mainly local materials. During this process, five main steps were implemented; these include the production of seedling white and growing medium, larding of the substrate, incubation and fruiting of the fungus. The production of the blank includes the steps which must have been carried out in a perfectly equipped laboratory in order to guarantee rigorous aseptic conditions, while the production of the culture substrate, inoculation and incubation have been perfectly carried out at village scale using traditional manufacturing  equipment; including a pasteurization unit consisting of a 250-liter aluminum drum with shelves and a chamber containing water, as well as a traditional inoculation cabinet. By this method, eighty bags (1kg) were inoculated, fourteen of which showed very good mycelial invasion and satisfactory fruiting; which gives a yield of around 17%. However, fifty-six bags were not well invaded by the mycelium and therefore did not give a fungus, and ten bags were contaminated. Keywords: domestication, wild strain, Lentinus squarrosulus, local materials, Gabo

HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN H UMAN I MMUNODEFICIENCY V IRUS POSITIVE INDIVIDUALS ON DIFFERENT HAART REGIMEN .

Highly active antiretroviral viral therapy (HAART), a combination of three antiretrovirals from at least two drug classes for optimization of hindrance to HIV replication has g reatly increased life expectance. There however, exist numerous of these combinations and thus the questions of which is the best HAART combination with respect to the individual’s haematological status. To investigate this, blood samples were collected fr om 231 retropositive subjects on six different HAART combinations at least six months after HAART commencement, assayed for CD4 and some haematological parameters using cyflow and sysmex(KX - 21) autoanalysier. Baseline data was accessed from the LAMIS data base. The difference between baseline and values after HAART was taken and statistically compared. HAART evaluated includes, Combivir(NVP), Combivir(EFV), Truvada(NVP), Truvada(EFV), Lanten(NVP) and Lanten(EFV). The difference in the parameters assayed a re: CD4(cellmm - 3 ): 154, 205, 172, 206, 262, and 230(P=0.478). Haemoglobin(gdl - 1): - 0.78, - 0.73, 2.35, 1.48, 1.11 and 1.27(P=0.010). PCV(%): - 2.34, - 2.19, 7.65, 7.02, 3.36 and 3.12(P=0.0001). WBC(10 3 μl - 1 ): - 1.19, - 1.02, - 0.37, 0.06, 1.14 and - 0.63(P=0.001) . Neutrophil(%): - 1.51, - 1.83, 3.87, 2.07, 2.71, 2.71 and 1.97(P=0.868). Lymphocyte(%): - 4.26, - 2.87, - 1.45, - 0.19, 2.36 and 3.40(P=0.790). Eosinophil(%): - 0.41, 0.14, - 2.65, 0.14, - 0.46 and 0.12(P=0.094). Platelet(10 3 μl - 1 ): - 49, - 39, - 53, - 53, - 47 and - 35 (P=0.931). The Zidovudine based combinations showed anaemic tendencies; Nevirapen based combinations showed Eosinopenic tendencies. All HAART used induced good immunologic responses along with thrombocytopenic tendencies. The data generated was however ins ufficient to discriminate one combination as being better than the other, rather it was observed that the haematological profile of clients must be well considered when selecting HAAR

Risk Factors Associated with Adverse Fetal Outcomes in Pregnancies Affected by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Secondary Analysis of the WAPM study on COVID-19

To evaluate the strength of association between maternal and pregnancy characteristics and the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnancies with laboratory confirmed COVID-19. Secondary analysis of a multinational, cohort study on all consecutive pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from February 1, 2020 to April 30, 2020 from 73 centers from 22 different countries. A confirmed case of COVID-19 was defined as a positive result on real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay of nasal and pharyngeal swab specimens. The primary outcome was a composite adverse fetal outcome, defined as the presence of either abortion (pregnancy loss before 22 weeks of gestations), stillbirth (intrauterine fetal death after 22 weeks of gestation), neonatal death (death of a live-born infant within the first 28 days of life), and perinatal death (either stillbirth or neonatal death). Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate parameters independently associated with the primary outcome. Logistic regression was reported as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Mean gestational age at diagnosis was 30.6\ub19.5 weeks, with 8.0% of women being diagnosed in the first, 22.2% in the second and 69.8% in the third trimester of pregnancy. There were six miscarriage (2.3%), six intrauterine device (IUD) (2.3) and 5 (2.0%) neonatal deaths, with an overall rate of perinatal death of 4.2% (11/265), thus resulting into 17 cases experiencing and 226 not experiencing composite adverse fetal outcome. Neither stillbirths nor neonatal deaths had congenital anomalies found at antenatal or postnatal evaluation. Furthermore, none of the cases experiencing IUD had signs of impending demise at arterial or venous Doppler. Neonatal deaths were all considered as prematurity-related adverse events. Of the 250 live-born neonates, one (0.4%) was found positive at RT-PCR pharyngeal swabs performed after delivery. The mother was tested positive during the third trimester of pregnancy. The newborn was asymptomatic and had negative RT-PCR test after 14 days of life. At logistic regression analysis, gestational age at diagnosis (OR: 0.85, 95% CI 0.8-0.9 per week increase; p<0.001), birthweight (OR: 1.17, 95% CI 1.09-1.12.7 per 100 g decrease; p=0.012) and maternal ventilatory support, including either need for oxygen or CPAP (OR: 4.12, 95% CI 2.3-7.9; p=0.001) were independently associated with composite adverse fetal outcome. Early gestational age at infection, maternal ventilatory supports and low birthweight are the main determinants of adverse perinatal outcomes in fetuses with maternal COVID-19 infection. Conversely, the risk of vertical transmission seems negligible

Risk factors associated with adverse fetal outcomes in pregnancies affected by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a secondary analysis of the WAPM study on COVID-19.

Objectives To evaluate the strength of association between maternal and pregnancy characteristics and the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnancies with laboratory confirmed COVID-19. Methods Secondary analysis of a multinational, cohort study on all consecutive pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from February 1, 2020 to April 30, 2020 from 73 centers from 22 different countries. A confirmed case of COVID-19 was defined as a positive result on real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay of nasal and pharyngeal swab specimens. The primary outcome was a composite adverse fetal outcome, defined as the presence of either abortion (pregnancy loss before 22 weeks of gestations), stillbirth (intrauterine fetal death after 22 weeks of gestation), neonatal death (death of a live-born infant within the first 28 days of life), and perinatal death (either stillbirth or neonatal death). Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate parameters independently associated with the primary outcome. Logistic regression was reported as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Mean gestational age at diagnosis was 30.6+/-9.5 weeks, with 8.0% of women being diagnosed in the first, 22.2% in the second and 69.8% in the third trimester of pregnancy. There were six miscarriage (2.3%), six intrauterine device (IUD) (2.3) and 5 (2.0%) neonatal deaths, with an overall rate of perinatal death of 4.2% (11/265), thus resulting into 17 cases experiencing and 226 not experiencing composite adverse fetal outcome. Neither stillbirths nor neonatal deaths had congenital anomalies found at antenatal or postnatal evaluation. Furthermore, none of the cases experiencing IUD had signs of impending demise at arterial or venous Doppler. Neonatal deaths were all considered as prematurity-related adverse events. Of the 250 live-born neonates, one (0.4%) was found positive at RT-PCR pharyngeal swabs performed after delivery. The mother was tested positive during the third trimester of pregnancy. The newborn was asymptomatic and had negative RT-PCR test after 14 days of life. At logistic regression analysis, gestational age at diagnosis (OR: 0.85, 95% CI 0.8-0.9 per week increase; pPeer reviewe

Maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnancies affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS: This was a multinational retrospective cohort study including women with a singleton pregnancy and laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, conducted in 72 centers in 22 different countries in Europe, the USA, South America, Asia and Australia, between 1 February 2020 and 30 April 2020. Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection was defined as a positive result on real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay of nasopharyngeal swab specimens. The primary outcome was a composite measure of maternal mortality and morbidity, including admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), use of mechanical ventilation and death. RESULTS: In total, 388 women with a singleton pregnancy tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 on RT-PCR of a nasopharyngeal swab and were included in the study. Composite adverse maternal outcome was observed in 47/388 (12.1%) women; 43 (11.1%) women were admitted to the ICU, 36 (9.3%) required mechanical ventilation and three (0.8%) died. Of the 388 women included in the study, 122 (31.4%) were still pregnant at the time of data analysis. Among the other 266 women, six (19.4% of the 31 women with first-trimester infection) had miscarriage, three (1.1%) had termination of pregnancy, six (2.3%) had stillbirth and 251 (94.4%) delivered a liveborn infant. The rate of preterm birth before 37 weeks' gestation was 26.3% (70/266). Of the 251 liveborn infants, 69/251 (27.5%) were admitted to the neonatal ICU, and there were five (2.0%) neonatal deaths. The overall rate of perinatal death was 4.1% (11/266). Only one (1/251, 0.4%) infant, born to a mother who tested positive during the third trimester, was found to be positive for SARS-CoV-2 on RT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS: SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women is associated with a 0.8% rate of maternal mortality, but an 11.1% rate of admission to the ICU. The risk of vertical transmission seems to be negligible. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

High-lift design optimization using the Navier-Stokes equations

This article presents a design optimization method for maximizing lift without increasing the drag of multielement airfoils at takeoff and landing configurations. It uses an incompressible Navier-Stokes flow solver (INS2D), a chimera overlaid grid system (PEGSUS), and a constrained numerical optimizer (DOT). Aerodynamic sensitivity derivatives are obtained using finite differencing. The method is first validated with single-element airfoil designs and then applied to three-element airfoil designs. Reliable design results are obtained at reasonable costs. Results demonstrate that numerical optimization can be an attractive design tool for the development of multielement high-lift systems

Formation of a parenchymal pseudocyst following a blunt thoracic trauma

Pulmonary pseudocyst is an uncommon condition that may occur after blunt thoracic trauma. Traumatic pulmonary pseudocysts develop in less than 3% of patients after blunt thoracic trauma. In this study we share a “formation of a pulmonary pseudocyst following a blunt thoracic trauma” case. Case presentation: A 34-year-old male patient suffering from a motor vehicle accident, who had admitted to another medical unit, was referred to our ED for advanced treatment after the first intervention. Due to wide hemopneumothorax, bilateral tube thoracostomy had been performed when patient arrived. Thorax CT revealed a pulmonary pseudocyst in the right lung beside diffuse bilateral pulmonary contusions, hemopneumothorax and rib fracture. Following necessary medical treatments, patient was admitted to the intensive care unit. After three months with clinical and radiological follow-up, traumatic pulmonary pseudocyst in the right lung was fully healed. Discussion and Conclusion: Pulmonary pseudocysts are air cysts that may occur in the lung parenchyma after blunt thoracic trauma. Around 85% of cases reported in the literature involved young and male patients. Tears occurring in the lung parenchyma are one of the underlying mechanisms of pseudocyst formation. In these cases there is no need for further treatment of these cysts which are known to recede spontaneously unless no complication occurs