シゼンブツヲテニスルヨウジハドノヨウナヒョウゲンヲスルノカ ヨウジノコウドウキロクヲテガカリニ

　森で遊ぶ幼児は，自然物の中でも木の枝によく触れて遊ぶ。幼児は，枝を持ち，加工し，どのような，表現を生みだすのかを行動記録を手がかりに整理した。特に，道具を使い，枝を持つ対象児における手の動きの表しや，なぜそうするのかに着目して，考察を加えた。　枝に触れて，「いじる」だけの対象児の動きの記録からは，何かをつくろうとする遊びの出発点と想定できるのではないかと分析ができる。また，その時点で別の遊びをする他児による言葉の響きや，侍ごっこの勇壮な視覚情報が森のあちこちにあり，枯れ葉の斜面を勢いにまかせて走る足音や，ブランコを揺らして幼児同志がかかわる声や歓声の聴覚情報といった，様々な感覚情報が集まる。そこから対象児は，遊びの方向性を見出し，目的を生みだす。しばらくすると，対象児は内なる気持ちを，枝を叩く音で表し，自分で決めた目的をつぶやき言葉にする。この他に，対象児は，これまで人とのかかわりが多くはなかった他者への伝達を行うといった行為や，つくる目的に向かう対象児なりの身体の多様な動きが見られることなど，素朴ではあるが数分前とは違う対象児の変容を確認することができた

Facilidades e dificuldades das enfermeiras gerentes na implementação da gerência do cuidado no ambiente hospitalar Facilities managers and difficulties of nurses in the implementation of environmental management of care hospital

Objetivo: Analisar as facilidades e dificuldades das enfermeiras gerentes na implementação da gerência do cuidado no ambiente hospitalar. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa realizado no período de outubro a novembro de 2012, em um hospital público de nível terciário da cidade de Fortaleza-CE. A coleta de dados foi feita através de entrevista semiestruturada, a técnica utilizada para a interpretação dos dados foi à análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Foram encontrados como fatores facilitadores no desenvolvimento da gerência do cuidado o apoio da líder do setor de enfermagem do hospital e a relação dialética entre os membros da equipe. Como fatores impeditivos observaram-se a estrutura física do hospital e a falta de pessoal.  Conclusão: O estudo busca sensibilizar a discussão sobre a gerência do cuidado, pois a articulação entre as atividades gerenciais e de cuidado, é importante para inovação e renovação do processo de trabalho do enfermeiro

Evaluation Of The Mutagenicity And Antimutagenicity Of Ziziphus Joazeiro Mart. Bark In The Micronucleus Assay.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the mutagenicity (clastogenicity/aneugenicity) of a glycolic extract of Ziziphus joazeiro bark (GEZJ) by the micronucleus assay in mice bone marrow. Antimutagenic activity was also assessed using treatments associated with GEZJ and doxorubicin (DXR). Mice were evaluated 24-48 h after exposure to positive (N-nitroso-N-ethylurea, NEU - 50 mg.kg(-1) and DXR - 5 mg.kg(-1)) and negative (150 mM NaCl) controls, as well as treatment with GEZJ (0.5-2 g.kg(-1)), GEZJ (2 g.kg(-1)) + NEU and GEZJ (2 g.kg(-1)) + DXR. There were no significant differences in the frequencies of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in mice treated with GEJZ and GEJZ + DXR compared to the negative controls, indicating that GEZJ was not mutagenic. Analysis of the polychromatic:normochromatic erythrocyte ratio revealed significant differences in the responses to doses of 0.5 g.kg(-1) and 1-2 g.kg(-1) and the positive control (NEU). These results indicated no systemic toxicity and moderate toxicity at lower and higher doses of GEZJ. The lack of mutagenicity and systemic toxicity in the antimutagenic assays, especially for treatment with GEZJ + DXR, suggested that phytochemical compounds in Z. joazeiro bark attenuated DXR-induced mutagenicity and the moderate systemic toxicity of a high dose of Z. joazeiro bark (2 g.kg(-1)). Further studies on the genotoxicity of Z. joazeiro extracts are necessary to establish the possible health risk in humans and to determine the potential as a chemopreventive agent for therapeutic use.37428-3

Intervenciones del enfermero en las personas con obesidad en la Atención Primaria de Salud: revisión integrativa

Objective: Identify the knowledge produced on nursing interventions with people suffering from obesity in Primary Health Care. Method: Integrative literature review of publications indexed in the databases: CINAHL, LILACS, MEDLINE, SciELO, SCOPUS and WEB OF SCIENCE, between 2011 and 2016. Results: Thirty-three articles were selected. The knowledge produced covered two themes: “Counseling aimed at weight control and promotion of healthy lifestyle habits” and “Perception of Primary Health Care nurses regarding interventions with people with obesity.” Conclusion: The results may help prompt reflections on professional training, management, and health services in terms of the relevance of nurses working with people suffering from obesity, with the support of digital technologies, motivational techniques, and nursing consultations. This could enhance their activities in the multiprofessional teams in which they participate at this healthcare level.ObjetivoIdentificar el conocimiento producido acerca de las intervenciones del enfermero en las personas con obesidad en la Atención Primaria de Salud. Método Revisión integrativa de la literatura de publicaciones indexadas en las bases de datos: CINAHL, LILACS, MEDLINE, SciELO, SCOPUS y WEB OF SCIENCE, entre 2011 y 2016. Resultado Fueron seleccionados 33 artículos. El conocimiento producido congregó dos temas: “Aconsejamiento con vistas al control del peso corporal y la promoción de hábitos sanos de vida” y “Percepción del enfermero acerca de las intervenciones en las personas con obesidad en la Atención Primaria de Salud”. Conclusión Los resultados podrán contribuir a la reflexión en el marco de la formación profesional, gestión de servicios sanitarios acerca de la relevancia de la actuación del enfermero junto a las personas con obesidad, con el aporte de tecnologías digitales, técnicas motivacionales y la consulta de enfermería. Eso podrá estimular la valoración de sus acciones en el equipo multiprofesional del que es integrante en ese nivel de atención sanitaria

Nongenotoxic effects and a reduction of the DXR-induced genotoxic effects of Helianthus annuus Linné (sunflower) seeds revealed by micronucleus assays in mouse bone marrow

BACKGROUND: This research evaluated the genotoxicity of oil and tincture of H. annuus L. seeds using the micronucleus assay in bone marrow of mice. The interaction between these preparations and the genotoxic effects of doxorubicin (DXR) was also analysed (antigenotoxicity test). METHODS: Experimental groups were evaluated at 24-48 h post treatment with N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea (positive control – NEU), DXR (chemotherapeutic), NaCl (negative control), a sunflower tincture (THALS) and two sources of sunflower oils (POHALS and FOHALS). Antigenotoxic assays were carried out using the sunflower tincture and oils separately and in combination with NUE or DXR. RESULTS: For THALS, analysis of the MNPCEs showed no significant differences between treatment doses (250–2,000 mg.Kg(-1)) and NaCl. A significant reduction in MNPCE was observed when THALS (2,000 mg.Kg(-1)) was administered in combination with DXR (5 mg.Kg(-1)). For POHALS or FOHALS, analysis of the MNPCEs also showed no significant differences between treatment doses (250–2,000 mg.Kg(-1)) and NaCl. However, the combination DXR + POHALS (2,000 mg.Kg(-1)) or DXR + FOHALS (2,000 mg.Kg(-1)) not contributed to the MNPCEs reduction. CONCLUSIONS: This research suggests absence of genotoxicity of THALS, dose-, time- and sex-independent, and its combination with DXR can reduce the genotoxic effects of DXR. POHALS and FOHALS also showed absence of genotoxicity, but their association with DXR showed no antigenotoxic effects

APPLICATION OF RANDOM REGRESSION MODELS FOR GROWTH TRAITS OF NELLORE CATTLE IN BRAZIL

The purpose of this review is to show the increase in number of researches on covariance components and genetic evaluation using random regression models (RRM) for growth traits of Nellore cattle. Random regression models, also known as infinite-dimension models have been used to estimate variance components and genetic parameters for weight of beef cattle. In addition, those models are a standard alternative for genetic analyses of longitudinal data, however, the availibility of computational resources for performing genetic evaluations widely is an obstacle. Traits related to animal growth are adopted as selection criteria in beef cattle breeding programs, because the remuneration of cattle breeders is made based on the weight of carcasses. In recent years, RRM have been adopted as standard procedure in relation to the analysis of longitudinal data in animal breeding

Qualidade microbiológica e físico e química de peixes congelados comercializados em supermercados de Cruz das Almas, Bahia/ Microbiological and physical and chemical quality of frozen fish commercialized in supermarkets in Cruz das Almas, Bahia

O pescado é um alimento que se destaca nutricionalmente dentre os produtos de origem animal, porém muito suscetível a deterioração microbiana. Assim, este trabalho objetivou avaliar a qualidade microbiológica e físico-química de peixes congelados em supermercados de Cruz das Almas, Bahia. Para isso, foram realizadas 12 coletas de sardinha, merluza e corvina em seis supermercados e realizados testes microbiológicos (bactérias psicrotróficas cultiváveis (BPC), Salmonella spp. e Pseudomonas aeruginosa) e físico-químicos (temperatura, pH, gás sulfídrico e amônia). Os peixes apresentaram contagens acima de 106 UFC para BPC em 8,3% das amostras, e presença de Salmonella spp. e P. aeruginosa em 50% e 83% dos estabelecimentos, respectivamente. A temperatura interna dos peixes variou de -15 °C a -1 °C, o pH de 5,9 a 7,5, com positividade para amônia e gás sulfídrico em 86% e 77,8% das amostras, respectivamente. Os peixes congelados comercializados em Cruz das Almas apresentaram contaminação por Salmonella spp. e amostras com valores de pH e teste de gás sulfídrico e amônia em desacordo com os padrões legais de conformidade

Retinoblastoma in a pediatric oncology reference center in southern brazil

Background: Retinoblastoma (Rb) is the most common intraocular tumor diagnosed in children in Brazil. However, detailed information is lacking regarding patient clinical demographics. This study aimed to determine the clinical profile of patients with Rb who were treated in a public university hospital in southern Brazil from 1983 to 2012. Methods: Patients’ medical records were reviewed to retrospectively identify patients with a principal diagnosis of Rb. Rb was classified as hereditary or non-hereditary. Clinical staging was reviewed by an ophthalmologist. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Results: Of 165 patients with a diagnosis of Rb during this period, 140 were included in the study. Disease was unilateral in 65.0 % of patients, bilateral in 32.9 %, and trilateral in 2.1 %. The mean age at onset of the first sign/ symptom was 18.1 month, and 35.7 % of patients were diagnosed during the first year of life. The most common presenting signs were leukocoria (73.6 %) and strabismus (20.7 %). The mean age at diagnosis was 23.5 months, and time to diagnosis was 5.4 months. In patients with clinical features of hereditary Rb, both onset of the first sign/symptom and diagnosis were at an earlier age than in patients without these features (12.3 vs 21.6 months [P = 0.001] and 15.9 vs 28.0 months [P < 0.001], respectively). However, there was no significant difference in overall survival between the two groups. Ocular stage at diagnosis was advanced in 76.5 % (Reese V) and 78.1 % (International Classification D or E). Of patients with unilateral and bilateral disease, 35.2 % and 34.8 %, respectively, had extraocular disease at diagnosis; 10.7 % had metastatic disease at diagnosis. Enucleation was observed in 88.1 % and exenteration in 11.9 % of patients; 93.6 % patients were followed until 2012, and 22.9 % relapsed. Overall survival was 86.4 %. Conclusions: Most Rb diagnoses are still diagnosed in advanced stages of the disease, considerably reducing overall survival time and the rate of eye and vision preservation

SUPLEMENTAÇÃO COM SAL MINERAL PROTEINADO PARA BOVINOS DE CORTE, NA FASE DE RECRIA, NO PERÍODO SECO, NA REGIÃO DO BAIXO AMAZONAS PARAENSE

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with protein mineral salt, compared to mineral salt, on the weight gain and economic viability of beef cattle in the growing season, in the dry period. 24 non-castrated Nellore calves, with an average of nine months of age, 216 ± 28.8 kg of body weight, distributed in a randomized block design with two treatments, were used. 12 animals fed with mineral salt and 12 animals fed with protein mineral supplement, each animal constituted an experimental unit. The treatments consisted of protein mineral supplementation (PMS) and mineral salt (MS) in the amount of 0.1% live weight (LW). There were no significant differences (P> 0.05) between treatments, for final weight and average daily weight gain of calves fed with mineral salt and protein mineral supplement. Expenses with daily supply of mineral protein supplement compared to mineral salt showed low variations in values. In addition, the offer of protein mineral supplement and mineral salt met the maintenance requirements, with moderate gains in the animals' performance in the dry period. Under the conditions of this experiment, the use of protein supplementation did not provide greater weight gain for cattle in the growing season, in the dry period. Economic viability was also not affected by the protein supplement.Este trabajo dirigido a fue evaluar el efecto de la suplementación con sal mineral proteica, en comparación con sal mineral, sobre el aumento de peso y la viabilidad económica del ganado de carne en la época de crecimiento, en el período seco. Se utilizaron veinticuatro terneros Nelore, con un promedio de nueve meses de edad, 216 ± 28,8 kg de peso corporal distribuidos en un diseño de bloques al azar con dos tratamientos, 12 animales alimentados con sal mineral y 12 animales alimentado con suplemento mineral proteico, cada animal constituía una unidad experimental. Los tratamientos consistieron en suplementación mineral proteica (SMP) y sal mineral (SM) en la cantidad de 0.1% de peso vivo (PV). No hubo diferencias significativas (P> 0.05) entre los tratamientos para el peso final y la ganancia de peso diaria promedio de los terneros alimentados con sal mineral y suplemento de proteína mineral. Los gastos con suministro diario de suplemento mineral proteico en comparación con la sal mineral mostraron bajas variaciones en los valores. Además, la oferta de suplemento mineral proteico y sal mineral cumplió con los requisitos de mantenimiento, con ganancias moderadas en el rendimiento de los animales en el período seco. Bajo las condiciones de este experimento, el uso de suplementos proteicos no proporcionó mayor ganancia de peso para el ganado en la temporada de crecimiento, en el período seco. La viabilidad económica tampoco se vio afectada por el suplemento proteico.Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito da suplementação com sal mineral proteico, em comparação ao sal mineral, sobre o ganho de peso e a viabilidade econômica de bovinos de corte na fase de recria, no período seco. Utilizou-se 24 bezerros da raça Nelore, não castrados, com média de nove meses de idade, 216 ± 28,8 kg de peso corporal distribuídos em delineamento em blocos casualizados com dois tratamentos sendo, 12 animais alimentados com o sal mineral e 12 animais alimentados com suplemento mineral proteico, cada animal constituía uma unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram na suplementação mineral proteico (SMP) e sal mineral (SM) na quantidade de 0,1% peso vivo (PV). Não foram verificados (P>0,05) diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos, para peso final e ganho de peso médio diário de bezerros alimentados com sal mineral e suplemento mineral proteico. As despesas com fornecimento diário do suplemento mineral proteico em comparação ao sal mineral apresentaram baixas variações nos valores. Além disso, a oferta do suplemento mineral proteico e sal mineral atenderam os requerimentos de mantença, com ganhos moderados no desempenho dos animais no período seco. Nas condições desse experimento, a utilização de suplementação proteica não proporcionou maior ganho de peso de bovinos na fase de recria, no período seco. A viabilidade econômica também não foi afetada em função do suplemento proteico

Decisões a respeito da terapia com estimulação cerebral profunda na doença de Parkinson

A doença de Parkinson pode ser tratada cirurgicamente em pacientes que desenvolveram complicações motoras, como flutuações e discinesias, ou tremores refratários ao uso de medicação. Nesta revisão, um grupo de especialistas formulou sugestões para um protocolo de avaliação pré-operatória, depois de revisar a literatura publicada até outubro de 2017. Neste protocolo, são sugeridos critérios de elegibilidade e inadmissibilidade para tratamento cirúrgico, bem como procedimentos que devem ser realizados antes das decisões terapêuticas multidisciplinares. A revisão enfatiza a necessidade de estabelecer “equipes de DBS”, com profissionais dedicados especialmente a esta área. Ao final, a seleção do alvo cirúrgico (núcleo subtalâmico ou globo pálido interno) é discutida brevemente, ponderando prós e contras de cada escolha.Parkinson’s disease can be treated surgically in patients who present with motor complications such as fluctuations and dyskinesias, or medically-refractory disabling tremor. In this review, a group of specialists formulated suggestions for a preoperative evaluation protocol after reviewing the literature published up to October 2017. In this protocol, eligibility and ineligibility criteria for surgical treatment were suggested, as well as procedures that should be carried out before the multidisciplinary therapeutic decisions. The review emphasizes the need to establish “DBS teams”, with professionals dedicated specifically to this area. Finally, surgical target selection (subthalamic nucleus or globus pallidus internus) is discussed briefly, weighing the pros and cons of each target